傳動機構(gòu)的裝配課件

1、輪子的校準 Alignment Before they can be put into use, the wheels of chain wheel, toothed wheel and belt transmissions must first be aligned. This alignment is also called squaring.使用前，凡鏈輪，齒輪和皮帶等各種傳動裝置的輪子都首先必須校準其位置。這種位置找正也稱為校直。Well-aligned wheels ensure long and good operation of the transmission.One of t

2、he first requirements for good operation of the transmission is that the transmission wheels are assembled in a correct position with respect to each other. When this is the case, we can say that the wheels are squared. 校準良好的輪子可保證傳動裝置能長期和良好的運行。傳動裝置良好運行的首要條件之一就是；傳動輪彼此間裝配位置正確。做到這點后，才可說全部輪子均已校直.The con

3、sequence of this sort of bad alignment is that the pulleys can start to score and break, etc. Also, chain and toothed wheel transmissions quickly display wear on the teeth and chain.此種不良位置校準的后果是皮帶及輪開始擦傷和損壞。如是鏈輪或齒輪傳動，則鏈上或齒上迅速出現(xiàn)磨損。調(diào)整程序 Procedure Slide the shafts so that the chain wheels are square to

4、each other.Use a straightedge to check the alignment of the chain wheels.滑動各個軸，使各個鏈輪都彼此間校直。使用直尺來檢查各個鏈輪的位置找正狀態(tài)。Horizontal alignment Use a dial gauge to determine the largest and the smallest sideways deviation of the chain wheel (i.e. oscillation of the chain wheel). Place these points horizontally o

5、pposite each other. Do this with the small chain wheel as well. All points are now in a neutral line so that the measurement is not affected.使用百分表來找到鏈輪側(cè)向偏差量最大和最小的點（即：鏈輪的擺動），將這些點處于水平，對于小型鏈輪也需這樣做。當全部點都已處在一條中心線上，因此不會影響側(cè)量值。 Vertical alignment Measure with straightedge above and below the neutral line. I

6、f you measure a difference between the top and bottom sides, then correct by means of filling below the bearing block. The maximum deviation is 0,10 mm. 在中心線上方和下方，用直尺進行測量。如果在頂部和底部之間測量出差值，則可用在軸承組件下填入填片的方法來校正。最大偏差量為0.10mm。可能的偏移 Possible deviation The chain wheel of the motor is the reference face. If:

7、- The straightedge point a just touches and point b does not, we must fill the front.- The straightedge point b just touches and point a does not, we must fill the rear.The difference between points a and b is the measurement difference. 以電動機的鏈輪作為基準面。如果：直尺的a點剛好觸及，面b點不觸及，則必須將前側(cè)填起。直尺的b點剛好觸及，面a點不觸及，則必須

8、將后側(cè)填起。 a點和b點的差就是測量得的差值。 We can calculate the thickness of the filling with the following formula:用下列公式，可計算出填片的厚度： MA MV = VA VRewriting the formula gives:將公式改寫成： where:MA = measured distance測量到的距離 MV = measured difference測量到的差值 VA = filling distance填片間距離 V = the thickness of the filling.填片的厚度Example

9、 Here:- MA=400mm- MV=0,3mm at b V is now:- VA = 534 mmBecause point b did not touch, we will have to fill it by 0,4 mm at the front.因為b點尚不能觸及，應(yīng)將0.4mm填入前側(cè)。When the wheels are in the correct position, tighten the bearing blocks well.待輪子均已處于正確位置后，即可旋緊軸承組件。 主要類型 main groups齒形傳動鏈（無聲鏈） Toothed chain彎板滾子傳動

10、鏈 （彎板鏈）Steel bolt chain 套筒滾子鏈Roller chain 鏈傳動Chain transmission 鏈的結(jié)構(gòu) Parts of a Chain1.Hardened steel roller滾子2.Bush套筒 3.Outside link外鏈片4.Steel pin 銷軸5.Inside link 內(nèi)鏈片6.Spring clip 彈簧卡片7.Joining link 連接鏈片8.Pitch 節(jié)距鏈條的張緊Chain TensionThe chain must be replaced if the chain has become 3% longer than th

