強(qiáng)調(diào)、語(yǔ)序、倒裝和省略-高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)梳理專題17

1、17 強(qiáng)調(diào)、語(yǔ)序、倒裝和省略一. 強(qiáng)調(diào)1. 基本句型：It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。 原句：They will have a meeting in this office tomorrow.他們明天要在這個(gè)辦公室開個(gè)會(huì)。【強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)】就是他們（而不是別人），明天要在這個(gè)辦公室開個(gè)會(huì)。 It is they who/that will have a meeting in this office tomorrow.【強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)】他們明天要在這個(gè)辦公室開個(gè)會(huì)（而不是做別的）。 It is a meeting that they will have in this

2、 office tomorrow.【強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)】就是在明天（而不是其他時(shí)間），他們要在這個(gè)辦公室開個(gè)會(huì)。 It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting in this office.【強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)】就在這個(gè)辦公室（而不是其他地方），他們明天要開個(gè)會(huì)。 It is in this office that they will have a meeting tomorrow.【注意事項(xiàng)】強(qiáng)調(diào)句中常強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（包括介詞賓語(yǔ)）、狀語(yǔ)，可以強(qiáng)調(diào)單個(gè)的詞、短語(yǔ)和從句。it本身沒有詞義。強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用who，whom（指代人）和that（可指代物，也

3、可指代人），即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)也如此。that或who，whom之后動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與它前面被強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞或代詞一致（即人稱和數(shù)要與原句中的一致），且不可以省略。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的時(shí)態(tài)只有兩種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用It was.，其余的時(shí)態(tài)用It is.?！緟^(qū)分】強(qiáng)調(diào)詞it和形式主語(yǔ)it可用恢復(fù)原句的方式來(lái)判別，即把It is/was.that.取消后，如果剩下的詞仍能組成一個(gè)完整的句子，那么這就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則就不是。Its in that very seat that the teacher sat down. 老師坐的就是那

4、個(gè)座位。去掉It was.that.就變成：In that very seat the teacher sat down.It is clear that not all boys like football. 很明顯，不是所有的男孩都喜歡踢足球。去掉It is.that.就變成： Clear not all boys like football. 句子成立，強(qiáng)調(diào)句句子不成立，主語(yǔ)從句2. notuntil句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型：It is/was not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分原句：My boyfriend didnt start to work until/till ten

5、oclock. 我男朋友直到10點(diǎn)才開始工作。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It was not until ten oclock that my boyfriend started to work. 【注意】此句型只用until，不能用till，但如果這句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，則till和until可以通用。因?yàn)榫湫虸t is/was not.已經(jīng)是否定句了，所以that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。 【與倒裝句的轉(zhuǎn)換】原句：I didnt notice it until/till yesterday.直到昨天我才注意到這件事。強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It was not until yesterday that I noti

6、ce it.倒裝句：Not until yesterday did I notice it.【練習(xí)】1. 原句：I didnt phone the office until/till Wednesday. 直到星期三我才給辦公室打去電話。強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It was not until Wednesday that I phoned the office.倒裝句：Not until Wednesday did I phone the office.2. 原句：The bus will not go until/till all the people get on it.直到所有的人都上車，車才開走。強(qiáng)

7、調(diào)句：It is not until all the people get on it that the bus will go.倒裝句：Not until all the people get on it will the bus go.=Only when all the people get on it will the bus go.【謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)】It is/was.that.結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，要用助動(dòng)詞do，does或did，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。Do sit down.（務(wù)必）請(qǐng)坐。He does work hard. 他學(xué)習(xí)確實(shí)努力。He did remem

8、ber writing to you last week. 他確實(shí)記得上周給你寫了信。The letter I was expecting did arrive yesterday. 我一直期待的那封信昨天終于到了。二. 語(yǔ)序在英語(yǔ)中，句子的一般語(yǔ)序?yàn)椤爸髡Z(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”，此語(yǔ)序與漢語(yǔ)基本相同，但是定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)在句子中的位置，英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)略有差異。1.定語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序（1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)是形容詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式時(shí)，定語(yǔ)前置。He is a naughty boy. 他是個(gè)淘氣的男孩。（形容詞作定語(yǔ)）I need some listening material. 我需要一些聽力資料。（動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)）2

