常用介詞的原始概念及引申意義說課材料

1、僅供學(xué)習(xí)與參考學(xué)習(xí)資料常用介詞的原始概念及部分引申意義about表示地點(diǎn)：在周圍，在各處，在附近”Dontthrowwastepaperabout.Wetooktheforeignfriendaboutthegarden.表示時(shí)間、程度：“大約，近于”Thetreeisabout10meterstall.Thebuswillleaveatabout8:30.表示客體關(guān)系：“對(duì)于，關(guān)于，有關(guān)”Whatdoyoutalkaboutthesubject?Whatisshesohappyabout？above表示位置，職業(yè)，數(shù)量，年齡等：“在上方，在之上，超過”Thetemperatureisabov

2、e8Ctoday.ThereisamapofChinaabovetheblackboard.Abirdisflyingabovethewoods.引申義：表示品質(zhì)，行為能力等方面“超過，超出之外”；“因太（難好）而不”Theproblemisaboveme.Jimisabovealltheotherboysinhisclass.反義詞below用法基本相同。at表示時(shí)間：“在（時(shí)刻、鐘點(diǎn)、歲數(shù)）等Themeetingwillbeginat9:00tomorrow.表示地點(diǎn)：在（指小地方）atthefoodofthehillatNO.248in/onGuangmingRoad表示動(dòng)作方向：“針對(duì)

3、，朝，向”Hethrewastoneatthewindow.Lookatpointat表示狀態(tài)：在之中”atworkatmeetingatdeskattable表示原因：Hewassurprisedatmywords.Theyweresadathearingthemews.Hewasgladatwhatherbrotherhadsaid.after表示時(shí)間和空間：“在之后”Hegoesonworkingdayafterday.Dontworkatonceaftermeals.Afteryou!你先請(qǐng)引申意義：“追求”Whoisheafter?他在追求誰？5agaist:“反對(duì)，違背”Thema

4、nisstandingagainstthewall.WewillhavematchagainstClass3tomorrow.6.before表示時(shí)間：“在之前、以前”thedaybeforeyesterday表示位置：“在前面、當(dāng)著的面”Thereisachairbeforethebed.7.along：“沿著/順著”Walkalongtheroadandyouwillfindthecinema.8among：among:在之中，between:在（兩者）之間behind：表示地點(diǎn)，位置：在背后，在后面Thereisatreebehindmyhouse.表示時(shí)間：遲于、晚于、落后于Hisid

5、easarebehindthetimes.beside在旁邊，在附近Themanwhoisstandingbesidemyfatherismyuncle.Thereisabeautifulparkbesidethehotel.11.besidesexceptbut用法區(qū)別Besides表示“除之外還有”；except和but近義，表示“除之外沒有”BesidestheSpringFestival,Mid-autumnDayisalsoanimportanttraditionalfestivalinChina.ThismorningnobodywaslateforschoolexceptTim.

6、（Timwaslateforschool）by表示地點(diǎn)：在旁邊，在身邊Comeandsitbyme!Thereisahousebytheriver.表示方式，手段：“靠，用，通過”Heusuallygoestoschoolbybus.（bybike,bycar,byair,byship,byboat）表示時(shí)間：到為止（常用于完成時(shí)態(tài)中）Bytheendofthisyear,wehaveplantedmorethantwothousandtrees.ThemeetinghadbeenonfortenminutesbythetimeIgotthere.表示動(dòng)作方向，位置：經(jīng)過，沿著Igobyhis

7、officeeverymorning.Theywentonbythehill-road.down沿著向下（副詞：朝下，向下）falldown,getdown,godownthestreetduring在期間FatherChristmaswillcomeduringthenightbeforeChristmasfor表示行為目的，對(duì)象：為，替（代），對(duì)于youcanhavearest,Iwilldoitforyou.Weeatforliving,butlivingisnotforeating.學(xué)習(xí)資料IwentshoppingformotherlastSunday.“限定于，供用的”JamesH

8、erriotisafamousdoctorforanimals.Herearesomebooksforchildren.Thisisalitterforyou.Thisfoodisforlunch.“就而言，至于”Thatsallforthisclass.ItistoocoldforSeptemberhere.表示目的，去向：“向，往，去”ThetrainwillleaveforShanghaiat2oclock.Letsgooutforawalk.表示原因：Hewaslateforschoolforthebadweather.表示時(shí)間，距離，數(shù)量：“計(jì)達(dá)”Themanhasbeenherfo

9、ralongtime.WehavestudiesinWunXuMiddleSchoolforthreeyears.from：表示起點(diǎn)來源：從，從起，從來ThisscientistisfromBeijing.HowfaritfromheretoGuilin?Theletterisfrommybrother.in：在里表示地點(diǎn)：場(chǎng)所：“在里，在上”Iliveinschool.Thereisabookinhishand.表示狀態(tài)：情況，境遇，服飾等“處于之中”Sheisinredtoday.（Sheiswearingredclothestoday.）Irarqwasinwarthreeyearsag