11、e original length.如果鏈條伸長已超過其原有長度3%時，必須將此鏈條更換下。 鏈的連接 Joining the chain Fit the spring clip with combination pliers.Make sure that the closed part of the spring clip points in the direction of movement of the chain. 裝配彈性鎖片時可使用尖咀鉗。應(yīng)確保彈性鎖片的不開口部分朝向鏈條的運動方向。裝配原則 Assembly rules Good operation and lifetime o

12、f the chain and the chain wheel depend mainly on the following points during the assembly:鏈條和鏈輪的良好運行和使用壽命主要決定于裝配過程中的下列各點： A correct alignment of the chain wheels. 鏈輪的位置經(jīng)良好的校準。 The correct chain tension.鏈條的張緊適宜。 A good position of the chain in the cogs of the chain wheel.鏈條與鏈輪的正確嚙合。 A free-running ch

13、ain. The chain must be prevented from rubbing against anything, e.g. a chain guard. 鏈條運行自由靈活。嚴禁和它物（例如：鏈條罩殼）相擦碰。 Good lubrication.潤滑狀態(tài)良好。 The correct placing of a chain tensioner: this must always be assembled on the unloaded part of the chain. 鏈條張緊輪安裝正確：永遠將其裝配在鏈條的無負載部分。 齒輪傳動 Gear transmission 1.Pitc

14、h circle 分度圓2.Addendum 齒頂3.Dedendum circle 齒根圓4.Addendum circle 齒頂圓5.Pitch 齒距6.Tooth height 全齒高7.Dedendum 齒根8.Tooth width 齒寬9.Flank 齒側(cè)齒側(cè)間隙 Flank clearance The size of the flank clearance depends on:- The modulus.模數(shù) - The centre distance of the shafts. 軸的中心距 - The dimensional accuracy of the gear whe

15、els. 齒輪的尺寸精度 Field of application of the transmission. 傳動的應(yīng)用范圍 側(cè)隙的等級clearance classClearance class 1 側(cè)隙等級1This is used when the operation must meet very high accuracy requirements. We currently find this clearance class with measuring instruments and clamping tables for workpieces with machine tools

16、.用于有很高精確度要求時，我們可以將工件夾緊在工作臺上用測量儀器測量工件的側(cè)隙等級。Clearance class 2 側(cè)隙等級2This is used when the operation must meet more than normal accuracy requirements. This clearance class can be applied, for example, when the direction of rotation is reversed and no “jolting” may occur. 用于一般精確度以上的要求時，該側(cè)隙等級可用于旋轉(zhuǎn)方向為雙向和沒有

17、震動發(fā)生時。 Clearance class 3 側(cè)隙等級3This is the most usual clearance class for general mechanical engineering. 通常用于普通的機械工程.Clearance class 4側(cè)隙等級4This is used if large differences are expected in temperature between gear wheels and housing.可用于當齒輪和外殼的溫度有很大差異時。Clearance class 5側(cè)隙等級5This is used, for example,

18、 with “open” machines, whereby there is always a chance that contamination can get between the teeth.用于開式機械中齒輪間常有污染物存在的場合。 Therefore, to look up the flank clearance in the table, three values are required:因此,可以根據(jù)3個數(shù)值查看齒側(cè)間隙表.- The clearance class.間隙等級- The centre distance.中心距 - The modulus. 模數(shù)齒側(cè)間隙的檢查

19、 Check on flank clearance The flank clearance can be measured with: 用下列方法測量齒側(cè)間隙 - A lead wire.鉛絲 - A dial gauge.百分表- A feeler gauge. 塞尺Measure the flank clearance in four different positions. Turn the wheels 90 each time. In this way, you can ascertain oscillation or eccentricity faults.每次轉(zhuǎn)到輪子90度，在四

