it作形式主語和形式賓語

1、it作形式主語和形式賓語it既可作人稱代詞，用來表示動(dòng)物或無生命的物體等，也可以作無人稱代詞，在句中作主語，表示時(shí)間、距離、天氣等。它還可以引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，使語氣得以加強(qiáng)。此外，it在句中能作引導(dǎo)詞，充當(dāng)句子中的形式上的成分，如形式主語、形式賓語等。it作形式主語：it作形式主語時(shí)沒有具體的意義，而只是幫助把真正的主語移到句子后部去，使句子顯得平穩(wěn)一些。it作形式主語時(shí)，可以代替三種形式：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和主語從句。Lit代替不定式短語常用于下列句型中：It+be+形容詞+（for/ofsb.）todosth.It+be+名詞+todosth.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.干花

2、了某人時(shí)間Itsuptosb.todosth.干是某人的職責(zé)或義務(wù)如：Itiseeryonesdutytoobeythelaw.遵守法律是每個(gè)人的義務(wù)。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語toobeythelaw）ItisdifficultforaforeignertolearnChinese.對于一個(gè)外國人來說，學(xué)習(xí)漢語是困難的。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語tolearnChinese）Itisnotrighttousetheseplacesasrubbishdumps.把這些地方用來倒垃圾是不對的。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語tousetheseplacesasrubbishdumps

3、）Ittookthemayeartobuildthebridge.建這座橋花了他們一年的時(shí)間。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語tobuildthebridge）Itisbadmannerstostareatpeople.瞪著眼睛看人是不禮貌的。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語tostareatpeople）Itisuptoustohelpthoseinneed.幫助那些有困難的人是我們的責(zé)任。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語tohelpthoseinneed）Itisnotuptoyoutotellmehowtodomyjob.我怎樣干我的工作不用你來多嘴。（it作形式主語，代替不定式短語to

4、tellmehowtodomyjob）Itbe+形容詞+forsb.todosth,與Itbe+形容詞+ofsb.todosth.：如果句型中的形容詞描述的是sb.的品質(zhì)、品格，在邏輯上可以作sb.的表語，則sb.前應(yīng)用介詞of,否則就用for。如：Itsnecessaryforustouseashort-waveradiotopickuptheprogrammes.我們用一臺(tái)短波收音機(jī)收聽這些節(jié)目是必要的。Itsimportantforustolearnnglishwell.學(xué)好英語對我們來說是重要的。Itskindofyoutohelpme.感謝你對我的幫助。（=Youarekindtoh

5、elpme.）Itwasfoolishofhimtogiveupthejob.他放棄那工作是愚蠢的。（=Hewasfoolishtogiveupthejob.）2.it代替動(dòng)名詞短語：動(dòng)名詞作主語用后置形式的情況遠(yuǎn)不及不定式那么普遍，常限于nogood,nouse,useless,waste等詞的后面。Itisnogood/usehavingacarifyoucantdrive.如果你不會(huì)開車，有車也沒用。（it作形式主語,代替動(dòng)名詞短語havingacar）ItisawasteoftimewatchingTV.看電視是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。（it作形式主語,代替動(dòng)名詞短語watchingTV）Itisn

6、ouseaskinghim.問他沒有用。（it作形式主語,代替動(dòng)名詞短語askinghim）Itisnousetalkingtohimaboutit.和他談這事沒有用。（it作形式主語,代替動(dòng)名詞短語talkingtohimaboutit）3.it代替主語從句：這個(gè)主語從句可以用連詞that引導(dǎo)，也可以用連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。如：Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace.很清楚他們沒有和平的誠意。（it作形式主語,代替主語從句thattheyhadnodesireforpeace）Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletocome.

