考研英語(yǔ)翻譯難點(diǎn)精析(一)__被

1、考研英語(yǔ)翻譯難點(diǎn)精析（一） 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)翻譯法 1 變?yōu)闈h語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)形式。 Eg: It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.這種說(shuō)法從一開(kāi)始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端，它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物：要么像對(duì)待人類(lèi)自身一樣關(guān)切體諒，要么完全冷漠無(wú)情。 2

2、譯成具有被動(dòng)意義的漢語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。 Eg: For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.盡管計(jì)算機(jī)可以提供那么多的幫助，它卻不應(yīng)該被看作是基本的思維和推理技巧的替代物。 Eg: How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and ap

3、propriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.這些預(yù)測(cè)將在多大程度上為后來(lái)的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)取決于所用信息的數(shù)量、可靠程度、適宜程度以及用來(lái)解釋這些信息的技巧與才智。 3 增添“人們”、“大家”等適當(dāng)?shù)脑~做漢語(yǔ)譯文的主語(yǔ)。 Eg: And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,

4、 and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.許多人認(rèn)為普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無(wú)法和科學(xué)家的思維過(guò)程想比較，他們并認(rèn)為這些思維過(guò)程必須經(jīng)過(guò)某中專(zhuān)門(mén)訓(xùn)練才能掌握。 Eg: During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在這種轉(zhuǎn)變中

5、，歷史學(xué)家研究歷史時(shí)，那些解釋新史料的新方法充實(shí)了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。 考研英語(yǔ)翻譯難點(diǎn)精析（二） 分譯法 英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句子比較多，漢語(yǔ)句子相對(duì)而言比較短。在翻譯時(shí)可以改變?cè)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)，把原文的某個(gè)成分從原來(lái)的結(jié)構(gòu)中分離出來(lái)，譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分、從句或并列分句。 Eg: It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.這個(gè)局勢(shì)對(duì)國(guó)際安全是個(gè)威脅，這樣的說(shuō)法是完全正確的。 合譯法 和分譯法不同，合譯法是將不同的句子成分組合在一起，使其更符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方法。Eg: Science move

6、s forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.他們說(shuō)科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說(shuō)源于天才偉人的真知灼識(shí)，不如說(shuō)源于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等等更為普遍的東西。（將英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯成一個(gè)詞組） Eg: When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is manki nds instinct for moral reasoni

7、ng in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.這種反應(yīng)并不錯(cuò)，這是人類(lèi)用道德觀念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用。這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì)，而不是遭到嘲笑。（When that happens, it is not a mistake原來(lái)是兩個(gè)句子，現(xiàn)在組合成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔的漢語(yǔ)句子。） 順序調(diào)整法 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)該按照句子原來(lái)的順序進(jìn)行，但由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和一些其他成分的位置不完全相同，翻譯時(shí)需要做一定的調(diào)整（例如采用倒譯法），使其更符合漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣。 Eg: The true measure o

8、f the danger is represented by the hazards we will encounter if we enter the new age of technology without first evaluating our responsibility to environment.如果我們進(jìn)入了技術(shù)新時(shí)代而不首先估價(jià)我們對(duì)環(huán)境所負(fù)的責(zé)任，我們將遇到公害，這些公害將表明危險(xiǎn)真正達(dá)到了什么程度。 Eg: That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, character

9、istics and behavior is central to this theory.這種理論的核心是，我們的環(huán)境同我們的才能、性格特征和行為即使有什么關(guān)系的話(huà)，也是微不足道的。（原來(lái)的謂語(yǔ)，在譯文中變成了在前的主語(yǔ)。） 反譯法 一個(gè)問(wèn)題有時(shí)可以從不同的角度來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明。有些句子英語(yǔ)是從正面說(shuō)的，漢語(yǔ)可以從反面來(lái)解釋。 1否定譯成肯定。 Eg: I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.每一次經(jīng)過(guò)那家劇院，我都會(huì)想起他的最后一次演出。 Eg: Hardly a month goes by without