20、個位置測量齒側(cè)間隙，通過這種方法，可以確定擺動或偏心誤差。 In the relevant practical set-ups, the clearance is measured with the aid of a lead wire.在有關(guān)的實際操作中，可以用鉛絲來測量間隙： Measure the flank clearance as follows:- Take two pieces of lead wire with a thickness of 0,5 mm, for example. The two pieces of lead wire must be equally thic

21、k. Never take a too thick lead wire. 例如：取兩根0.5mm的鉛絲,注意不能太粗.- Place the lead wire on the ends of a tooth (see drawing). 在齒寬兩端的齒面上平行放置兩條鉛絲.- Turn the teeth of both wheels so that they engage and the lead wire is flattened. The lead wire must be flattened in one go. Do not turn the gear wheels backward

22、s and forwards. 轉(zhuǎn)動齒輪的齒，使鉛絲扁平，鉛絲必須在一個方向上轉(zhuǎn)動后壓平，齒輪不能來回轉(zhuǎn)動。- Measure the thickness of the flattened lead wire with a micrometer gauge. 用千分尺測量扁鉛絲的厚度- If the flank clearance (thickness of the flattened lead wire) is not correct, the position of the shafts must be changed.如果齒側(cè)間隙（扁鉛絲的厚度）不正確，必須調(diào)整軸的位置。 齒形帶傳動 G

23、EARED BELT TRANSMISSIONThe geared belt transmission is not based on friction (as with a V-belt transmission). The geared belt transmission closely resembles a chain transmission. The geared belt is a flat belt that has teeth on the inside. The teeth have a special shape and engage in the teeth of th

24、e geared toothed belt pulleys. This gives a slip-free transmission. 齒形帶傳動是不依賴于磨擦力（這點與V型皮帶傳送不同）并類似于鏈傳動的一種傳動。齒形帶是內(nèi)側(cè)有齒的扁平皮帶，這些齒有特殊的形狀，并與齒形帶帶輪的齒嚙合，這是無滑動傳動。 目的 Purpose geared belt transmissions are intended to transfer a rotating movement from one shaft to another shaft.齒形帶傳送就是把旋轉(zhuǎn)運動從一個軸傳至另一個軸 .應(yīng)用范圍 Field

25、 of application - robots;機器人- car engines;汽車發(fā)動機- pick and place units;拾取裝置- motorcycles (as replacement for a tooth wheel/chain transmission)摩托車 - etc. 等等優(yōu)點與缺點Advantages & Disadvantages can work at a higher speed than a belt transmission (sometimes even 10,000 rpm); 工作速度可以比帶傳動更高（有時可達100,000rpm） can

26、have small dimensions because the distance between centres of the shafts is small; 中心距小, 尺寸小。 has a long lifetime, providing it is properly assembled; 壽命長(如果它能正確安裝的話)。 works with low noise, also at high speeds; 低噪音工作，速度快 . can transfer much power; 可以傳送更大的動力 has no problems with slip. 沒有滑動現(xiàn)象。 A geare

27、d belt transmission has no disadvantages, because all good characteristics of belt, chain and gear transmissions are present.齒形帶傳送沒有缺點，因為它集皮帶、鏈和齒輪傳送的所有優(yōu)點。 Geared belts are made of an artificial rubber (neoprene) or plastic (polyurethane) encapsulation, containing:齒形帶是由人工橡膠（氯丁橡膠）或塑料(聚氨酯)制成，在其中含：- cor

28、ds of high quality steel;高質(zhì)量的鋼繩 cords of glass fibre. 玻璃纖維繩-There is a protective layer of nylon over the encapsulation. The whole is vulcanised to form an endless belt (a circle has no beginning and no end, i.e. endless). Vulcanisation is the heating of the rubber with sulphur and carbon, etc. added to it. 在外表上有一層尼龍保護層，這是硬化而形成沒有接頭的皮帶（即沒有開端和尾部的圓圈），硬化是將硫和碳等加到加熱的橡膠中。齒形帶的設(shè)計Design of geared belts 帶的磨損 Wear of the belt The same applies to wear as to Vbelts. Wear makes the belt less strong and it can transmit less power or break. Indications,