7、她能否來還很難說。（it作形式主語,代替主語從句whethershewillbeabletocome）Itwasclearenoughwhatshemeant.她的意思是夠清楚的。（it作形式主語,代替主語從句whatshemeant）Ithasntbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadistobeopenedtotraffic.還沒明確宣布新路什么時(shí)候通車。（it作形式主語,代替主語從句whenthenewroadistobeopenedtotraffic）Itisamysterytomehowitallhappened.這都是怎么發(fā)生的對于我來說還是一個(gè)謎。（it作形式主語

8、,代替主語從句howitallhappened）用it作形式主語，把真正的主語從句移至后面的常見句型有：Itisapity/ashame/afact/anhonour/goodnews/nowonder/awonderthat如：Itwasapitythattheengineercouldntcome.可惜工程師沒能夠來。Itisawonderthathecontinuestogamblewhenhealwaysloses!令人驚訝的是他一直輸還一直賭。（Itis）nowonder（that）youwerelate!難怪你來晚了。Itisashamethattherainspoiledourp

9、icnic.真可惜，這場雨把我們的野餐給攪了。ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasinternationallanguage.英語被認(rèn)為是國際語言，這是一個(gè)事實(shí)。Itis+形容詞（如：strange/natural/surprising/obvious/true/fortunate/wonderful/funny/possible/impossible/liely/unliely/clear/unusual/certain/important）that如：Itiscertainthathewillwin.他一定會(huì)取勝。Itisimportantthatwe

10、shouldlearnfromeachotherandhelpeachother.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相學(xué)習(xí)，互相幫助，這是很重要的。Itwasobviousthatthechildhadbeenbadlytreated.很顯然那個(gè)孩子受過虐待。Itislikelythathewillringmetonight.他今晚可能給我打電話。Itisstrangethatheshouldhaveleftwithouttellingus.真奇怪，他也沒說一聲就走了。Itisunlikelythattheirgroupwillgetaheadofus.他們小組不會(huì)趕到我們前頭去。Itseems/happened/t

11、urnedout/suddenlystruckme/occurredtomethat如：IthappenedthatIwasnttherethatday.恰好那天我不在那里。Itseemsthathisideaismorepractical.看起來他的意見更實(shí)際一些。ItsuddenlyoccurredtomethatIknewhowtosolvethatproblem.我忽然想起我知道怎樣解決那個(gè)問題。It+be+過去分詞(如：said/reported/announced/decided/expected/hoped/known/believed)that如：Itishopedthatth

12、enumberofdeerwillgreatlyincreaseverysoon.(相當(dāng)于：Peoplehopethatthenumberofdeerwillgreatlyincreaseverysoon)人們希望鹿的數(shù)目將會(huì)很快增加。Itissaidthatnothinghasbeendoneaboutit.據(jù)說至今對此沒采取任何措施。Itisreportedthatmorethantwentypeoplewerekilledinthatbusaccident.據(jù)報(bào)道在那次的公共汽車事故中有二十多人喪生。Itisknownthatheisoneofthebestteachersinoursc

13、hool.大家都知道他是我們學(xué)校最好的教師之一。Itisbelievedthatthefloodthereisthebiggestin100years.據(jù)認(rèn)為那兒的洪水是百年來最大的洪水。*注意要在Itissuggested/reuired/desired/ordered/proposedthat的主語從句中用虛擬語氣：（should）+動(dòng)詞原形如：Itisrequestedthathegiveaperformanceattheparty.有人請求他在聚會(huì)上表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。Itissuggestedthatweshouldgeteverythingreadybytonight.建議一切在今晚準(zhǔn)備

14、好。Itisorderedthattheradiobesentthereatonce.據(jù)命令，這臺(tái)收音機(jī)要立刻送到那里去。Itdoesntmatter+連接代詞或副詞Itdoesntmaketoomuchdifference+連接代詞或副詞如：Itdoesntmatterwhetherhecomesornot.他來還是不來都沒關(guān)系。Itwontmakemuchdifferencewhetheryougotodayortomorrow.你今天去也好，明天去也好，關(guān)系不大。it作形式賓語：it作形式賓語時(shí)，可以代替三種形式：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句。it作形式賓語時(shí)，需具備兩個(gè)條件：真正的賓語是不

