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1、SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH atIOC-R&D Centre, Faridabad Dr. D.K. TuliGeneral Manager (Alternate Energy)CoverageSolar Energy Research Plan of IOC-R&DApproachLine of action (strategy)Basic researchSolar Power Generation Plans of IOCSolar Lanterns & other productsSolar hydrogen dispensing stationLarge scale

2、solar farmsThree-Pronged ApproachInfrastructure & Expertise CreationProduct Development & Technology EvaluationBasic Research ProjectsR&D Strategy - Infrastructure & Expertise CreationSet-up laboratory facility for testing of lanterns and other solar energy driven productsTesting facility for solar

3、panelsUp-gradation of laboratory facilityTo certification levelDiscussions with TUV, Germany and Fraunhaufer, GermanyFor Solar Cell ResearchFor Solar Thermal Research Targeted Areas of ExpertiseSolar PVTesting of Modules & Components of PV Systems Mechanical, Electrical, Environment & Other Related

4、TestsEnergy yield assessments Study of local irradiation data & system details and long term yield forecasts compilation using simulationsSite Condition Evaluation Actual energy yield at the site including shadowing/seasoning and type of plant (off or on grid, pump systems etc)Technology advisory se

5、rvices Based on global technology evaluation and relevant standards/regulationsPlant monitoring, output energy yields checks and evaluation Data logging and analysis capabilitiesDamage & fault assessment Determination and analysis of damages & malfunctions of the systems including required repairsNe

6、cessity for Comprehensive TestingWhy?Prolonged exposure to weather and extreme temperature conditionsSturdiness of insulating materialsPerformance of wiresExtent of current leakagesFire and health hazardsFor Whom ?Grid tied systemsGovernment rebates and tax incentivesHouse insuranceOff-grid systems

7、Current leakagesDurabilityBenefits of Comprehensive Testing FacilitiesSetting up of complete laboratory facility Can be utilized for all R&D purposes as well as for certification purposeSole Indian party status and second Asian certification country after JapanIf utilized for certification, can earn

8、 extra revenue All collaborative basic research efforts shall be helped by leveraging the lab facility successfully and the pace of development will be enhanced by aggressive institution/industrial collaborationsBasic research areas: Advanced coatings Improved reflectors Advanced thermal collectors

9、High temperature resistant thermic fluids Applied research areas: Hydrogen generation through solar thermal route Advanced solar systems for refinery steam pre-heating solar assisted biomass gasifiers air heating & drying etc. Targeted Areas of ExpertiseSolar ThermalHydrogen through Solar EnergyTech

10、nology / product tie-upsfor LED lanterns & other appliances development for panels for solar thermal productsIITs & CSIR labs such as CMERI, CEERI, CAZRI etcExisting technology evaluation and data generationActual field evaluation exercise on controlled basis on a 10 KWp size plant complete with dat

11、a management facilitiesPower generation & data logging to evaluate all possible commercial PV technologies amongst following :Mono and/or multi c-Sia-SiCPVCIGSCdTe Activity can be extended further for all remaining cell technologies under incubation R&D Strategy Product Development & Technology Eval

12、uationBasic research for Improved Solar SystemsR&D Strategy Basic ResearchOutsourcing & Collaboration Focus on 3rd & 4th Generation PV CellsSolar thermal systems leading up-to hydrogen generationSolar Lanterns from IndianOilMade for poor, adored by rich.a viable solar power generation for IndiaKeros

13、ene use - Market SurveysPuri & BhubaneswarParameterUnitPuri Sea beachNolia basti, PuriUnit-12, BBSRTarget segmentMostly small shops (39/500)Mostly fishermen (49/700)Slums (36/200)IncomeRs./day(Range)200/-(50-500)110/-(75-200)Not divulgedKerosene consumptionltr/month(Range)40(10-70)20(7-35)23(10-60)S

14、KO purchase priceRs./ltr(Range)27/-(23-30)26.30(20-30)25/-(25-28)Monthly SKO spendRs./month(Range)1071/-(250-1950)515/-(280-900)574/-(250-1500)Amount ready to pay for SLRs./day(Range)4.10(3-5)4.70(3-12)4.60(3-5)The hows & whys of solar lights Brighter than kerosene lights15-20 times better quality l

15、ight 150-200 lumens vs. 10-20 lumens (kerosene dibri)No smokeVirtual elimination of soot-related health hazardCheaper than kerosene lightsNo moving parts, very little maintenanceNear-zero heatCan sit very close to lamp: boon to villagers & shopkeepersAbove all, endless source of energySolar light br

16、ighter, healthier & cheaper than kerosene lampsSolar lighting options for the poor & middle class1. Central charging station with lanterns on rental for low-income villagersRegular income for the rural entrepreneurMicro-financing by MFI/RRB/CB for purchase of lanterns by the poor2. Solar lights with

17、 small panels for relatively well-off villagersDirect purchase & use3. Village adoption3 optionsOptions 1 & 2 practical for both urban & semi-urban customers Low-income areasShops/mandis (marketplace)Emergency lightsSolar Charging Station (SCS)Solar charging stationsAt RO/KSK/LPGD or Any central loc

