2022年人教版英語必修五知識點

1、必修五 unit5 知識點詳解1 Aid (v) 幫助 ; 援助 =help sb 幫助某人去做 . aid sb to do在 事幫助某人aid sb in He aided me in business. I aided her to continue her study. At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor. n /U/幫助 ; 援助 在某人的幫助下 with the aid of 為了幫助 in aid ofTeachers give their lessons with the aid of computers. He rais

2、ed money in aid of the sick. 知識拓展：give/offer aid 援助 come to sb.s aid 幫助某人 cut off aid （突然）終止援助 a hearing aid 助聽器 teaching aids 教具 medical aid 醫(yī)療救護2. temporary 暫時的，臨時的temporary relief from pain 短暫的解痛 temporary work/ solution 臨時工作 /解決辦法 3. fall ill fall+ adj. ill asleep awake sick silent 4 get+過去分詞 表被

3、動或狀態(tài)The computer got damaged when we were moving. My bike is getting repaired now. My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball. Peter and Mary got married last year. get done get injured 受傷 get dressed穿衣服 get damaged 遭到破壞 get changed 改變 get married 結(jié)婚 get infected 被感染 get broken 被弄破 get los

4、t 迷失，走失5 injure v. injury to sth. （部位）的傷 injuries to the legs got injured injury injured hurt 肉體，精神上的傷害（一般用語），疼痛 injure 意外或事故而受傷 wound 指外傷（刀、槍、劍傷）6. bleed-blood-bloody (v.) (n.) (adj.) His nose was bleeding. = He was bleeding at the nose .= He has a bloodynose. 他在流鼻血。bleed for 為 而流血 , 悲痛 bleed to de

5、ath 出血過多而死 lose blood 流血、失血 flesh and blood 血肉之軀 7. choke vi. & vt. 窒息 ; 阻塞 She choked with emotion. 她激動得說不出話來。The smoke almost choked me. 煙嗆得我?guī)缀醮怀鰵鈦?。At the bad news, he couldnt choke back his tear 聽到這則噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼淚。 The man gave a few chokes and then got his breath.那個男人噎了幾下才喘過氣來。8.essential adj. 最

6、重要的，不可缺少的，本質(zhì)的 1)Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops. 陽光和水是農(nóng)作物生長不可缺的。 2)It is essential for us to set our study goal. 我們有必要來設(shè)定我們的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。3)It is essential that you (should) win the voters hearts.贏得選民的信任是至關(guān)重要的。- 當(dāng)用 it 充當(dāng)主語而用它充當(dāng)表語時，that 從句的謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形。9. You have three layers of skin

7、 which act as a barrier against disease, act as 作為 .barrier 屏障 ,障礙物 ,隔閡 You should show the ticket at the barrier. The language barrier 10 poison n./vt. 毒藥，毒害；毒害，使中毒eg:1)Poisons must be put out of children s reach.毒藥一定要放在孩子們夠不到的地方。2)This matter will make some poison to the crops. 這種物質(zhì)會對莊稼造成毒害。3)Book

8、s of this kind can make poison to children. 這類書會對兒童造成毒害。 4)Heroin has poisoned a lot of people. 海洛因毒害了很多人。5)The polluted water in the river poisoned people here. 污染了的河水使這兒的人中毒。-poisonous adj. 有毒 (害)的 eg: This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities. 11.protect against/ from保護 不受 的損害preven

9、t from doing阻止protect your eyes from strong light to protect you against cold prevent them from getting married prevent sb. (from) doing stop sb. (from) doing keep sb. from doing 12. sense (n. & v.) five senses：sense of smell sense of hearing the sixth sense sense of touch sense of sight sense of ta

10、ste sense of humour、duty、direction The man has no common sense . (無常識 ) What he said made no sense.(沒道理 ) sense (v.) 感覺到Although she didnt say anything, I sensed that she didnt like the idea.(我感覺到她不喜歡這個主意）13.So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious . 該句是一個主從復(fù) 合句，主句為： S

11、o if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious ；從句為： as you can imagine. as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代后面的內(nèi)容，有“ 正如 ” 或“就象 ” 的意思；它所引的從句位置較靈活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。另外，該句的主句中還含有一個if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。請看類似的句子：As you can see, if they are not properly protected, the farmlands will become desserts sooner or later. 正如你所看到的，這些農(nóng)田如果保護不當(dāng)

