高一必修4unit2workingtheland-完整精講版課件

1、Unit 2 Working the landUnit 2 Working the land Warming up and reading1Have you ever been to the countryside? what did you do there?Warming up I ( 5ms )Answer the following questions: Farming Are you from a farmers family? what do you know about farming?soilploughing cropsweather &climateIrrigating(灌

2、溉)Agriculture in the pastAgriculture in the modern timesPre-reading ( 4ms )Answer the following questions:What is the main food in all East Asian and Southeast Asian countries?Rice. It is said that there are 2.4 billion people to eat rice every day throughout the world. What do you think would happe

3、n if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat?If that happened, people there would suffer from starvation. People would be panic(驚慌) and the whole country would get into trouble. 袁隆平被譽(yù)為中國的“雜交水稻之父”. 中國農(nóng)民說，吃飯靠“兩平”，一靠鄧小平制定了生產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制的政策，二靠袁隆平發(fā)明了雜交稻。 袁隆平，男，年月出生于北京，年畢業(yè)于西南農(nóng)學(xué)院農(nóng)學(xué)系。畢業(yè)后，一直從事農(nóng)業(yè)教育及雜交水稻研究。 在中國人民正

4、鬧饑荒的20世紀(jì)60年代，袁隆平提出了雜交水稻的概念，這種新型水稻具有高產(chǎn)量的特點(diǎn)。10年后，他研制成功了一種產(chǎn)量比一般水稻高出20%的新型水稻。袁隆平一生獻(xiàn)身于農(nóng)業(yè)研究，先后受到聯(lián)合國教科文組織、糧農(nóng)組織的稱譽(yù)。袁隆平雖已年屆歲，仍然一如既往地從事農(nóng)業(yè)研究。袁隆平人物簡歷hybrid rice;System of Production Responsibility;institute;suffer the famine;Yield;UNESCO, FAO.Take a break!Take a break Listen to the tape and answer the following

5、 questions:1.What does Dr Yuan look like?2.Whats his achievement?3.What do you think of him?1.What does Dr Yuan look like?He has a sunburnt face and arms and a slim, strong body. He is more like a farmer than a scientist.2.Whats his achievement?He grows what is called super hybrid rice, which makes

6、it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Using his hybrid rice farmers producing harvests twice as large as before.3.What do you think of him?He doesnt like money because he gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. He doesnt like fame too

7、 though he has made great contributions to the world. Hes really respectable.Why did Dr Yuan want to increase the rice output when he was young?How does he help rid the world of hunger?What kind of life is Dr Yuan leading?Use a few words to describe Dr Yuans personality.Second ReadingReading ( 8ms )

8、Read the text and answer the following questions:Why did Dr Yuan want to increase the rice output when he was young? Dr Yuan wanted to increase the rice output because he saw many people go hungry when he was young.2. How does he help rid the world of hunger? He helps the world get rid of hunger by

9、producing a hybrid strain of rice which increase the harvest.3. What kind of life is Dr Yuan leading? Dr Yuan is leading a simple life, doing his research, listening to his music and riding his motor-bike.4. Use a few words to describe Dr Yuans personality. Dr Yuan is a simple, academic man who is m

10、ore interested in helping others than being famous.Detail reading ( 8ms ) Please write down the smaller heading giving a little more information according to the large headings as follows:A pioneer for all peopleHe wants everyone to call him a farmer.His biography.His personality. His dreams.Large h

11、eadingsHe wants everyone to call him a farmer.His biography.His personality. His dreams.He wants everyone to call him a farmer.A scientist works the land.Sunburnt face and arms, slim ,strong body.Grow hybrid rice.The first agricultural pioneer.His biography.In 1931, he was born.In 1953, he graduated

12、 and devoted his life to finding ways to grow rice.Last year,twenty billion tons of rice was produced. Now, Dr Yuan is circulating his kownledge.His personalityHe is satisfied with his life.Why is he satisfied with his life?Because he doesnt like money and fame.The first dream.The second dream.His d

13、reamsDo you want to end the famine(饑荒)in the world ?If you had the chance to do something to help end hunger in the world, what would you do ?Discussion ( 8ms )The measures taken to deal with hungerInvent a new kind of plant to produce more food.Find a sort of fertilizer(肥料)to give rice enough nutri

14、tion.Stop the pollution to the environment and protect the soil in the field.Assignment Surf the Internet to find more information about farming and you are expected to present it to your classmates in the next class.Take a break!Language points for reading 1If so=If you have ever grown some plants.