10、o.表示時(shí)間：在期間，在以后，在以內(nèi)Iwillbebackintwodays.Youmustfinishtheworkintwodays.Afterthreeyears,hewenttoPariswithhisfamily.“in+段時(shí)間”：以當(dāng)前時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)多長時(shí)間之后（現(xiàn)在將來）“after+段時(shí)間”：以過去某時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)多長時(shí)間之后（過去將來）表示范圍，領(lǐng)域：在方面，在之內(nèi)IamweakinEnglishandMath.表示方式：以，用SayitinEnglish,please.Io表示動(dòng)作方向“到里”Hefellintotheri

11、ver.Thechildrenwentintotheclassroomandbegantheirclass.表示變化狀態(tài)：成為，轉(zhuǎn)入，變成ChangethesentencesintoEnglish,please.Therainturnedintosnowquickly.19.1ike：像（注意與行為動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別）Helooks（is）likehisbrotherverymuch.他很象他的兄弟。Helikeshisparentsverymuch他非常愛他的父母。20.near表示時(shí)間，空間：靠近，在旁邊，快要Tomissittingnearthewindow.Heisneartwenty.21

12、.of:原始概念為：“屬于，來源，構(gòu)成”等表示從屬關(guān)系：“的”，“關(guān)于的”Thisisamapoftheworld.Thewalloftheroomwillbepaintedagaintomorrow.Thecoverofthebookisgreen.表示同位關(guān)系：thecityofGuangzhouthemonthofMay22.off表示距離：從離開（脫離，去掉），與隔離takeoff/putoffsetoff/hurryoff/Keepoffthegrass!23.on表示地點(diǎn)：在上（與向接觸）Theclockisonthewall.Onthefloorisafootball.表示時(shí)間：

13、在（某日，星期，節(jié)日，某日的或特定的早上、上午，下午，晚上）onMonday/onMayDay/ChristmasOnasunnymorning,oursportsmeetingbegan.引申意義：從事于，處于情況之中Heisondutytoday.Wewerestillonourschooltriplastweek.MyunclehasgonetoNewZealandonbusiness.表示關(guān)系：論及，關(guān)于on關(guān)于（科學(xué)性、學(xué)術(shù)性的問題或內(nèi)容）about關(guān)于（一般的事物）Theprofessorwillgiveusatalkoncomputertechnologythisafternoo

14、n.24.over表示地點(diǎn)：在正上方，在上面（不接觸）Theskyisoverourhead.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.引申意義：遍及（復(fù)習(xí)、檢查），從頭到尾，到處TheGreatWallisfamousallovertheworld.（lookover/goover）25.past表示動(dòng)作方向：從旁邊經(jīng)過Ialwayswalkedpastthebeautifullakeonmywaytoschool.表示時(shí)間、年齡數(shù)量、程度、行動(dòng)范圍、能力等“超過，越過”學(xué)習(xí)資料Heisaboypasttwelve.Tenpastnine(9:10)26.round和around

15、(意義基本一致)表示動(dòng)作方向，趨向：圍繞著，繞著，向四周Theearthtravelsaround/roundthesun.Weshowedthevisitoraround/roundtheschoolyard.Weshowedthevisitoraroundintheschoolyard.(around是副詞)表示地點(diǎn)：在周圍，在附近，在各處Hetookalookaroundhimandstoodtherecalmly.trough表示空間：穿過，通過，貫穿Therivergoesthroughthetownfromeasttowest.Theroadthroughthefieldslead

16、stoachurch.Lookinthroughthewindow!表示時(shí)間：從開始到結(jié)束，從頭到尾Theyworkedthroughthenight.Thegirlcouldntsitthroughthelongmeeting.表示方式，手段原因等：經(jīng).，由于，以，通過WecanlearnEnglishthroughaTVoracomputer.注意區(qū)分through和across：through表示從物體內(nèi)部、中間通過、經(jīng)過。across表示從物體表面通過、經(jīng)過。to表示動(dòng)作方向：至U，向，往Iamgoingtothezoo.Pointingtothepicture,hetoldusanu

17、nusualstoryhimselfinthevillage.TheGreenshavemovedtoShanghai.表示間接關(guān)系：給，于PleasegivethebooktoJames.Withthehelpofthemanmadesatellites,wecansendmessagetotheothersideoftheworld.表示時(shí)間，程度：到為止，在之前，到程度Wewillfighttotheend.Itisnowfivetosix.(5:55)表示方向，位置：在，位于JapaneseistotheeastofChina.注意in、on、to表示方位時(shí)的區(qū)別：in表示描述對(duì)象在參

18、照對(duì)象范圍內(nèi)。on表示描述對(duì)象與參照對(duì)象范圍邊界相接觸。to表示描述對(duì)象和參照對(duì)象范圍是相離的。表示從屬關(guān)系“的”Thekeytothedoorismissed.Thekeystotheseexerciseareontheblackboard.29under表示位置：在下面(之下，之中，之內(nèi))FrancehadbeenundertheruleoftheRomforsometimeinthehistory.underthedesk/underthetreeandsoon表示級(jí)別，地位，數(shù)量，程度，年齡，價(jià)格等：“低于、少于”“在之下”，“未滿、不足”Thebookcanbesoldunder5yuan.Childrenundersixyearsoldcangetahalfdiscountoftheticket.up表示動(dòng)作方向：向上Heranquickupthestairs.WetraveleduptheChangjiangRiverlastyear.Hewentwithhismother.with表示共同關(guān)系：和在一起，同、跟Canyoucomeandstaywithusforsometime?Theteacherwithhisstudentsoften