12、遲早會變成沙漠。as we all know = as is known to all as we expect = as is expected as everybody can see as you can imagine 14.various 不同的，各種各樣的 There are various colors to choose from. vary vi 1. (in sth) be different in size, volume, strength, etc(體積、容積、力量等)呈現(xiàn)不同Opinions vary on this point. 15. vary (with st

13、h); (from sth to sth) change , esp according to some factor 改變 , 變動 , 變化（尤指伴隨某種因素而產(chǎn)生）Prices vary with seasons. 物價隨季節(jié)而變動Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression. 她的情緒由樂觀一變而為極度消沉variety n. 變化，多樣性，種類 We all need variety in our diet. 我們都需要飲食多樣化 The shopping center sells a variety of goods a v

14、ariety of+ 名詞 ,謂語動詞的數(shù)和后面的名詞保持一致 16.depend on 取決于 ,依賴 ,依靠 ,信賴 ,信任His whole family depends on him他全家都靠他養(yǎng)活. He is a man to be depended on 他是個可以信賴的人 dependent ( adj. ) dependence ( n. ) independent ( adj. ) independence (n.) 17. mild-milder-mildest-mildly Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused b

15、y touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment. mild 在這個句子中的意思是“ 輕微的、不嚴重的”。如： Edward suffered from a mild heart attack. 愛德華犯了輕微的心臟病。 mild 還可以表示 “溫和的、暖和的；味淡的” 如： Shes the mildest person I have ever met in my life. 她是我平生見到過的最溫柔的人了a mild climate 溫暖的天氣 mild cheese 淡味奶酪18. 詞語辨析 : electric 電的 ,發(fā)電的 ,由電產(chǎn)生

16、的 ,用于導(dǎo)電的 . electrical 有關(guān)電的 ,與電有關(guān)的 . electricity 電 ,電力 . 電力學(xué) electric generator 發(fā)電機 , electric cooker 電爐 , electric iron 電熨斗 , electric engineer 電機工程師19.swell vt./vi. Swell swelled/ swelled swollen 使膨脹，使 (力量，數(shù)目等 )增長，使壯大，The wind swelled the sails. 風(fēng)使船帆鼓起。His injured wrist began to swell (up). 他那受傷的手腕

17、開始腫起。Her face swelled up with toothche. The wind swelled into a storm. 風(fēng)力漸增，終于形成一場暴風(fēng)雨。a small business swelled into a big company. 壯大4)Never swell with pride when you make some contributions. swell with pride/anger 得意洋洋、怒氣沖沖 The doctor examined the swelling on my back. swollen adj. 腫脹的 His eyelid is

18、 swollen. 他眼皮腫了。20.stick stick sth. to sth. 粘住 Stick the glue to my fingers. stick to doing sth stick to 堅持stick to ones view 堅持自己的觀點有了貢獻不要沾沾自喜。21. jewellery=jewelry 珠寶 (總稱 ) 不可數(shù) jewel 可數(shù)，珠寶，珍視的人、物 jewel jewellery jewels She appeared at the reception wearing her finest jewels. She locked her jewels

19、in the jewellery box. 22.Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. 水-y 是個形容詞后綴。如：windy 有風(fēng) hilly 多小山的 sleepy 困倦的 greeny 略呈綠色的 spicy 辛辣的 woody 樹木茂密的 23. unbearable 不能忍受的 un 不能 .,無法 . 立即用涼水給傷口沖涼，但不要用冰unforgettable uncertain unbelievable uncomfortable unwilling unfair unfortunate unusual unfit

20、 unlike 24. squeeze 擠；壓；塞 squeezesth. into sth. 把 塞進 squeezesth. from/ out of sth. 擠出 squeezethrough 擠過 squeezesth. out of sb. 敲詐逼某人說出 I squeezed myself onto the crowded train. He squeezed everything into a suitcase. She watched her grandma squeeze the juice out of a lemon attentively Although I am

21、busy, I still can squeeze you in at 10 oclockThose blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him. 那些勒索者打算向他榨取更 多錢。I ll never give in to you, and you can squeeze nothing out of me The little boy is squeezing the toothpaste from the tube onto the toothbrush 25. over and over again List some p