18、ationDirect charging during the dayBatteries inside the lanternsThe ConceptD(PBD) inaugurating SCS, Sathla KSKRooftop solar panels, Sathla KSKSolar Charging Station (SCS)Customers pay rent for lantern & a fee for charging lantern on a daily/monthly basisEvery evening, Customers bring the discharged

19、lantern and take a charged lantern with themAlternatively, the charging station owner arranges for delivery & collection of lanternsThe ConceptIndianOils Solar Charging StationKSK, Sathla, UPIndianOils Solar Lantern Charging RackKSK, Chokoni, UPIndianOils Solar Lantern in useUjhari village, Gajraula

20、, Bareily DO Sweet shops using IndianOils solar lanternsA chemist shop using IndianOils solar lanternsSolar Lanterns SpecificationsParametersMNREIndianOilPV module2.5 5 (Wp)2.5 4.5 (Wp)BatteryUpto 7AH 12V 4 7 AH 6 - 7 VElectronic efficiencyMin 80%Min 80%Average duty cycle per day 4 hours Central cha

21、rgingUpto 6 hrs in full brightness Upto 8 hrs in dimmer Stand alone mode = 4 hrsAutonomy14 hoursLux (1)V=105 H=32 (*) Three categoriesINDIANOILs Solar Lanterns (Proposed Target Specifications )ParametersSolar LampSolar LanternsSolar PetromaxPV module2.5 Wp 4.5 Wp8 WpBatteryUpto 3.5 AH 6/12 V5 AH 6 V

22、12 AH 6 - 7 VElectronic efficiencyMin 80%Min 80% Min 80%Average duty cycle per dayCentral charging 5-6 hrs in full brightness 7-8 hrs in dimmerStand alone mode = 4 hrsCentral charging 5-6 hrs in full brightness 7-8 hrs in dimmerStand alone mode = 4 hrsCentral charging 5-6 hrs in full brightness 7-8

23、hrs in dimmerStand alone mode = 4 hrsAutonomyLux (1)V = 70-104H =15-25V = 105-175H = 26 - 50V 190H 65IOC-R&D Plan & Targets (2011-2013)New product development Rural usageLanternsSolar powered fans Pump setsStreet lightsUrban usageHome lighting systemsFansGarden lightsMobile chargersStreet lightsInve

24、rters Captive power generating setsMiscellaneous (Industrial including commercial buildings) usageCookersPower generating unitsDemo ProjectsInstallation of solar powered systems within R&DExtending support to install solar systems in sister divisionsSetting up some proven technological units in the

25、country as demo units to leap-frog the technical know-how20112012-13 50+ MW (12000 ROs x 6 W/d x 200 days x 4 years) Solar Mission target = 200 MW for of-grid by 2013Development of Solar based HCNG dispensing station at Delhi during Commonwealth GamesTo gain experience with onsite Solar Hydrogen Pro

26、duction infrastructure and Hydrogen HCNG utilization in automotive vehicles To study performance, emission, reliability and safety aspects of hydrogen powered vehicles To demonstrate Hydrogen / HCNG powered vehicles for public awareness and acceptance during Commonwealth GamesProject Objectives Work

27、 PlanWork PlanIOC will set up on-site Solar Photovoltaic / Electrolyser based hydrogen dispensing station.The station will comprise the following Solar photovoltaic panelsElectrolyserHydrogen compressorHydrogen StorageBlender & DispenserInfrastructure RequiredS.No.DescriptionSpecification1Solar Phot

28、ovoltaic System25 kW (Peak- 50 kWp)Output : 100 V (DC)2Electrolyser5 Nm3/hrPurity; 99.999 %3H2 CompressorSuction Pressure: 5-10 barDischarge Pressure: 450 bar4H2 StoragePressure 450 bar5HCNG BlenderBlending Range: 0-50% (v/v)6DispenserHCNG : 200-250 barHydrogen : 350 barExisting FuelsFuture FuelsCom

29、petencies & LeadershipFacility CreationProduct Development & EvaluationBasic ResearchMedium termLong termShort termGOALFuture FuelsA progressive & profitable energy centre of repute having international level research facilities, development expertise and certification accreditations Basic Research

30、on New Generation PV CellsPossibilities: Multi junction devicesStacks of single junction cells in descending order of band-gapTop cell captures high-energy photons and passes rest on to lower band-gap cells New materials / material technologiesNano PV cellsDye sensitized cellsPolymer cellsConcentrat

31、or PVConcentrates and utilizes maximum sun power PV Cells.theoretical projectionsPROS:Multi junction is one of the approach to exceed single junction efficienciesFor 50% efficiency, it is mentioned that 5 junctions shall be needed assuming 80% absorption is possibleCONSThe tandem approach is limited

32、 by the availability of stable materials of desired band gapsConcentration possess challenges in acceptance angle and thermal management as the degree of concentration is increased# Junctions in Cells1 Sun Maximum Concentration 1 Junction30.8%40.8%2 Junction42.9%55.7%3 Junction49.3%63.8%n Junctions6