15、so 表示“象那樣的，如前所說的”，用于代替已陳述的事。如：can you pass the exam?I hope so.2.Dr Yuan grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁博士種植了被人稱作超級(jí)雜交水稻的稻谷。e.g. I dont quite understand what you are explaining. Please watch what I am doing carefully.What =the thing(s) that_the emperor saw was quite different from_ the old mi

16、nister told him.A. What, that B. That, whatC. Which, that D. All, all 2. It is pretty well understood _controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A. that B. when C. what D. how 3. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same

17、 fields.這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產(chǎn)量。it 在句中作形式賓語，真正的賓語為to produce, 結(jié)構(gòu)為：動(dòng)詞（make, feel, think, regard）+it +adj+ to do.e.g. We think it important to learn English well.4.Born in a poor farmers family in 1931,Dr. Yuan graduate from Southwest Agriculture College in 1953. 袁博士1931年出身于一個(gè)貧苦農(nóng)民的家庭，1953年畢業(yè)于西南農(nóng)學(xué)院。 g

18、raduate n. a person who has completed a university degree course. 畢業(yè)生undergraduate 本科畢業(yè)生post-graduate 碩士畢業(yè)生，研究生graduate vi. complete an educational course. 常跟介詞from，表示“畢業(yè)于”graduation n. 畢業(yè)e.g. After his graduation from college, he went to work as an engineer in a company.=After he graduated from col

19、lege, he went to work as an engineer in a company.Supplement :bachelors degree 學(xué)士學(xué)位masters degree 碩士學(xué)位doctors degree 博士學(xué)位5.Since then, he has devoted his life to finding ways to grow more and more rice. 從那以后，他就把畢生精力投入到水稻高產(chǎn)的研究中。devote oneself to+ n/doing 獻(xiàn)身于，致力于注意：to 為介詞，后面接v-ing.類似的短語還有l(wèi)ook forward

20、to, listen to, get to, reply to, apologize to, belong to, agree to等等. 6. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvest without expanding the area of fields.袁博士尋求一種在不擴(kuò)大種植面積的情況下提高水稻產(chǎn)量的方法。注意：search強(qiáng)調(diào)搜查，一般表示目標(biāo)明確范圍較小。search sb 搜身；search spl 搜查某地search for 強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找，一般表示范圍較大。search for sb 尋找某人e.g. The po

21、lice searched the woods for the lost child.警察在樹林里尋找失蹤的小孩。Scientists are still searching for a cure to the common cold.科學(xué)家們?nèi)匀辉趯ふ移胀ǜ忻暗闹委煼椒?。search/search for/in search of1.The officer went up _the murder.2.The thieves are _the hidden treasure in the museum.3.Birds fly to the south _the winter sunshine.

22、to search searching for in search of7.Thanks to his research, the UN is trying to rid the world of hunger.由于他的研究，聯(lián)合國正在努力清除世界饑餓。thanks to=because of ;owing to e.g._, we won the game.由于你的支持，我們贏得了比賽。Thanks to your support8.Using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他

23、的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出比以前多一倍的糧食。倍數(shù)詞（twice/half/three times/a quarter etc.）+as + 形容詞原級(jí) +as 表示“是的多少倍e.g. The number of the students in our school is _ in their school.我們學(xué)校學(xué)生的數(shù)量是他們學(xué)校的兩倍。twice as large as that9. However, he cares little about spending the money on himself or leading a comfortable life.但是他很少想到要把錢

24、花在自己的身上，或享受舒適的生活。lead a life 過生活。英語中少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，包括一些不及物動(dòng)詞的賓語可能是與它同源的名詞類似的短語動(dòng)詞有：die a death, smile a smile, dream a dream, live a life, sigh a sigh etc.care (little/much) aboutbe concerned about 關(guān)心，介意，后面跟從句時(shí)候，about常省略。care forlook after 照料； like or want 想要，喜歡e.g. Albert Einstein didnt care much about what t

