作文煉句第24篇譯文老師筆記

1、1.盡管在空間探索上的投資絕不能被視為是草率的、不必要的，我仍認(rèn)為應(yīng)該往減少貧困和饑餓這些手頭上的事情投入的財(cái)政，而不是將投入到探索宇宙偏遠(yuǎn)角落上。 frivolous（3.草率的）or unnesary spending, I beveternments should devote more oftheir finanl resourto alleviating poverty andger close and（4.手頭上的，在時(shí)間或距離上接近的） n to exploring the far corners of the universe.1- by no means詞典釋義：by no

2、means phraseused asa way of emphasizing a negative sementIt was by no means excellent butstill betterlastyear.I wouldnt say I was an expert,not by any means.mi:nzpluralnoun(also not by any means)決不，一點(diǎn)都不by no meansnoallIt is by no meanscertahat well finishthe project by June.能否在六月份前完成這項(xiàng)工程還很難確定。This i

3、snt the last well hear of it by any后一次聽到此事。means.這絕對(duì)不會(huì)是最外刊例句：These new-old books are short but by no means slight. Nor are they onlyfor hard-core Muraifans. （）這些再版的舊作篇幅不長(zhǎng)但絕非空洞之作。它們也并非單純?yōu)榇迳系蔫F桿粉而While money invested in exploring space by no means （1.絕不）constitutes （2.被視為）作。替換表達(dá)：in no way / noall / not

4、 by any means2- constitute注意雖然譯為“被視為”，但constitute 是主動(dòng)語態(tài)。詞典釋義：constituteUKkn.st.tju:tUSk:n.st.tu:tverb被視作noun not continuousL only +formalto be or be considered as something是；被看作，被視為This latest defeat最近的這次失敗是對(duì)constitutesa major setback fortheernment.的一次重挫。外刊例句：Just last month, the Mayo Clinic Proceed

5、ings published astudyarguingt the results of national dietary surveys, such as thosetlink sugary drinks to type-2 diabetes, are so flawedtthey constitute a major misuse ofBE CONSIDEREDASADVANCEDpublicfunds. （）Mayo 醫(yī)學(xué)雜志就在上登了一則關(guān)于飲食的研究，該研究認(rèn)為這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，簡(jiǎn)直是嚴(yán)重浪費(fèi)公共基金。而那些把糖分飲料與 2 型糖料病相聯(lián)系的內(nèi)容便是其一。替換表達(dá)：be considered

6、/viewed/seen as學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：（1）Be defined as點(diǎn)評(píng)：be defined as 含義是“被定義為”，例如：A budget is defined asa plan of action expressedoneyterms.“”一詞定義為“以金錢來表述的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”。Be defined as 用在此處不合適。3- frivolous詞典釋義：frivolousfrv.l.sadjectivebehaving in a silly and thoughtless way when you shouldbeserious 愚蠢輕浮的，不嚴(yán)肅的I think he see

7、s her as a的姑娘。frivolousyoung woman.他把她看成了輕浮describes an activity or object which is silly ornotimportantrathern useful or serious無聊的；不重要的I feel likeng something comple想做點(diǎn)兒瑣事。y frivoloustoday.今天我只外刊例句：But her frivolousspendingon multiple sues of herself, among otherthingspaved the way fora comeback i

8、n 2012 by theSP. （）但她總花錢在些無聊事情上，比如像其各種雕像等，而這也就導(dǎo)致了 SP 在 2012的卷土重來。替換表達(dá)：reckless學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：（1）cursory點(diǎn)評(píng)：cursory 的常見搭配是cursory examination/inspection 草率的檢查，例如：acursory examination of the evidence 對(duì)草草的，一般不能與spending 搭配。（2）impetuous點(diǎn)評(píng)：impetuous指行動(dòng)或語言沖動(dòng)草率，例如：She might live to regretthis impetuous deci.她可能會(huì)一輩子

9、為這個(gè)魯莽的決定感到后悔。Impetuous 不能用來修飾spending4- close and詞典釋義：and phrase closeto you and easy Help is always close/near atoreachnd ifyou need it.latorcloseand.Thesaurus:nextto, nearto and not farawaysynonymMainentry:hand12.PHRASEsomething very near短語isa in place（空間或時(shí)間上）接近的，不遠(yuǎn)的 Ifnd,near and, orclose athand,

