電氣安全意識培訓(xùn)

1、Electrical Safety Awareness TrainingAlbert Einstein College of MedicineDepartment of Environmental Health & Safety Evan RousseauIndustrial Hygienist(718) 430-4152Training OutlinenPurposenBasic Concepts of ElectricitynHazard RecognitionnEffects of Electricity on the Human BodynEle

2、ctrical Hazard ProtectionnWork PracticesnHow to Respond/Report a ProblemnSupervisor ResponsibilitiesnEmployee ResponsibilitiesnVideo PurposenRaise your awareness to potential electrical hazards.nInstruct you on how to recognize electrical hazards.nProvide ways to eliminate, remove, and prevent elect

3、rical hazards in the workplace.nEmphasizing the extreme importance of observing all electrical safety requirements and practices.nInstructing you on what to do in the event an electrical accident. PurposenCourse is not designed to teach you to work on electrical equipment.nYou will not be qualified

4、to work on electrical equipment .nIf you see problems with electrical equipment, notify your supervisor.Basic Concepts of ElectricitynElectricity is the flow of electrons (current) through a conductor.nRequires a source of power: usually a generating station.nTravels in a closed circuit.nWhen you be

5、come part of the circuit, the injury may be fatal.Hazard RecognitionnCords & EquipmentnPower tools and extension cords must be inspected each time they are used. nThey must be taken out of service immediately upon discovery of worn or broken insulation.Hazard RecognitionnCords & EquipmentnVisually i

6、nspect electrical equipment before each use for damage and/or external defects such as loose, missing or deformed parts, pinched or crushed outer jackets or insulation. This type of external damage may indicate internal damage to the equipment. nElectrical cords that are worn or damaged must be repl

7、aced without delay. nBefore cleaning electrical equipment, turn it off and unplug it.Hazard RecognitionnElectrical PanelsnElectric panels must be kept clear of any obstructions at all times.nStorage is not allowed in electrical vault or service panel rooms. Find another place for storage of material

8、s, products, etc.Hazard RecognitionnTrip HazardsnDont cause tripping hazards or create pinch points for cords.nIf you must run a cord temporarily across the floor, protect your co-workers by covering the cord appropriately.Hazard RecognitionnExposed WiringnAssume all exposed wiring is energized unti

9、l proven otherwise.nStop, protect the area, and contact supervision if you encounter this situation.Hazard RecognitionnPower StripsnNever daisy chain multi-outlet strips (plugging into each other)Hazard RecognitionnJunction boxes, pull boxes, and fittings must have approved covers in place.nUnused o

10、penings in cabinets, boxes, and fittings must be closed (no missing knockouts).nReport these situations to your supervisor.Effects of Electricity on the Human BodynThe four major types of electrical injuries are:nDirectnElectrocutionnElectrical ShocknBurns nIndirectnFallsEffects of Electricity on th

11、e Human Body: Electrical ShocknReceived when current passes through the body.nSeverity of the shock depends on:nPath of current through the body.nAmount of current flowing through the body.nLength of time the body is in the circuit.Effects of Electricity on the Human Body: Electrical ShocknRange of

12、currents lasting 1 second will illicit the following reactions: n1 milliampnJust a faint tingle.n5 milliampsnSlight shock felt. Most people can let go.n6-30 milliampsnPainful shock. Muscular control is lost. This is the range were “freezing current” starts. It may not be possible to let go.Effects o

13、f Electricity on the Human Body: Electrical Shockn50-150 milliampsnExtremely painful shock, respiratory arrest, (breathing stops) and severe muscle contractions. Death is possible.n1,000-4,300 milliamps (1-4.3 amps)nArrhythmic heart pumping action, muscles contract, and nerve damage occurs. Death is

14、 likely.n10,000+ milliamps (10 amps)nCardiac arrest and severe burns occur. Death is probable.Effects of Electricity on the Human Body: Electrical ShocknThe longer the exposure, the increased danger of shock to the victim.nLow voltage can be extremely dangerous because the degree of injury depends n

15、ot only on the current, but on the length of time in contact with the circuit.nExample:nA current of 100mA applied for 3 seconds is as dangerous as 900mA applied for 0.03 seconds. nLow Voltage Does Not Mean Low Hazard.Effects of Electricity on the Human Body: Electrical ShocknHigh voltages lead to a

16、dditional injuries such as:nViolent muscular contractionsnMuscle contractions may cause bone fractures from either contractions themselves or from falls.nInternal bleeding, destruction of tissues, nerves and muscles.Effects of Electricity on the Human Body: Electrical BurnsnThe most common shock rel

17、ated, nonfatal injury is a burn.nBurns caused by electricity may be of three types:nElectrical burnsnArc burnsnThermal contact burns nElectrical burns need to be given immediate medical attention.Effects of Electricity on the Human Body: Electrical BurnsnElectrical burns occur when a person touches

18、electrical wiring or equipment that is used or maintained improperly.nTypically such burns occur on the hands.nClothing may catch on fire and a thermal burn may result for the heat of the fire.Effects of Electricity on the Human Body: Arc-blastnAn arc-blast is a luminous electrical discharge that oc

19、curs when high voltages exist across a gap between conductors and current travels through the air.nTemperatures as high as 35,000 F have been reached in arc-blasts.Effects of Electricity on the Human Body: Arc-blastnThe three primary hazards associated with an arc-blast are:nArching gives off therma