9、.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)是短語(yǔ)、副詞、某些動(dòng)詞過去分詞或定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，定語(yǔ)后置。The students in the room are from Asia. 房間里的學(xué)生們來(lái)自亞洲。（介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)）The young man who is having his lunch is my boyfriend. 正在吃午飯的那個(gè)年輕人是我的男朋友。（定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)）The women here are for you. 這兒的女士們都支持你。（副詞作定語(yǔ)）I like the books written by him. 我喜歡他寫的書。（過去分詞作定語(yǔ)）2.狀語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序在句子中如果同時(shí)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，先地點(diǎn)后

10、時(shí)間，這和漢語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序不同，漢語(yǔ)是先時(shí)間后地點(diǎn)。The 28th Olympic Games were held in Athens in 2004. 第28屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)于2004年在雅典舉行。There was a spring rain in Shanghai last night. 昨夜，上海下了一場(chǎng)春雨。三、倒裝主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的順序分為兩種：自然語(yǔ)序主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)；倒裝語(yǔ)序謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)1.倒裝的類別（1）部分倒裝部分倒裝是謂語(yǔ)中的一部分（如情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be）放在主語(yǔ)前面，其余部分仍在主語(yǔ)后面。Only in this way can we work out the physics

11、problem. 只有用這種方法，我們才能解出這道物理題來(lái)。（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)倒裝）Never had he had any experience like that. 他從來(lái)沒經(jīng)歷過那樣的事。（助動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)倒裝）Not only is he a singer, but (also) he is a dancer. 他不僅是一位歌唱家，而且還是一位舞蹈家。（系動(dòng)詞be和主語(yǔ)倒裝）2.全部倒裝全部倒裝是句子中沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，要把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)的前面。Here comes the bus.公共汽車來(lái)了。Up went the arrow into the sky.箭嗖地一下射上

12、了天。The door opened and out rushed the children.門一開，孩子們沖了出來(lái)。例外：這時(shí)若主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，則主謂不倒裝（陳述語(yǔ)序）。Here he comes. 他來(lái)了。Away they went. 他們離開了。Here you are. 給你。Here we are. 我們到了?！菊Z(yǔ)法性倒裝】A. 疑問句Are you doing your homework now? 你正在做你的家庭作業(yè)嗎？Which colour do you like best? 你最喜歡什么顏色？注意：主語(yǔ)若是由一個(gè)疑問詞表示的或修飾的，語(yǔ)序不變。Who did it? 誰(shuí)做

13、的這件事？ What is your favorite colour? 你最喜歡什么顏色？B. there be句型中的倒裝在此句型中，無(wú)論是在陳述句中還是疑問句中，主語(yǔ)總是在謂語(yǔ)之后。There were no schools or hospitals there before. 以前那里既沒有學(xué)校，也沒有醫(yī)院。Is there any milk in the bottle? 瓶子里有牛奶嗎？C.直接引語(yǔ)中的倒裝直接引語(yǔ)的一部分或全部放在句首時(shí)，它的主語(yǔ)（說(shuō)話人）和謂語(yǔ)（引述動(dòng)詞）常要倒裝?！癢ill you please carry it for me?”said the old man.

14、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞或謂語(yǔ)含有助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般不倒裝?！癙lease do me a favour,”he said.（主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)不倒裝）“I am hungry,”the little girl had said. (謂語(yǔ)含有助動(dòng)詞)如果謂語(yǔ)比主語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)，或是它后面有賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般也不倒裝?！癐 cant understand you, please repeat it again,”Tom said to the stranger.（謂語(yǔ)后面有介詞賓語(yǔ)）D. 省略if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中的倒裝if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中如果含有助動(dòng)詞were，should或had時(shí)，可以使用倒裝。句型：Were/Shoul

15、d/Had+主語(yǔ)+=If+主語(yǔ)+were/should/had+E. so，nor和neither用于句首時(shí)的倒裝so，nor和neither置于句首，用于說(shuō)明前一句中謂語(yǔ)表示的情況也適用于另一個(gè)（些）人或物時(shí)，句子要倒裝。含義用法倒裝句型so也用于肯定句So+be/have/助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)neither/nor也不，也沒有用于否定句Neither/Nor+be/have/助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)A: I have had my breakfast. 我吃過早餐了。B: So have I. 我也吃過了。注意：倒裝句中的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞be等要和前一句中的保持一致。A: Li M

16、ing can speak three languages. 李明會(huì)說(shuō)3種語(yǔ)言。B: So can I. 我也會(huì)（3種）。A: Will you go to the cinema this weekend? 這個(gè)周末你去看電影嗎？B: No, and neither will John. 不去，約翰也不去。After that we never saw her again, nor did we hear from her.從那以后，我們就再也沒看到她，也沒收到她的信。F. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝句型：形容詞+as+主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞beStrong as Joe is, he cannot

17、lift the weight. = Although/Though Joe is strong, he cannot lift the weight.句型：名詞（不帶冠詞）+as+主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞beChild as he is, he knows a lot of things. = Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of things.句型：副詞+as+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞Much as I like it, I wont buy it. = Although/Though I like it much, I wont buy it.句型：

18、行為動(dòng)詞+as+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞Try as she does, she never seems able to succeed. = Although she tries, she never seems able to succeed.【修辭性倒裝】A.否定詞放在句首時(shí)的倒裝句型：否定詞+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)By no means is translation easy.=Translation is by no means easy.翻譯絕不是一件簡(jiǎn)單的事。Little did I think that I would lose the game.=I didnt think at all

19、 that I would lose the game.我根本沒想到我會(huì)輸?shù)暨@場(chǎng)比賽?！狙a(bǔ)充】little置于know，think，imagine，guess，dream，expect等有關(guān)思考意思的動(dòng)詞前面時(shí)，相當(dāng)于not at all，譯為“一點(diǎn)也不”。常見的放在句首的否定詞by no means絕不never從不in no case絕不no sooner.(than)一就in no way絕不not不，沒有on no consideration絕不not a bit一點(diǎn)也不under no circumstances絕不not only.but also.不但而且barely簡(jiǎn)直沒有no

20、t.until.直到才hardly幾乎不rarely很少scarcely幾乎不seldom很少little幾乎沒有；一點(diǎn)也不few沒有多少B.“Only+副詞”放在句首時(shí)的倒裝Only+副詞+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Only then did I realize I made such a big mistake. = I realized I made such a big mistake only then.只是在那時(shí)，我才認(rèn)識(shí)到我犯了一個(gè)多么大的錯(cuò)誤。Only+副詞短語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)Only in this way can you work it out. = You can work it out onl

21、y in this way. 只有用這種方法你才能算出這道題來(lái)。Only+狀語(yǔ)從句+be+主語(yǔ)only放在句首時(shí)，如果only強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè)句子，那么從句不倒裝，主句倒裝。Only when he got home did he know what happened to his father. = When he got home he knew what happened to his father.當(dāng)他到了家之后，他才知道父親發(fā)生了什么事?！咀⒁狻咳绻鹢nly強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)，則句子不倒裝。Only her mother was invited.只有她媽媽被邀請(qǐng)了。B.副詞（短語(yǔ)）放在句首時(shí)的

22、倒裝here，then，now，thus，such，there，so，out，in，up，down，away等副詞放在句首，句子要倒裝，表示特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的語(yǔ)氣。Look, here comes Joe in his best suit. = Look, Joe comes here in his best suit. 看，喬穿著他最好的西裝來(lái)了。D.頻率副詞放在句首時(shí)的倒裝頻率副詞always，often，once出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝。Always will we remember the importance of the meeting. = We will always remember

23、 the importance of the meeting.我們將永遠(yuǎn)記住這次會(huì)議的重要性。E.其他情況為了保持句子平衡或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，或?yàn)榱耸股舷挛木o密銜接時(shí)，需要倒裝。The soldiers arrived at a house, in front of which sat a little boy.士兵們來(lái)到了一座房子，房子前面坐著一個(gè)小男孩。四. 省略【不定式省略】省略不定式符號(hào)to后的動(dòng)詞，是指前面出現(xiàn)過的動(dòng)詞在下文再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，可以單純使用不定式符號(hào)to，省去動(dòng)詞。A. 不定式to作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)這種情況常用的動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ike，love，care，hope，wish，exp

24、ect，prefer，refuse，mean，try，advise，agree，want，afford，forget，remember，manage等。A: Would you like to go to university?你想去上大學(xué)嗎？B: Yes, I would like to (go to university).是的，我想去。B. 不定式to在句中作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)這種情況經(jīng)常用的動(dòng)詞有ask，tell，advise，force，persuade，wish，allow，permit等。Dont touch anything unless your teacher allows you to (touch them).C.不定式to在句中作某些形容詞的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)這種情況經(jīng)常用的形容詞有happy，glad，e