10、 word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.美國(guó)公民科盲日益嚴(yán)重，這種調(diào)查報(bào)告幾乎月月都有。（雙重否定） 2肯定譯成否定。 Eg: Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.人人有不挨餓的權(quán)利。 Eg: This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the h

11、igh-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.這種困境將是確定無(wú)疑的，因?yàn)槟茉吹膮T乏使農(nóng)業(yè)無(wú)法以高能量消耗、投入少數(shù)農(nóng)民就可能獲得高產(chǎn)的美國(guó)耕種方式繼續(xù)下去了。 Eg: The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試作為抨

12、擊目標(biāo)是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)樵谂険暨@類(lèi)測(cè)試時(shí)，批評(píng)者不考慮其弊病來(lái)自人們對(duì)測(cè)試不甚了解或使用不當(dāng)。 幾種特殊否定句式的翻譯法 “no morethan翻譯成漢語(yǔ)“和一樣不” Eg: The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.臟和胃一樣不能思維，都受大腦支配。 E g: There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how

13、much water you drink.他們沒(méi)有理由限定你吃多少維生素，就如同他們不能限定你喝多少水一樣。 “not so much as”翻譯成“與其說(shuō)，不如說(shuō)” Eg: It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.與其說(shuō)他輸了比賽是多次被擊中，不如說(shuō)是自己缺乏斗志。 Eg: There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculia

14、r to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.所謂方法論是指一般的歷史研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史研究中各個(gè)具體領(lǐng)域使用的研究手段，人們對(duì)此意見(jiàn)不一。 Eg: He is the last person I want to see in the world.他是這個(gè)世界上我最不愿意見(jiàn)到的人。 考研英語(yǔ)翻譯難點(diǎn)精析（四） 定語(yǔ)從句翻譯法 1合譯法:把定語(yǔ)從句放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之前，從而將英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句翻譯成漢語(yǔ)

15、單句。 Eg: Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.國(guó)會(huì)公布了關(guān)于接受美國(guó)援助的105個(gè)國(guó)家的人權(quán)情況調(diào)查報(bào)告。 2分譯法:根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的不同情況，我們可以將其翻譯成并列分句、其它從句或獨(dú)立句等。 Eg: Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.任何人如果停止吸取新知識(shí)，就肯定會(huì)落后。（譯為條件狀語(yǔ)從句） The strike would prevent the dock

16、ing of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罷工會(huì)使遠(yuǎn)洋航船不能靠岸，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰洗膸椭＃ㄗg成原因狀語(yǔ)從句） A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地質(zhì)勘探工程師對(duì)光譜進(jìn)行了分析之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的露天煤礦。（譯為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)） The delivery of public services has tended to be an

17、area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.公共服務(wù)的提供方式已趨陳舊，這正是我們必須采用技術(shù)加以裝備的領(lǐng)域。（譯為并列分句） We now live in a very new economy, a service economy, where relationships are becoming more important than physical products.現(xiàn)在我們正生活于一種全新的經(jīng)濟(jì)，即服務(wù)性經(jīng)濟(jì)中，各種關(guān)系越來(lái)越比物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品更為重要。（譯為并列分句） 主語(yǔ)從句翻譯法 1以that, what, wh

18、o, where, whatever等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，可以將從句翻譯成“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)。 Eg:It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible.重要的是要把科學(xué)技術(shù)搞上去。 Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人都要受到法律 one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.我的觀點(diǎn)是一代人經(jīng)常抱怨下一代人是不可避免的。（順譯法） Hi

19、s view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.他對(duì)新 聞界的看法是，記者們不是支持他，就是反對(duì)他。（順譯法） Water and food is what the people in the area are badly needed.該地區(qū)的人們最需要的是 水和食品。（逆譯法） 同位語(yǔ)從句翻譯法 1補(bǔ)譯法:加上一些詞,如“即”,“以為”,或者以冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)分開(kāi)處理。 Eg:That racism continues to prevail is indicated by the fact that we, intentionally or not, chose three white men to be the first men associ