25、o wear. Would you help to care for my pet while I am away?10. Dr Yuan is more a farmer than a scientist.與其說袁博士是一個(gè)科學(xué)家不如說他是一個(gè)農(nóng)民。be more than=not only 不僅僅，超過e.g. Learning is more than reading.be more +A +than +B 與其說是B還倒不如說是Ae.g. He is more an ordinary person than a leader.Remember to review the knowled

26、ge! See you next time!Take a break!Learn about languageLearning about languageChecking answer I ( 3ms )Answer keys for Ex.1 on Page 11:Alternative expressionsWords and expressions from the textdarkened skin need for foodmake something become larger make information live a sunburnthungerrid ofexpandc

27、irculatelead a lifeAlternative expressionsWords and expressions from the textPrefer toBecause of Try extremely Send things thanks towould ratherstruggleexportChecking answer II (3ms)Answer keys for Ex.2 on Page 12:prove2. would rather3. live4. life5. rid6. of7. output8. increased9. sunburntChecking

28、answer III (2ms)Answer keys for Ex.2 on Page 12:super2. satisfied3. strain4. Exported5. suitableUseful structure ( 30m )The use of the -ing formThe ing form as the Subject Object1作主語 動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，句子有兩種形式： 動(dòng)名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。1) 捉弄?jiǎng)e人是我們?nèi)f萬不能干的.Playing tricks on others is something we should never do2)學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對(duì)我來說

29、非常重要。 Learning new words is very important for me3)說比做容易。Talking is easier than doing.用形式主語it，把真正的主語動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。如：和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。It is useless trying to argue with Shylock這事值得去做。 Its worth making the effort想再解釋一次有好處嗎?Is it any good

30、trying to explain?跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。It is pleasant working with you在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“It is impossible to do ”。例如：若要人不知，除非己莫為。There is no hiding of evil but not to do it這種事開不得玩笑。 Here is no joking about such matter.無法知道他什么時(shí)候離開 There was no knowing when he would leave. 動(dòng)名詞與不定式做主語時(shí)的比較： 動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作通常是

31、一個(gè)泛指的動(dòng)作，不定式則通常表示具體的動(dòng)作。如：還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)侯，她就覺得探視病人是一種責(zé)任，也是一種愉悅。As a child，she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure到美國人家里做客對(duì)我來說將是一個(gè)極好的經(jīng)歷。Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me. 一直不做就是作惡。Doing nothing is doing ill他說：“繼續(xù)這樣下去是無用的?！?He said，“To go on like this is no

32、 use”我很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)晚會(huì)。Its an honor for me to be invited to the party歸納：常用-ing形式作主語的句型有：It +be +a waste of time doing 做、是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的It is/was no good/use doing 做、是沒用處的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做、不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做、是值得的There is no doing 無法、， 不允許、There is no sense in doing 做、沒有道理T

33、here is/was no use doing 干、無意義 There is/was nothing worse than doing 沒有比、更糟的There is/was no point doing 干、無意義我們不知道要去哪兒。There was no knowing where we would go. 做這件傻事毫無意義。 There is no point doing such a silly thing. 注意：There is no need to do sth 干、沒必要，在此句式中to do 不可換為doing. 沒有必要告訴她。There is no need to

34、tell her. 提示：當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞用作主語時(shí)，其邏輯主語由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。我姐姐病了，使我很擔(dān)心。My sisters being ill made we worried.你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。 Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong. 2、用作賓語 動(dòng)名詞作賓語有兩種情況。一是有些動(dòng)詞只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語；二是有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可后接不定式作賓語。只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞，常見的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，e

35、scape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。如：我不能不去。I cant avoid going你是否考慮過找一位摯友? Have you considered looking for one special friend? 我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。 We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎? Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€(gè)愚蠢的人。 Peopl