20、l radiation (heat) and intense light which causes burns.nA high voltage arc can produce a considerable pressure wave blast.nExample: A person 2 ft. away from a 25,000-amp arc feels a force of about 480 lbs on the front of the body.nMay cause copper and aluminum components to melt.nThe molten metal c

21、an be blasted great distances by the pressure wave.Effects of Electricity on the Human Body: FallsnElectric shock can also cause indirect injuries. nWorkers in elevated locations who experience a shock may fall, resulting in serious injury or death.Electrical Hazard ProtectionsnInsulationnGroundingn

22、GuardingnElectrical protective devicesnPersonal Protective EquipmentnSafe work practices Electrical Hazard ProtectionsnInsulationnPlastic or rubber coverings that does not conduct electricity.nInsulation prevents live wires from coming in contact with people thus protecting them form electrical shoc

23、k.Electrical Hazard ProtectionsnGrounding nGrounding is another method of protecting you from electric shock. nHowever, it is normally a secondary protective measure. Electrical Hazard ProtectionsnGrounding nThe ground refers to a conductive body, usually the earth, and means a conductive connection

24、, whether intentional or accidental, by which an electric circuit or equipment is connected to earth or the ground plane. nBy grounding a tool or electrical system, a low-resistance path to the earth is intentionally created.Electrical Hazard ProtectionsnGuardingnA type of isolation that uses variou

25、s structures to close off live electrical parts.nThese structures include:nBoxesnScreensnCoversnPartitionsElectrical Hazard ProtectionsnGround Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) nDetects the difference in current between two circuits wires. nThis difference in current could happen when electrical equ

26、ipment isnt working correctly.nGFCI are set at about 5mA and are designed to protect workers and not equipment.Electrical Hazard ProtectionsnFuses and Circuit BreakersnFuses and circuit breakers are intended primarily for the protection of conductors and equipment. nThey prevent over-heating of wire

27、s and components that might otherwise create hazards for operators. nThey also open the circuit under certain hazardous ground-fault conditions. Electrical Hazard ProtectionsnPersonal Protective EquipmentnFoot protection nFootwear will be marked “EH” if its approved for electrical work.nEH = Electri

28、cal HazardnFootwear must be kept dry, even if it is marked “EH”Electrical Hazard ProtectionsnPersonal Protective EquipmentnHead protectionnHard hat (insulated - nonconductive)nClass B & E.nAlways wear your hat with the bill forward.nDo not store anything in the top of your hat while wearing it.Elect

29、rical Hazard ProtectionsnPersonal Protective EquipmentnHand protectionnRubber insulating gloves.nClassified by the level of voltage and protection they provide.nShould always be worn over rubber insulating gloves to provide the mechanical protection needed against cuts, abrasions, and punctures. Ele

30、ctrical Hazard ProtectionsnPersonal Protective EquipmentnUse, store and maintain your electrical PPE in a safe, reliable condition.nWear nonconductive head protection wherever there is a danger of head injury from electric shock or burns due to contact with exposed energized parts. nWear protective

31、equipment for the eyes or face wherever there is danger of injury to the eyes or face from electric arcs or flashes or from flying objects resulting from electrical explosion.Electrical Hazard ProtectionsnPersonal Protective EquipmentnElectrical PPE with any of the following defects may not be used:

32、nIf holes, tears, punctures, or cuts are present.nTexture changes: Swelling, softening, hardening, or becoming sticky or inelastic.nAn embedded foreign object.nAny other defect that damages the insulating properties.Work PracticesnEmployees and others working with electric equipment need to use safe

33、 work practices. nPlan your work by yourself and with others.nAllows you to coordinate your work and take advantage of what others know about identifying and controlling hazards.nLock out and Tag out circuits and equipment.nShut off the circuit.nLock and tag out the circuit at the distribution panel

34、.nTest the circuit to make sure its de-energized. Work PracticesnDo not work in wet conditions.nAvoid overhead power lines.nYou should be at least 10 feet away from high-voltage transmission lines. nUse proper wiring and connectorsnAvoid overloading circuits.nTest GFCIs monthly.nMake sure switches a

35、nd insulation are in good condition.nNever use a three prong plug with the third prong broken off.Work PracticesnUse and maintain tools properly.nInspect tools before using them.nDamaged tools must be removed from service.nKeep tool and cords away from heat, oil and sharp objects.nUsing appropriate

36、personal protective equipmentnWear safety glasses to avoid eye injury.nWear proper foot protection.nWear a hard hat.nFollow the manufacturers directions for cleaning/maintaining PPE.How to Respond/Report a ProblemnDo not panic; remain calmnIn the event of a personal injury:nCall 911 immediatelynIf a

37、 person is being shocked, turn of the source of electricitynDo not touch someone being shockednRemove the person away from the electrical source using a non-conductive materialnCall Security at X4111 and EH&S at X4150nNotify your supervisorHow to Respond/Report a ProblemnIn the event of an electrica

38、l fire:nActivate the fire alarm systemnDo not use a Type A, water extinguishernIf you know how to use an extinguisher, use a CO2 or dry chemical fire extinguishernAlert everyone in the area to evacuatenNotify Security at X4111 and EH&S at X4150nIf you are not sure about using a fire extinguisher, le

39、ave the area and close any doors behind you nWait for the Fire Dept. personnel to arriveSupervisor ResponsibilitiesnReview project carefully with your workers, unless they are routine assignmentsnEmphasize safety practicesnTrain workers on area-specific policies and proceduresnCheck your employees work practices to ensure compliancenCheck the