2019高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)題Unit3Lifeinthefuture新人教版必修5

1、Lifeinthefuture李仕才一、閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsom

2、ehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthatthewormschewin

3、galonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,糊theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(狀物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmassapparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromthewormsstomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestud

4、y,saysthewormsabilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfoodbeeswaxalsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,sheexplains,Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasn

5、otinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreaking1downinthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?Bertocchiniagree

6、sandhopesherteamsfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocessnotsimplymillionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures

7、.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.2.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraisewormsB

8、.helpmakeplasticbags2C.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.【文章大意】本文為說明文。文章介紹了一種吃塑料的蟲子大蠟螟，它胃中的酶能夠降解塑料，這為解決塑料污染提

9、供了新的途徑。1.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saysthewormsabilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfoodbeeswaxalsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.可知，研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，蠕蟲分解日常食物的能力讓它們可以分解塑料，也就是說它們可以消費塑料。故選C。3.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocessnotsimplymillionsof

10、wormsthrownontopoftheplastic.可以推斷出，Bertocchini希望這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)將來能在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中使用，而不是僅僅依靠蠕蟲來分解塑料。故選D。34.C【解析】寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.可知，有一種新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialproces

11、snotsimplymillionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.可知，Bertocchini希望將這種方法推廣到工業(yè)中。由此可以推知寫作意圖為介紹一種分解塑料的方法。故選C。二、教材與語法填空根據(jù)教材課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。IwentintothefuturebecauseI1.(win)aprizethatgaveme2.tour.Isufferedfrom“timelag”whenIleftmyowntime.WangPinggavemesomegreentablets3.couldhelpmefeel4.(little

12、)nervousanduncertain.5.(he)parentscompany,6.(call)“FutureTours”，transportedme7.(safe)intothefutureinatimecapsule.ThefirstthingInoticedwasthepoorqualityoftheair,somyheadached.AndIfoundseveralthings8.(differently):amasktogivemeenoughoxygen;ahoveringcarriagedrivenbycomputer;astrangelookinghouse9.(belon

13、g)toWangPingsparents.Therethetreesactedaswallsandprovidedoxygen10.theroom;atable,somechairsandabedrosefromunderthefloorasifbymagic.答案：1.hadwon2.a3.which/that4.less5.His6called7.safely8.different9.belonging10.for三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。ALettertoMyDadFouryearsagowefoundoutabo

14、utthecancergrowinginsideyou.Youtoldmethenewsthatithadalreadyspreadandthatyoudidntknowhowlongyouhad_1_.Iwasstillatuniversity.Aparentdyingwassomethingthathappenedto_2_peoplepeopleolderthanme.Ispentthefirstfewmonthsin_3_.ForthefirsttimeIfelt_4_.IwishedIcouldjust_5_youandtakethecancerout.Buttherewasnoth

15、ingIcoulddo.，Wevebeen_6_.Youreactedwelltotreatmentandyourestillherethoughwedontknowforhowmuch_7_.4IvealwayswantedtosaythatIloveyou，andthatIm_8_foreverythingyouvegivenme.ButIcant.Itfeelslikeitisthisunwritten_9_inourfathersonrelationshipthat_10_it.Youreamanconservativeandguardedwithyour_11_.Youkeepthe

16、mtoyourselfand_12_otherstodothesame.ButIknowyou_13_.IveseenyourproudlookswhenIvetoldyouaboutmy_14_atworkandschoolovertheyears.Iveseenyour_15_whenthingshaventgonewell.Irememberalltheoffersofhelp.Iwishwecouldtalkaboutwhatwe_16_toeachother.Iwishyoucouldtellmeyoure_17_andIcouldtellyouIloveyou.Iwishthese

17、_18_conceptsofmasculinity(男子氣概)werentsodeeply_19_inbothofus.Maybewewillstillseeourwaytothat_20_beforeyougo.Butwhateverthecase，IjustneedtosayitIloveyou，andthankyou.1A.waitedBleftCsufferedDstayed2A.anyBfewCotherDall3A.doubtBangerCvainDshock4A.powerlessBnervousClostDbored5A.reachintoBturntoCstandbyDloo