36、e couldnt help laughing foolish man 這類動(dòng)詞還有：excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk等。既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞，常見的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。A在like，love，hate，prefer等動(dòng)詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同，只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同，動(dòng)名詞表示泛指的動(dòng)作，不定式表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。B在begin/start，continue之后，用動(dòng)名詞和不定式，意義無甚區(qū)別，尤其是當(dāng)主語

37、是人的時(shí)候。 C在動(dòng)詞forget，remember，regret之后，用動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同。動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作先于謂語發(fā)生，不定式表示后于謂語動(dòng)作，如：我記得我已把信寄了。 I remember posting the letter我會(huì)記著去寄信的。 Ill remember to post the letter我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記見到過那位著名作家。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer不要忘了給你母親寫信。 Dont forget to write to your mother我真后悔沒趕上那次報(bào)告會(huì)。 I regret missing t

38、he report我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。 I regret to say I cant take your adviceD在try，mean之后，意義各不相同，如try to do (設(shè)法)，try doing (試試)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味著)。如： 我們必須設(shè)法及時(shí)把一切搞好。 We must try to get everything done in time我們用別的方法做這工作試試。 Lets try doing the working in some other way我并不想叫你生氣。I didnt mean

39、to make you angry你的計(jì)劃意味著要花費(fèi)幾個(gè)小時(shí)。 Your plan would mean spending hoursEgo on doing 和go on to doGo on doing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事；go on to do接著做另一件事。如：請(qǐng)接著做這同一個(gè)練習(xí)。Please go on doing the same exercise請(qǐng)做另外一個(gè)練習(xí)。Please go on to do the other exerciseFstop doing與stop to do: Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：我們停止了交談。

40、We stopped talking我們停了下來去談話。 We stopped to talk3作介詞賓語動(dòng)名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。 A介詞+動(dòng)名詞，如：我們得想些法子改變?nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣。Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits. 我向你道歉，剛才對(duì)你那樣生氣。I apologize for being so angry with you.離開幾年之后再回到你生長的地方，感覺有點(diǎn)怪。 After being away for several years，it is a strange experience to return t

41、o the place you were born and brought up B動(dòng)詞+介詞+動(dòng)名詞，如：我堅(jiān)持為這次出行帶足需要的食物。 I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition同學(xué)們臉上沒有笑容，相反都做了怪臉。Instead of smiling，each of them made a face她對(duì)為我們公司工作很感興趣。 She was very interested in working for our company下列短語中的to都是介詞，所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay a

42、ttention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to等 1. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.( 2004全國 ) A. Having suffered B.Suffering C. That D. Suffered精析：根據(jù)句意“it may now be too late to ” 和 “already”可知“河流已經(jīng)被嚴(yán)重污染”，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)。答案A。高考鏈接2. _ the gener

43、al state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. ( 全國2002)A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given解析：本題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法。分析題干，前一部分相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句，即If he is given ，因?yàn)橹骶涫?it，從句應(yīng)含被動(dòng)意義，這恰是過去分詞作狀語的基本含義即含被動(dòng)意義。答案 A。3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my niece.( 2001上海)havin

44、g hung B. hangingC. hangs D. being hung解析：本題考查過去分詞作定語的用法。分析題目可知，謂語是is painted，那么選項(xiàng)部分應(yīng)是充當(dāng)定語的。A項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，其一般不作定語，只作時(shí)間或原因狀語；C項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞“第三人稱單數(shù)”顯然也不能作定語，只作謂語；分析 the picture與動(dòng)作 hang之間的關(guān)系，其不含被動(dòng)意義，D項(xiàng)排除； B項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式，相當(dāng)于定語從句which is hanging。答案B。 Assignment 1. Summarize the rules of ving form as the Subject and Obj

45、ect in your own way. 2. Finish the exercises of “Discovering useful structures” on Page 12 - 13.Take a break!Take a breakUnit 2 Using languageReadingFirst reading ( 3ms ) Read the passage , then find out the main idea of each paragraph.Para 1: Para 2:Para 3: What is organic farming?Farmers prefer na

46、tural waste from animals.Farmers change crops every two or three years.Second reading ( 5ms )Read the text again and answer the following questions:1.What is organic farming?2.What problems are caused by using chemical fertilizers?3.Why do organic farmers grow peas or soybeans after corn or wheat?1.