10、 it isor time.【搭配模式】：PHR after vHaving the right equipmenhandwill be enormously helpful.手頭上有合適的設(shè)備將會(huì)幫上大忙。Realizing additionalt his retirement was near a nd, he looked for somee.自己快要退休了，他想要掙些外快。外刊例句：Icelands popularity with tourists doesnt meantsolitude is hard tofind. Head west to its fjords and sple

11、ndid isolation andnatureare close and.（）冰島極受旅游者歡迎，但這并不意味著無法在此感受到清靜。往冰島西面峽灣走去，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自然的清靜近在咫尺。替換表達(dá)：within reachQ：老師，請(qǐng)問表達(dá)“cannot absoluy be treated as”中的副詞absoluy 所在的位置正確嗎，而且這能修飾 cannot 表達(dá)出“絕不能”的意思嗎?！A：cannot 表達(dá)的語氣已經(jīng)很絕對(duì)了，再加上absoluy 不太合適。建議把a(bǔ)bsoluy 去掉，改為cannot be treated asQ：關(guān)于 more of ,n 與 more,rathern

12、 的區(qū)別？本翻譯的后半句我用的是 put more finanl capitalin. rathern put money in.,用的是 rathern 句型，與譯文相比是有點(diǎn)啰嗦，譯文用的是devote more oftheir finanl resourto .n to .這種的結(jié)構(gòu)，譯文用的是 moreof， 我不知道這是一種什么用法？?jī)煞N用法的n 與rathern 可以互換嗎？A：原句還原后是ernments should devote more of theirfinanresourto alleviating poverty andger close andn(devote th

13、eir finanl resourtheuniverse.句子本質(zhì)上是 moren的比較結(jié)構(gòu)，中間的more of something 只是一種常見用法，含義是“的”，例如：Perhaps next year more of uswillbe able to afford holidays abroad.也許到明年中會(huì)有的人有錢出國(guó)度假了。不建議將句子寫成put more finanl resourin.rathern put moneyin. 因?yàn)楹苌儆?morerathern的結(jié)構(gòu)。While money invested in exploring space by no meanscon

14、stitutesfrivolous or unnesary spending, I beveternmentsshoulddevote more of their finanl resourto alleviating povertyandger close andn to exploring the far corners of theuniverse.分析本句的主分為I bevet，這是一個(gè)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，由t 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作謂語 beve 的賓語，該賓語從句也是一個(gè)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，其主語是ernments，謂語是 should devote，賓語是 more of their finanlr

15、esour，狀語是 toalleviating poverty andger close and，表明finanlresour投入的對(duì)象，其后是由n 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。逗號(hào)之前是由 While 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，這是一個(gè)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，moneyinvested inexploring space 是主語，其中 invested in exploring space 是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾 money，by no means 作狀語，constitutes 作謂語，frivolous or unnesaryspending 作賓語。1- subjects of mockery2.在過去十年

16、左右的時(shí)間里，幾乎計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的每一個(gè)領(lǐng)域都有巨大的進(jìn)步。與機(jī)器翻譯相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域比如人工智能和語音識(shí)別以前是被嘲笑的對(duì)象，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用在突破性項(xiàng)目的核心部分里面了。There have been enormous steps made in almost every field of computing technologyhe last decade or so. Fields related to machine translation such as artifilelligence and voice recognition have gone from subjects of mock

17、ery（1.被嘲笑的對(duì)象）to being utilized at the heart of （2.處于的）ground-breaking （3.有突破性的）projects.詞典釋義：subject2.N-COUNTt is可數(shù)名詞(批評(píng)、學(xué)習(xí)、的)對(duì)象Someone or somethingthesubject ofcriticism, study, or an investigation isbeing criticized,studied, or investigated.【搭配模式】：N of nOver the past few years, some of theitions M