18、kinto6A.confusedBluckyCactiveDhopeless7A.betterBdeeperClongerDfurther8A.eagerBgratefulCregretfulDdesperate9A.letterBwordCideaDrule10A.preventsBchangesCdestroysDtransforms11A.illnessesBfeelings5CbelongingsDopinions12A.requireBexpectCallowDpersuade13A.lieBunderstandCcareDfear14A.achievementsBdifficult

19、iesCgoalsDexperiences15A.powerBangerCcuriosityDconcern16A.haveBgiveCleaveDmean17A.conservativeBbraveCproudDhelpful18A.absurdBimportantCusefulDpopular19A.lostBtrappedCrootedDcovered20A.situationBsolutionCachievementDconversation【解題導(dǎo)語】你以為你對他的愛很深沉，這是你了解的；你不了解的是，他對你的愛比你的深沉一萬倍。對父母的愛，要怎么才說得出口？別太晚。如果沒有勇氣當(dāng)面

20、表達(dá)，就寫封信來告訴他。1B四年前作者發(fā)現(xiàn)父親身患癌癥，癌細(xì)胞已經(jīng)擴(kuò)散，因此，此處指不知道還能活多久。howlongyouhadleft是“你還剩下多長時間”的意思，left用作后置定語。故選B項。2C根據(jù)該空后的peopleolderthanme可判斷，作者以為父(母)親垂死這件事只會發(fā)生在比他年齡更大的人身上。故選C項。D3indoubt意為“懷疑”；inanger意為“生氣地”；invain意為“徒勞無益地”；inshock意為“震驚地；吃驚地”。聽到父親患癌這件事，作者當(dāng)然是長時間地感到震驚。故選D項。刷有所得方法：做完形填空題時，有些題要注意該空前后的介詞、副詞等。有時需要分別把選項

21、與前后的介詞、副詞相搭配，再判斷它們搭配后哪個短語的意思更符合上下文的邏輯。64A根據(jù)下文ButtherewasnothingIcoulddo.可知，作者什么都做不了，由此可推測，此處指作者感到無能為力。powerless意為“無能為力的”；nervous意為“緊張不安的；焦慮的”；lost意為“迷路的；不知所措的”；bored意為“厭煩的；煩悶的”。根據(jù)語境可知選A項。5A根據(jù)下文andtakethecancerout可知，此處指作者希望可以進(jìn)入父親的身體拿走癌細(xì)胞。reachinto意為“伸進(jìn)；伸入”；turnto意為“轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于”；standby意為“袖手旁觀；支持”；lookinto

22、意為“調(diào)查”。故選A項。6B根據(jù)該空后面的Youreactedwelltotreatmentandyourestillhere可知，作者的父親對治療反應(yīng)很好并且依然還活著，所以作者一家感覺是幸運的(lucky)。故選B項。confused意為“困惑的；混亂的”；active意為“積極的”；hopeless意為“沒有希望的”。7C父親的治療效果很好，“我們”很幸運，雖然不知道父親還能堅持多久，但是他還活著。better意為“更好”；deeper意為“更深”；longer意為“更長久”；further意為“更遠(yuǎn)”。故選C項。8B根據(jù)設(shè)空后的everythingyouvegivenme可知，作者在此

23、表達(dá)對父親的感激之情。eager意為“渴望的；熱切的”；grateful意為“感激的”；regretful意為“遺憾的；后悔的”；desperate意為“絕望的”。故選B項。9D句意為：好像在我們的父子關(guān)系上就是這不成文的規(guī)則阻止了這句話被說出口。unwrittenrule意為“不成文的規(guī)則”，符合語境。故選D項。10A根據(jù)下文的Youreamanconservative和Youkeepthemtoyourself可知，父親很保守，所以這一不成文的規(guī)則阻止了父愛的表達(dá)。prevent意為“阻止；防止”；change意為“改變”；destroy意為“破壞；摧毀”；transform意為“使改觀；