33、8.2%86.8%Hydrogen generation through Solar EnergyComparative study of PV & Thermal routeBuilding Integrated PhotoVoltaicEmerging & promising area Polymeric Materials and chemicals used in solar panels Polymeric films AdhesivesHybrid SystemsFuel cellsCombustion engineeringSolar Energy Some Interdisci

34、plinary Areas of R&DType Testing SOLAR PVTerminal RobustnessTensile and/or torque test on electrical terminations to assess the ability to withstand the normal stresses associated with handling and insulationIEC 61215-10.14IEC 62108-10.12IEC 61646-1014UL 1703-22, 28IEEE 1262-5.9 & 1513-5.9Static Mec

35、hanical Load TestDetermines the ability of the module to withstand wind, snow, ice, or other static loadIEC 61215-10.16IEC 62108-10.13IEC 61646-10.16UL 1703-39IEEE 1262-5.11Impact TestAssesses the adequacy of the system to withstand impact forcesUL 1703-29Surface Cut SusceptibilityVerifies if the co

36、vering surface can withstand surface cutsUL 1703-24IEEE 1262-5.12IEC 61730-10.3Junction Box Securement Verifies if junction box can withstand tensile pull forcesUL 1703-39Hail Impact TestSimulates hail impact to determine the ability to withstand and survive severe hailstorm conditionsIEC 61215-10.1

37、7IEC 62108-10.9IEC 61646-10.17ASTM E-1038 & E 822IEEE 1262-5.14 & 1513-5.11MECHANICAL TESTSType Testing SOLAR PVThermal CyclingRapid cycling of temperature extremes between -40 C and + 85C for 200 cycles at 6 hours per cycle to test the ability to withstand thermal mismatch, fatigue or other stresse

38、s caused by rapid, non-uniform or repeated changes of temperatureIEC 61215-10.11IEC 62108-10.6IEC 61646-10.11UL 1703-35IEEE 1262-5.7 & 1513-5.7ASTM E 1171-6.5Humidity Freeze CyclingRapid cycling of both temperature and humidity extremes similar to thermal cycling with additional high humidity 10 cyc

39、les per 24 hour. Determines the ability to withstand high temperature and high humidity followed by freezing temperaturesIEC 61215-10.12IEC 62108-10.8IEC 61646-10.8UL 1703-36IEEE 1262-5.8 & 1513-5.8ASTM E 1171-6.6Damp Heat Test+85C & 85% RH for 1000 hours to test the ability to withstand the effects

40、 of long-term penetration of humidityIEC 61215-10.13IEC 62108-10.7IEC 61646-10.13IEEE 1262-5.13 & 1513-5.10ASTM E 1171-6.7ENVIRONMENTAL TESTSType Testing SOLAR PVGround Path Continuity / Bonding Path ResistanceVerifies electrical continuity between all exposed conductive parts and the grounding poin

41、t under high current conditionIEC 62108-10.3IEC 61730-2-10.4UL 1703-25IEEE 1262-5.3IEEE 1513-5.3ASTM E 1462-7.3Electrical Isolation (Including wet/dry hipot, leakage current and dielectric voltage withstand tests)Measures the quality of electrical insulation under various conditions. Verifies the ad

42、equacy of electrical insulation between all active parts of the power generating circuit and the frame or the outside worldIEC 61215-10.3IEC 62108-10.4/10.5IEC 61646-10.3UL 1703-21/26/27IEC 61730-10.6ASTM E 1462-7.1/7.2IEEE 1262-5.4,5.5,5.6IEEE 1513-5.4,5.5,5.6Bypass / Blocking Diode Terminal Test (

43、Non-intrusive)Assesses the adequacy of thermal design and relative long-term reliability of bypass/blocking diodes used to limit the detrimental effects of system hot-spot susceptibilityIEC 61215-10.18IEC 61646-10.18IEC 62108-10.11IEEE 1262-5.15IEEE 1513-5.12Impulse VoltageVerify the insulations abi

44、lity to withstand over-voltageUL 1703-21ELECTRICAL TESTSType Testing SOLAR PVTemperature CoefficientsDetermines the effect of temperature on the current, voltage and peak power output of the moduleIEC 61215-10.4IEC 61646-10.4Temperature TestsVerify the system to withstand high heat without showing s

45、igns of stress or deformationIEC 61730-2-10.7UL 1703-19Visual InspectionVisually inspect system for damage and compliance with design criteriaIEC 61215-10.1IEC 62108-10.1IEC 61646-10.1IEC 61730-2-10.1IEEE 1262-5.1 & 1513-5.1ASTM E 1799OTHER TESTSLearning from the Workshop Solar PV and Solar Thermal

46、are two distinct and separate areas of solar energy researchTraditionally, solar thermal was more in use quantitatively, while solar PV is now spreading far & wideTotal installed solar thermal capacity in world 500 MWTotal installed solar PV capacity in world 15 GWAt present, installing solar therma

47、l plant is relatively cheaper than solar PV plant of equivalent capacitySolar Thermal Some Areas Under R&DBasic research areas: Advanced power cycles Advanced coatings Improved reflectors Advanced thermal collectors High temperature resistant thermic fluids Applied research areas: Development of organic Rankine cycle system Solar dis