18、r.Meredith hasadopted have made him thesubjectof criticism.在過去的幾年里，先生所采取的某些立場(chǎng)使他成為了批評(píng)的對(duì)象。Hes now thesubjectof an offil inquiry.他現(xiàn)在是的對(duì)象。mockeryUK mk.r.iUSm:.k- uncountablewhen you mock someone or somethingnoun嘲笑，譏笑；模仿Bills mockeryof his dads twitch was a bit cruel,but it made uslaugh.模仿他肌肉的做法有點(diǎn)，不過都被逗笑

19、了。外刊例句：Hisuse of high-flown economic jargonelevierviews madehim a subject of mockery.（）他在電視采訪中使用高大上的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語，卻讓自己淪為笑柄。替換表達(dá)：a mockery, a subject/object of ridicule2- at the heart of詞典釋義：heartUKh:tUSh:rt nounCENTRE中心only singularESSENTIALthe central ormost important part中心；重點(diǎn)；要點(diǎn)The demonstrators will mar

20、ch throughtheheart of the capital.示威者將穿過首都的中心地區(qū)。A disagreement about boundaries is爭(zhēng)議的焦點(diǎn)就是邊界問題。at theheartofthe dispute.Lets get to theheartof the matter.讓考慮一下最關(guān)鍵的事情。外刊例句：Promises to put victims at the heart of the justiystem sound goodban have ahollow ring.（）承諾把對(duì)受害者的考慮作為司法系統(tǒng)的聽起來很好，不過卻缺乏實(shí)際可能。替換表達(dá)：at

21、the core of學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：（1）he heartof點(diǎn)評(píng)he heart of 一般指處于地理位置上的最中心，而不是抽象含義上的“處于某事物中心”，例如：a househe heart of London 倫敦市中心的房子，句子里面應(yīng)該使用at the heart of something（2）he corepart of點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒有he corepart of 的搭配，應(yīng)該改為at the core of3- ground-breaking詞典釋義：groundbreaking1.ADJ 形容詞開創(chuàng)性的；創(chuàng)新的；革新的 You usegroundbreakingtodescribe

22、new and things.things which you think are significant because they provideitiveideas, and influence the way people think about【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n.his groundbreaking性小說novel on homosexuality.他關(guān)于題材的開創(chuàng).groundbreakingresearch.創(chuàng)新研究外刊例句：Haring was a ground-breakingstreet artist inspired by sol activismand pr

23、ogressive politics, as much as his identity as an openly gay manhe 1980s.（）是位極富創(chuàng)新精神的藝術(shù)家，他深受政治運(yùn)動(dòng)者和進(jìn)步鼓舞，而且他還于 80 年代公開了自己的。替換表達(dá)：pioneeringQ：請(qǐng)問老師，同樣在表達(dá)形容人作為“對(duì)象”這個(gè)含義時(shí)，subjects 和objects是否可以互換呢？A：可以互換。另外在本句中使用subjects / objects of mockery 都可以。Q：mockery 本身就可以表示為 嘲笑的對(duì)象，笑柄，再用subject 就重復(fù)了吧，直接說 mockery，可以吧？A：su

24、bject of mockery 是一個(gè)常見固定表達(dá)，可以記起來。這里直接用amockery 也是可以的。There have been enormous steps made in almost every fieldofcomputing technologyhe last decade or so.分析本句是一個(gè) there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，其主語是 enormous steps made in almostevery field of computing technologyhe last decade or so，其中，made in almost everyfield of compu

25、ting technologyhe lastdecade or so 是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾steps，其前 enormous 是形容詞作定語，修飾steps。其謂語是 have been。注意在 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，there是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，它占據(jù)了原來主語的位置，從而是真正的主語退居其后，承擔(dān)了大量的信息，成為信息的。Fields related to machine translation such as artifilelligence andvoice recognition have gone from subjects of mockery tobeingutilized

26、 at the heart of ground-breaking projects.分析本句是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其主干是Fieldshave gone fromto，主語是Fields related to machine translation such as artifilelligenceand voice recognition，其中 related tomachine translation such asartifilelligence and voice recognition 是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾Fields，這里面又有 such as 引導(dǎo) artifilrecogniti

27、on 作h as artifilelligence and voice recognition，其中related to machine translation 的同位語，本句的謂語是havegone，其后是fromto結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，表明與機(jī)器翻譯相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域發(fā)展的變化。1-be at a very low level詞典釋義：levellev.lnouncountableABILITY能力ESSENTIALsomeones abilitycompared to oth能力，水準(zhǔn)，級(jí)別eople（與他人相比的）a course for advancedlevelstudents 面向高級(jí)別學(xué)生的課

28、程Students at this需要大量的幫助。level require a lot ofhelp.處于這種程度的學(xué)生The exam can be taken at threelevels.這種外刊例句：But in poorer countries, where most rural people consumeand travelvery little, the relationship is often reversed. Only when theymove to3.目前的機(jī)器翻譯仍然處于很低的水平，甚至達(dá)不到能人類翻譯工作的程度。即使電腦程序能設(shè)法給出優(yōu)質(zhì)的翻譯，讀者仍然缺乏能

29、夠完全理解其含義的必要的文化知識(shí)。 Current machine translation is still at a very low level （1.處于很低的水平）and has noteven come close to （2.接近）threatening the jobs of human translators. Even if a computer program could somehow produce a quality （3.優(yōu)質(zhì)的）translation, the reader would still lack the nesary cultural knowledg

30、e to be able to understand it fully.towns and cities do the poor come to rely on fossil fuels and jointheconsumer economy, albeit often at a very low level. (The Guardian)然而，這種關(guān)系在更為貧困的國(guó)家則經(jīng)常顛倒了，因?yàn)槟抢锏泥l(xiāng)村地區(qū)人群大多很少消費(fèi)和游玩。這些窮人只有搬到了城鎮(zhèn)才會(huì)依賴化石和成為消費(fèi)者經(jīng)濟(jì)的一員，不過其程度仍然很低。替換表達(dá)：be of low quality學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：（1）remains tothe l

31、ower level點(diǎn)評(píng)：搭配不當(dāng)，這里應(yīng)該改為 remainat a low level（2）under/helow level點(diǎn)評(píng)：介詞使用不當(dāng)，under/in 應(yīng)該改為 at，此外 the 應(yīng)該改為a（3）at a ratherlow standard點(diǎn)評(píng)：應(yīng)該改為 of a ratherlow standard，即 machine translation is still ofarather low standard2- come close to詞典釋義：come close (to) phraseto besimilar to or almost as good as someo

32、ne or somethingHesnot as good as Amis, but he comes close.外刊例句：Howcomplex cells evolved is a mystery. A new idea may comeclose to the truth（）細(xì)胞復(fù)雜的演變?nèi)匀幻造F重重。此新想法或許能讓更接近替換表達(dá)：come near to學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：（1）take the placeof點(diǎn)評(píng)：take the place of 是“替代”的意思，用在這里不合適。3- quality詞典釋義：qualityUK kwl.tiUS kw:.l.ti adjectiveb

33、eforeof anounhigh standard優(yōu)質(zhì)的，優(yōu)良的，高級(jí)的This is aqualityproduct.這是高級(jí)產(chǎn)品。mainly UK The story received little coveragehequalityprs。(=more serious newsp內(nèi)容嚴(yán)肅的報(bào)紙幾乎沒有報(bào)導(dǎo)這一則after verbinformalvery good很好的t gig wasquality.那場(chǎng)演奏會(huì)很。外刊例句：However, as this is built upon, a quality psychological connection orattaent rel

34、ationshipconducive to learning and attunederaction is developed and strengthened. （）然而，隨著其確立起來，一種有利于學(xué)習(xí)和適應(yīng)人際關(guān)系的良好心理聯(lián)系或親密關(guān)系就此發(fā)展和壯大起來。替換表達(dá)：extremely good, high-qualityQ：老師，請(qǐng)問 remao the lower level, remahe lowerlevel 和remao be the lower level 正確嗎？A：remain 的常見搭配是 remao be done 或者 remain adj. 但不可以寫成 remao

35、 something，因此這里 remahe lower level 和 remao bethelower level 都是有問題的?？梢詤⒖祭饰脑~典中對(duì)于 remain 詞條的解釋和例句。1- approximation詞典釋義：approximationUK prk.sme.n nouncountableUS-pr:k-formala guess of a number計(jì)；近似值t is not exact butt is close粗略估Could you give me aroughapproximationofhow many people willbe coming?你能告訴我要來