47、What is organic farming?Organic farming means growing crops without chemical fertilizers.2.What problems are caused by using chemical fertilizers?There are three problems.First, chemical fertilizers affect the soil and the water supply badly.Second, they allow farmers to grow the same crop year afte

48、r year and exhaust the soil.Third, they kill both helpful and harmful pests. 3.Why do organic farmers grow peas or soybeans after corn or wheat?Farmers grow peas or soybeans after corn or wheat so that peas and beans can put minerals back into the soil, making it rich and healthy and ready to grow m

49、ore wheat or corn.Third reading ( 8ms )Read the text again, and fill in the following forms.1.This makes the soil richer in minerals and so more fertile.2.The soil is not exhausted.2.Peas and soybeans renew the minerals in the soil becomes rich and healthy.3.They use the soil to best advantage.3.The

50、y plant crops that need surface soil and next crops that grow at a deeper level. So the wind and water doesnt carry away the soil.All the richness of the soil is used.Advantages of organic farmingReasons1.Farmers use natural waste from animals.What is the disadvantage of using chemical fertilizers?1

51、.Leaving chemicals in the ground for a long time is not good for the soil or the water supply.2.Farmer often grow the same crop year after.As a result, the soil gets exhausted.3.Chemical fertilizers kill both helpful and harmful bacteria and pests.Retelling ( 8ms )Retell the text according to the ch

52、art:Organic farmingI.Crops growing with natural fertilizers.II.Farmers prefer natural waste from animals.Natural fertilizerChemical fertilizer1.makericher and more fertile2.reduceand helpstrong3.the fertilizers killand healthy4.keep freefrom chemicals1.leavingis not good2.growyear after yearIII.Farm

53、ers change crops every two or three years. to make sure what is left Take a break!Take a break1. What made Jia Sixie become interested in improving Chinese farming? He saw how some farms produced good crops and healthy animals and others did not.Reading task on Page 51 ( 15ms)Read the passage on Pag

54、e 51, then finish the exercises on Page 52.2. How did he think he could help farmers? He thought that when he found the best agricultural methods he would write them dawn so all farmers.Advice for farmersKeeping seedsChoosing seeds to planthang seed-heads up to dry all winter, knock seeds out when t

55、hey are sownchoose ones with the best colour3. What advice did he give farmers? Make notes in the chart.Advice for farmersWay to get rid of weeds(1)Way to get rid of weeds(2)let animals eat them before planting turn the soil over and cover so the weeds die.Advice for farmersAutumn plantingSpring plo

56、ughingCrops deep ploughing less deep ploughingchange crops grown in the same field every year.Language points for reading IIAssignmentFinish the exercises on workbook.Do some reading comprehension.Take a break!Take a breakListening and speakingAsk the students to answer the following question:If you

57、 want to plant some crops, what kind of fertilizer will you use? Why?Warming up ( 2ms )Listening I ( 18ms )Listening on Page 14. 1. Listen to the passage for twice, then finish the chart in Ex.1 on Page 14.Answer keys:Farming practicesMr Jones farmMr Smiths farmCrops grownfertilizerOther plant nutri

58、tionResults Carrots, cucumbers, pumpkins Carrots, cucumbers, pumpkinschemicalnaturalwaterwaterempty inside Solid and healthy inside 2. Listen to the tape for the third time and try to find the answers for Ex.2 and Ex.3 on Page 15, then check the answers.Suggested answer to Ex.2: The results from the

59、 two farms are so different because the healthy soil from Mr Smiths farm helped his plants fight the disease and grow healthily. Suggested answer to Ex.3: Summary D is the correct answer.Listening II ( 6ms )Listening Task on Page 50.1. Listen to the tape for twice and finish the exercise on 51, then

60、 check the answers.Suggested answer:A Greece B RomeC Middle East and AfricaD North AmericaSpeaking - I ( 8ms )1. Imagine you want to start your own farm. Discuss how you would start it with your partners. Think about the following points( in groups): A) kind of farm (give reasons for your choice) B)