24、使轉(zhuǎn)化”。故選A項。11Bguarded意為“謹(jǐn)慎的”，結(jié)合下文的Youkeepthemtoyourself可知，此處指父親是一個保守的、對情感(feelings)謹(jǐn)慎的人。conservativeandguardedwithyourfeelings作后置定語，修飾前面的aman。故選B項。illness意為“疾病”；belongings意為“所有物”；opinion意為“觀點”。12B根據(jù)前文對父親的描述conservative,guardedwithyour_可知，父親收斂自己的感情，希望別人也這樣做。require意為“要求”；expect意為“期望；盼望”；allow意為“允許”；pe

25、rsuade意為“勸說；說服”。故選B項。13C根據(jù)下文的Iveseenyourproudlooks可知，父親是很在意兒子的。lie意為“撒謊”；understand意為“理解”；care意為“在意；在乎”；fear意為“害怕”。故選C項。714A根據(jù)前面的yourproudlooks可知，父親自豪的應(yīng)該是作者取得的成就(achievements)。故選A項。difficulty意為“困難”；goal意為“目標(biāo)”；experience意為“經(jīng)歷”。15D根據(jù)設(shè)空后的whenthingshaventgonewell及Irememberalltheoffersofhelp.可知，當(dāng)事情進(jìn)展不順利時

26、，父親會主動提供幫助，因此可知，父親是關(guān)心兒子的。power意為“力量；權(quán)力”；anger意為“憤怒；生氣”；curiosity意為“好奇心”；concern意為“擔(dān)心；憂慮”。故選D項。16D結(jié)合下文Iwishyoucouldtellmeyoure_andIcouldtellyouIloveyou.可知，作者希望父親能夠告訴他父親是如何想的，作者也能告訴父親作者愛他。由此可推測，此處指作者希望能夠與父親談?wù)撍麄儗Ρ舜艘馕吨?mean)什么。故選D項。17C根據(jù)上文的yourproudlooks可知，此處指作者希望父親能夠告訴他父親為他而自豪。conservative意為“守舊的；保守的”；b

27、rave意為“勇敢的”；proud意為“驕傲的；自豪的”；helpful意為“有幫助的”。故選C項。18A根據(jù)上一題解析及空后的masculinity可知，此處指作者希望這些荒謬的大男子觀念不會在他和父親的心中根深蒂固。absurd意為“荒唐的；可笑的”，符合語境。故選A項。important意為“重要的”；useful意為“有用的”；popular意為“流行的”。19C根據(jù)語境可知，此處指作者希望這樣的大男子觀念不要根深蒂固。lostin意為“迷失在”；trappedin意為“陷入”；rootedin意為“植根于；深植于”；coveredin意為“被覆蓋”故選C項。20D根據(jù)上文的talka

28、bout可知，此處指作者與父親的談話(conversation)。故選D項。四、教材與話題寫作()用本單元所學(xué)知識完成下列句子。1隨著科技的發(fā)展，我對未來生活持樂觀態(tài)度。(beoptimisticabout)答案：Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,Iamoptimisticaboutlifeinthefuture.2到那時我們生活的環(huán)境更舒適、美麗。(surroundings)答案：Bythattime,thesurroundingswherewelivewillbemorecomfortableandbeautiful.3太陽能、風(fēng)能將會被充分

29、利用，海水也會轉(zhuǎn)變成能源，人們再也不用擔(dān)心缺乏能源。(beswitchedinto;lackofenergy)答案：Peoplewillnotworryaboutlackofenergyanylongerbecausesolarenergyand8windenergywillhavebeenmadefulluseofandseawaterwillbeswitchedintoenergyaswell.4我們不但被提供豐富的衣食，而且我們可以花費更多的時間周游世界。(notonly.butalso;provide.with)答案：Wewillnotonlybeprovidedwithenoughfoodandclothing,butwecanalsospendmoretimetravellingaroundtheworld.5正是因為工作效率更高了，我們在工作學(xué)習(xí)上的壓力將會更小。(efficiently;stress)答案：Wewillhavelessstresseitherfromourstudyorworkbecausewecanworkmoreefficiently.()將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過渡自然。五、下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五處錯誤