22、hrases or words that have similar meaning over and over again and again repeatedly now and again over and again from time to time Sometimes many times now and then At times 26. Hold the bandage in place with tape. 用膠布把繃帶固定。in place 在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤?。如：The librarian put the returned books in place. 圖書館員把還回的圖書放到

23、原處。Youd better put things back in place.你最好把你的東西放回原位。Her dress was out of place at the ceremony.（不得體 ,不適當(dāng)）in place 還有 “準(zhǔn)備就緒 ”的意思。如：The arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in place. 周六的音樂會已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備就緒。With everything in place, she started the slide show. 27.Pour 1. 倒,灌 ,注 She poured herself

24、another cup of tea. 她為自己又倒了一杯茶。2. 傾注 ;大量投入 ;大量生產(chǎn)They have poured money into the tourist industry. 3 傾吐 ,訴說他們已經(jīng)把大筆錢投入了旅游業(yè)。She often pours her troubles to friends. 她經(jīng)常向朋友們傾訴自己的苦惱。不及物動詞 vi. 1. 傾瀉 ,涌流 The crowd poured out of the concert hall. 人群從音樂廳涌出來。Sweat poured from Martins face. 馬丁臉上汗如雨下。2. 斟茶 Shal

25、l I pour? 我來斟茶好嗎 ? 3 (雨)傾盆而降 (+down) The rain poured steadily down. 大雨不停地傾盆而下。Pour cold water on/over 對 潑冷水 Pour oil on the flames 火上澆油 Pour oil on troubled waters 平息風(fēng)波Reading2 1 award, reward, prize award 指正式地或官方地頒發(fā)，授予，給予；也可以指法庭裁決給予。如：The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best stud

26、ent. 學(xué)校校長將歷史獎授予最出色的學(xué)生。reward “報答，報償，獎賞”，表示由于做了某事而應(yīng)該得到的東西。如：The fireman received a reward for saving the childs life. 因救了小孩的命，消防員提到一筆獎金。prize 獎賞，獎金，獎品”，尤指在比賽中獲得的榮譽。如：Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition. 參加我們報紙的競賽可以贏得數(shù)以百計的獎品。2.Honor n. (U) 榮譽，尊敬 ;名譽 It s a point of honor with me

27、 to reply all my debts promptly.(C) 引以為榮的人 /事，只用單數(shù)。(D) The successful launch of the “Shenzhou VI” is an honor to our country.do sb an honor /the honor （of doing sth ）使某人有特殊的榮幸 ,賞光Will you do me the honor of dining with me? in sbs /sth出于對 的敬意可否賞光和我一起吃飯？We are planning a big Christmas party in your ho

28、nor. 我們正籌備為你舉行一次盛大的圣誕晚會。in honor of，為紀念 ，為慶祝 A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war. 為了紀念在 戰(zhàn)爭中獻身的英雄們，建立了一座紀念碑。v.給予表揚（或獎勵、頭銜、稱號）1 honor sb/sth （ with sth ）The President honored us with a personal visit. 2 be honored for因 而受到尊敬 Dr Bethune was honored for his

29、 selfless work. 白求恩大夫由于他無私的工作而受到贊譽。3 be/feel honored that 很榮幸能做 I am honored that you should notice me. 我很榮幸您能注 意到我。 4 be/feel honored to do 很榮幸能做 。I am honored to be here with you. 能和你在這里我感到很榮幸。an honored guest 貴賓3 present v. Joan was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the brav

30、ery of the life of another. 1. 贈送 present + sth. +to +sb. 把某物送給某人 present + sb. +with sth. 贈送某人某物 正式介紹 2. introduce (sb) formally She presented her boyfriend to us. 她把男朋友介紹給我們。3. show 顯示 ,呈現(xiàn)a smiling face 顯出一張笑臉 4. 描述The characters in the novel are vividly adj. 作前置定語 , “目前的 ,現(xiàn)在的 ”作后置定語 , “出席的 ,在場的 t

31、he present members the members present n. gift 禮物 相關(guān)短語：the present day 今天 (=today) ed. 小說中人物被描寫得很生動 the present 現(xiàn)在 (相當(dāng)于名詞 ) at presentat the present timenow 現(xiàn)在 be present at 出席 ;到場 for the present 暫時 4).ceremony n. (C)典禮；儀式 (U)禮節(jié)；禮儀；客套 The wedding ceremony was beautiful. There is no need for ceremon