15、定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句有賓語補(bǔ)足語具備了這兩個(gè)條件，形式賓語it一定要用。Lit代替不定式短語think/find/feel/consider/make/regard+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式短語如：Ifinditpleasanttoworkwithhim.（it作形式賓語，代替不定式短語toworkwithhim）我覺得和他一起工作很愉快。Theyfeltitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.（it作形式賓語，代替不定式短語tofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime）他們認(rèn)為在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是困難的。Shethin

16、ksitherdutytohelpus.（it作形式賓語，代替不定式短語tohelpus）她覺得幫助我們是她的責(zé)任。Ithinkitmyhonortobeinvitedtospeakhere.（it作形式賓語，代替不定式短語tobeinvitedtospeakhere）我覺得應(yīng)邀在這兒演講是我的榮耀。TomdidntfinditdifficulttowritelettersinChinese.（it作形式賓語，代替不定式短語towritelettersinChinese）湯姆發(fā)現(xiàn)用漢語寫信不難。Allthesenoisesmadeitimpossibleformetogoonwiththewo

17、rk.（it作形式賓語，代替不定式短語togoonwiththework）這些噪音使我無法繼續(xù)工作。t代替動(dòng)名詞短語（這只限于少數(shù)句型，在多數(shù)情況下用不定式時(shí)更多一些）如：Theprofessorconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.這位教授認(rèn)為閱讀而不理解沒有益處。Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?你覺得再試會(huì)有好處嗎？Hefoundituseless（nouse）arguingwithhim.他發(fā)現(xiàn)和他辯論沒有用。Hethoughtitabsolutelysenselessattemptingtheimp

18、ossible.想做不可能的事情，他認(rèn)為是完全沒道理的。Idontthinkitworthwhilegoingtosuchaplace.到這樣一個(gè)地方去我看是不值得的。3.it代替賓語從句：如：Weallthoughtitapitythattheconferenceshouldhavebeencancelled.會(huì)議取消了我們都感到很遺憾。Itookitforgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.我想他們準(zhǔn)是不會(huì)來的了。Illseetoitthateverythingisreadyintime.我負(fù)責(zé)使一切都按時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好。含it的常用句型英語中有一些固定句型中含有it,應(yīng)注意

19、這些句型的使用。Itbe+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)句子的主語、賓語、表語及狀語等成分。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞，可以用that或who（whom）連接其他成分；被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人以外的詞，例如表示事物、時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞，用that連接其他成分。例如我們可以用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)下列句子的主語（如）、賓語（如）、地點(diǎn)狀語（如）及時(shí)間狀語（如）ImetPeterinJapanlastyear.ItwasLwho/thatmetPeterinJapanlastyear.ItwasPeterwhom/thatImetinJapanlastyear.ItwasinJapan

20、thatImetPeterlastyear.ItwaslastyearthatImetPeterinJapan.notuntil也可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型例1MrBrowndidntcomebackuntileleenoclock.可變?yōu)椋篒twasnotuntileleenoclockthatMrBrowncameback.例2Theraindidntstopuntilmidnight.可變?yōu)椋篒twasnotuntilmidnightthattherainstopped.強(qiáng)調(diào)句也可變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧淅?Itwasin1949thatthePRCwasfounded.可變?yōu)椋篧henwasitthatth

21、ePRCwasfounded?例2Yourdadworkedinthisfactorytwoyearsago.可變?yōu)椋篧herewasitthatyourdadworkedtwoyearsago?Its地點(diǎn)狀語that（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）Its地點(diǎn)名詞where（定語從句）如：ItisthetownwhereIwasborn.（thetown為地點(diǎn)名詞，定語從句）這是我出生的鎮(zhèn)子。ItwasinthetownthatIwasborn.（inthetown為地點(diǎn)狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）我出生在這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子。Its時(shí)間名詞when（時(shí)間狀語從句）Its時(shí)間狀語that（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）如：Itwasatoclockthathe

22、returned.（at8oclock是時(shí)間狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)句）他是在八點(diǎn)鐘回來的。Itwasoclockwhenhereturned.（8oclock是時(shí)間名詞，時(shí)間狀語從句）他回來的時(shí)候是八點(diǎn)鐘。ifitisconvenienttoyou如果你方便的話如：Ifitisconvenienttoyou,youcanstarttomorrow.如果方便的話，你明天可以動(dòng)身。believeitornot信不信由你如：Believeitornot,Illgoabroadnetmonth.不管你信還是不信，我下個(gè)月要出國。Believeritornot,wewereleftwaitingintherainf

23、ortwohours.信不信由你，我們冒雨一直等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。tstiettisoulo（定語從句）如：ItistimethatIwentandpickedupmydaughterfromschool.我該去學(xué)校接我女兒放學(xué)了。Itshightimethatwestoppedshouldstopthispractice.我們的確該停止這種做法了。tissbeensincei（時(shí)間狀語從句）如：Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.我們來這里已一星期了。Itwontbebefore用不了（多長時(shí)間）就會(huì)Itwillbebefore得過（多長時(shí)間）才Itwasntbefor

24、e沒過（多長時(shí)間）就Itwasbefore過了（多長時(shí)間）才如：Itwillbealongtimebeforewefinishthetask.我們還需要很長時(shí)間才能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。Itwasntlongbeforehelearnedtousethecomputer.不久他就學(xué)會(huì)使用計(jì)算機(jī)了。Itwassometimebeforehetoldmeaboutthisaffair.過了一段時(shí)間之后他告訴了我這件事。Itwontbelonbeforewemeetaain.不久之后我們還會(huì)再見面的。易混用其他句型英語中有一些句型不含it,但卻易被誤用了it,常見的有以下句型:Thereissomethin

25、g/nothingwrong/thematterwithsb./sth.如：Thereisnothingwrong/thematterwithhim.Hesjustpretending.他沒什么事，他只是在裝呢。Thereisnodoubtabout對毫不懷疑Thereisnodoubtthat對毫不懷疑如：Thereisnodoubtabouthissuitabilityforthejob.毫無疑問，他適合這個(gè)工作。Thereisnodoubtaboutthefact.關(guān)于這個(gè)事實(shí)毫無懷疑。Thereisnodoubtthatheishardtodealwith.毫無置疑他很難對付。Ther

26、eisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.沒必要時(shí)如：TherewasnoneedforhimtoremaininParis.他沒有必要繼續(xù)留在巴黎。Thereisnoneedforyoutostartyet.你現(xiàn)在還不必動(dòng)身。Thereisno/apossibilitythat沒可能/有可能(=Itisimpossible/possiblethat)如：Thereisapossibilitythatthetrainmaybelate.可能火車要晚點(diǎn)。Thereisnopossibilitythatwellseehimthisweekend.我們本周末不可能見到他。Thereisach

27、ancethat可能如：Thereisachancethatthesickchildwillgetwell.這個(gè)生病的孩子可能會(huì)好起來的。Therebeno/somedifferencesbetweenand和之間沒/有區(qū)別如：Therearesomedifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.這兩種語言之間有些區(qū)別。Afterwhatseemed+時(shí)間如：Afterwhatseemedaverylongtime,thewoundedsoldiercamebacktolife.在經(jīng)過似乎很長的一段時(shí)間之后，那個(gè)受傷的士兵蘇醒了過來。Therebedifficulty/t

28、rouble(in)doingsth.干有困難如：Therewasnodifficultyinfindinghim.找到他沒費(fèi)什么事。高考預(yù)測題：.isreportedthathegotsevengoldmedals.A.ThatB.WordC.ItD.News.Howlongtofinishthework?A.youwilltakeB.willyoutakeC.youwilltakeitD.willittakeyou.noneedforustodiscusstheproblemagain.Ithasalreadybeensettled.A.IthasB.TherehasC.ItisD.The

29、reis.Iwasdisappointedwiththeplay.Ihadexpectedtobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it.Idontthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.itB.thatC.itsD.thisDoesmatterifhecantfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.itC.heD.thatDoyouneedmyruler?No,thanks.Ivegotmyself.A.itB.eachC.oneD.theoneWhichpersondo

30、youmean?whowearsanewgoldwatch.A.TheoneB.OneC.EachD.It9.ItthreeyearssinceIleftEngland.A.hasbeenB.wasC.hadbeenD.willbeItwontbelongtheislandtoourmotherland.A.when,returnsB.before,willreturnC.since,returnsD.before,returns.Howmanyyearsisityourfamilymovedhere?A.afterB.sinceC.beforeD.until.isapitythatyoufo

31、rgotbothheraddressandhertelephonenumber.A.ItB.ThereC.ThisD.ThatIsawnomorethanonecopyleftinthebookshop.Willyougoandbuy?A.itB.someC.anyD.oneWillyouseetothattheluggageisbroughtback?A.meB.yourselfC.itD.themItthatshehaslostinterestinstudyingEnglish.A.seemedB.appearsC.looksD.remainshappenedthatImetoneofmy

32、friendsyesterday.A.IB.ThatC.ItD.HowIthinkrightthatyoudidnttellhimthebadnews.A.itB.itsC.youD.thattosaywhichoneIshouldchoose.A.ThatshardB.ItishardC.TherenouseD.Itnogoodsurprisedmemostwasthatshehadbecomeafamoussinger.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.Thiswilltakeyoualotoftimetofindhiminthecrowd.A.ItB.IC.WeD.TheyHefelt

33、toworkforhumanrightsandprogress.A.ithisdutyB.hisdutyC.thatisadutyD.thatishisdutyPeopleinthewestmakesaruletobuyChristmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.A.thatB.itC.thisD.Thethingneedsfurtherdiscussionwhetherwellbuildalibraryornot.A.WeB.HeC.ItD.Thethingisnogoodwithoutdoinganything.A.This,talkingB.

34、It,totalkC.It,talkingD.That,totalkisnodifferencebetweenthem.A.ThereB.WhereC.ItD.WhatWasitthattheysaw?A.sheB.thatsheC.herD.herselfbeingSunday,thelibrarywasclosed.A.ThatB.ItisC.ItD.Thistwaseveningwearrivedthere.A.thatB.whenC.thisD.sincetwasinthevillagenowisasmalltowntheearthquakeoccurred.A.where,which

35、B.which,whereC.which,thatD.that,whereFewchildrenareasbrightasheis,andalso,heworksveryhard.Itsnothathealwaysgetsthefirstplaceinanyexamination.A.questionB.doubtC.problemD.wonder答案與提示：.Cit在此句中是形式主語，真正的主語是that從句。這個(gè)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)是：itbe+過去分詞+that從句。.Dittakessb.sometimetodosth.意為花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事。It是形式主語，代替不定式短語。此句是將來時(shí)態(tài)。.D本題

36、用的是therebe句型。Thereisnoneedto是這個(gè)句型的一種表達(dá)方式，意思是沒有必要”。.DIhadexpected的賓語是前面所提到的play。英語中，通常用it和one來替代前面單數(shù)名詞，可以選C或D，one所代替的是同類事物中一個(gè)，而it所代替的是前面提到過的同一事物，所以答案為D。.Atomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork是動(dòng)詞不定式短語作think的賓語。當(dāng)句子的賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式或that從句時(shí)，我們通常用it作形式賓語，但是如果賓語不與形容詞在一起，一般不能用it作形式賓語。.B本題是一般疑問句。matter（有關(guān)系，

37、要緊）經(jīng)常用于否定句和疑問句，常用句型是：DoesitmatterItdoesntmatter。.C不定代詞one常用來代替與前面已提到的一個(gè)事物（人或東西），以避免重復(fù)。one表示同類事物中的任一個(gè)，即：表示泛指，而theone則表示確指。人稱代詞it被用來代替前面提到的那個(gè)東西。不定代詞each常表示每一個(gè)的意思。根據(jù)題意（你要用我的尺子嗎？不，謝謝。我自己有一支。）和結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)選C。.A不定代詞one和theone都可以被用來代替前面提到過的一個(gè)同類事物（人或東西），以避免重復(fù)。one表示泛指，而theone表示確指。題意為：你指的是哪個(gè)人？那位戴一只新金表的?！?AItis/hasbeensincedid