36、的大概人數(shù)嗎？What he said bore noapproximationwhatsoevertothe truth (=4.翻譯通常只能表達(dá)出接近原意的大概，因此對(duì)有些人來說，學(xué)習(xí)外語總是必要的。一般人可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)優(yōu)質(zhì)的機(jī)器翻譯很有用，但這種翻譯機(jī)器不太可能會(huì)替代語言學(xué)習(xí)。A translation is often just a rough approximation （1.大概，近似值）of the original meaning（2.原意）and so it will always be nesary for some people to learn foreign langua

37、ges. The average（3.一般人）might find a quality machine translator rather useful（4.發(fā)現(xiàn)優(yōu)質(zhì)的機(jī)器翻譯很有用）, but it is unlikelyt such translators will ever replace language learning.was noall like the truth).他的說法跟實(shí)際情況風(fēng)馬牛不相及。外刊例句：Moren any other man,Yeltsoved the Russianpeoplefrom tyranny to a roughapproximation of

38、 freedom. Fort he wasone of the authentic heroes ofthe 20th century. (The Guardian)比其他人都更大程度地讓俄羅斯人民脫離了，享受到了粗略的。因此，他可以說是一位百分百的 20 世紀(jì)。學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：（1）draw a roughoutline of點(diǎn)評(píng)：outline 是指“要點(diǎn)，綱要”，例如：a broad outline of the committeesplans計(jì)劃的一個(gè)粗略綱要，draw a rough outline of 用在這里確。（2）skeleton點(diǎn)評(píng)：skeleton 指“框架，架構(gòu)”，例如

39、：The skeleton of my book is written/Mybook is in skeleton form -now I jusve to add the details.書已經(jīng)有了架構(gòu)現(xiàn)在我只需要添加細(xì)節(jié)了。Skeleton 用在此處不恰當(dāng)。2- the original meaning詞典釋義：originalrd.nl adjective原先的beforenounexisting since the beginning, or being the earst formofsomething起初的；原先的；最早的Is this theoriginalfireplace?這

40、是原先的壁爐嗎？The gardens have recently been restored to their這些園林最近恢復(fù)了原先的輝煌。original.外刊例句：But the originalmeaning of May Day reappeared at the darkestmoments of the Nazi era, aswhen it was ceratedhe Warsghetto which launched an uprisingagainst theregime. （）但國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)的原始意義再次于最的納粹時(shí)期體現(xiàn)出來，華沙猶太人區(qū)在那時(shí)慶祝了這個(gè)節(jié)日，發(fā)動(dòng)了一場(chǎng)反

41、抗納粹的。學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：（1）real meanMADEESSENTIAL點(diǎn)評(píng)：mean 做名詞時(shí)沒有“含義”的意思，這里應(yīng)該改為original meaning3- The average詞典釋義：averageUKv.r.dUS-adjectiveUSUAL一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ESSENTIALtypical and usual普通的；平常的；中等的；一般的The averagehe street is a lotbetter offn they wereforty years ago.再普通再一般的人也要比 40 年前富裕多了。a student ofaverageability 才智平平的學(xué)生Th

42、e food was fairly那里的食物很一般。average(= notexcellent, although not bad).外刊例句：Thirvey shows 64% of Guardian readers are inemployment, whichis 20% more likelynthe averagehe UK and in line withthe level among readers ofother quality newsprs. (The Guardian)該研究表明，64%的衛(wèi)報(bào)讀者有工作做，比平均英國(guó)人高 20%，與其他同樣高質(zhì)量的報(bào)刊讀者持平。替換表達(dá)：ordinary people學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：（1）ordinary點(diǎn)評(píng)：是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，使用時(shí)前面一般要加限定詞，這里可以改為ordinary people（2）normal people點(diǎn)評(píng)：normal people 是指身體和心理上沒有健康問題的正常人，例如：Sistics indicatet depressed patients are more likely toeilln are normal people. 統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示抑郁癥患者比正常人更容易生病。它與“普通人”的含義有所區(qū)別。4-