32、y between us. Expressions: stand on ceremony 拘泥禮節(jié)；講究客套 with ceremony 正式；隆重 without ceremony 不拘禮節(jié)地；隨便地The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony. 人們以最高規(guī)格的儀式歡迎國家首腦。5). John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 此句型中 when 作并列連詞相當(dāng)于and then 意為 ”正當(dāng) 時突然 ” ,常用于以下句型：be doing when正在做 突然 be

33、about to do when即將做 突然be on the point to do when正要去做 .突然 has/have/had done when 剛剛 這時 (突然 ) 6 cut ones finger 割破手指 have ones hair cut 理發(fā) cut expenses 減少費用 cut a class 逃學(xué) Was your salary cut? 你的薪水減少了嗎 ? 習(xí)慣用語：be cut out for 有做某事的天賦 ; 適合于 ; 與.相配合 short cut 捷徑 , 近路 (一般和 make, take 連用 ; 有時用作定語 ) draw cut

34、s 抽簽 cut about 亂切 , 亂砍 亂跑 cut at 向 .砍去 猛打 毀掉 cut away 切除 , 剪掉 匆匆跑掉 cut back(on) 減少 ; 剪短 ; 倒敘 ; 縮減 ; 中斷 ; cut down 削減 , 壓縮 砍倒 使喪命 比.強; 使.遜色 cut in 插進來說 , 插嘴 夾進來 , 夾塞 干預(yù) 超車 cut into 插進來 , 參加 (談話 ), 打斷 (別人的話 ); 減少 , 縮減 ; 切開 ; 侵犯 (利益 ) cut off 切斷 , 停掉隔絕 , 擋住 死掉使電話中斷切剪下來剝奪 (繼承權(quán) ) cut out 刪掉 停止 (機器 )失靈7.a

35、 number of+ 可數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，意為“ 許多，大量的 . .，the number of +可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，意為“ . . 的數(shù)量 ”eg:1)A number of problems have arisen. 已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了很多問題。2)The number of colleges has increased in the past 10 years. 在過去的十年里，大學(xué)的數(shù)量有所 增加。-其他表示 “許多，大量 ” 的短語：a great /good many a large /great /good/small number of +可數(shù)名詞 a good few /

36、quite a few many a much a great / good deal of a great / large amount of +不可數(shù)名詞 quite a little a lot of / lots of a great / large quanitity of +可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞 large quanitities of plenty of 8.put ones hands on 找到 eg: Few of the students have put their hands on the materials for their compositions. 沒有幾個學(xué)生找

37、到適合他們作文的素材。9.treat vt. 1)對待；看待，把 .看作：treat sb.badly 虐待某人 treat sb.as distinguished guest 把某人待為上賓 treat sb. with consideration 對待某人很體貼 Do not treat this serious matter as a joke. 2)討論；探討；詳述； （文學(xué)，藝術(shù)作品中）描繪，描述；表現(xiàn)：He treats this subject thoroughly in his book. 他在書中詳盡透徹地討論了這個問題。3)醫(yī)治，治療：treat sb. for influ

38、enza 給某人醫(yī)治流行感冒 treat sb oothache 治療某人的牙痛 4)款待，請客 (to): treat sb. to an ice-cream( a theatre)請某人吃冰激凌（看戲）I ll treat myself to a sunbath.我要好好地享受一次日光浴。Let s go out for dinner-my treat this time. 這次由我請客。10 .apply Vt. 涂,敷;應(yīng)用 ;適用 Application applicant-applicance-applicable 1)涂,敷 她在臉上濃妝艷抹She applied heavy m

39、akeup to her face. 2)我們應(yīng)該把理論應(yīng)用于實踐。We should apply theory to practice. This rule can not be applied to every case. vi. 申請 apply to sb for sth apply for a job 申請就業(yè) Apply for a scholarship 申請獎學(xué)金 apply to do sth 申請做某事 They applied to return to China. 3)適用 School regulations apply to every student. 校規(guī)適用于

40、每位學(xué)生。This rule can not apply to every case. 這條規(guī)則并不是在每種情況下都能適用的。apply oneself/sth to sth 使致力 (于),使專心從事 He applied himself to learning French. 他致力于學(xué)習(xí)法語。致力于 : 專心于，Bury oneself in Absorb oneself in Involve oneself in lose oneself in commit oneself to devote oneself to keep one s mind on11.There is no doubt that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills h