原子核物理專業(yè)詞匯中英文對照表

1、原子核物理專業(yè)詞匯中英文對照表absorption cross-section吸收截面activity radioactivity放射性活度activity活度adiabatic approximation浸漸近似allowed transition容許躍遷angular correlation角關 聯(lián)angular distribution角分布angular-momentum conservation角動量守恒anisotropy各項異性度annihilation radiation湮沒輻射anomalous magnetic moment反常極矩anti neutrino反中微子anti

2、particle反粒子artificial radioactivity人工放射性atomic mass unit原子質(zhì)量單位atomic mass原子質(zhì)量atomic nucleus原子核Auger electron俄歇電子bag model口袋模型baryon number重子數(shù)baryon 重子binary fission二分裂變binging energy結合能black hole黑洞bombarding particle轟擊 粒子bottom quark底夸克branching ration分支比bremsstrahlung軔致輻射cascade radiation級聯(lián)輻 射casca

3、de transition級聯(lián)躍 遷centrifugal barrier離心 勢壘chain reaction鏈式反應characteristic X-ray特征 X射線Cherenkov counter切連科夫計數(shù)器collective model集體模型1collective rotation集體轉動collective vibration集體 振動color charge色荷complete fusion reaction全熔合反 應complex potential復勢compound-nucleus decay復合核衰 變compound-nucleus model復合核模型com

4、pound nucleus復合核Compton effect康普頓效應Compton electron康普頓電子Compton scattering康普頓散射conservation law守恒定律controlled thermonuclear fusion受控熱核聚變cosmic ray宇宙射 線Coulomb barrier庫侖勢壘Coulomb energy庫倫能Coulomb excitation庫侖激發(fā)CPT theoremCPT定理critical angular momentum臨界角動量critical distance臨界距離critical mass臨界質(zhì)量critica

5、l volume臨界體積damped oscillations阻尼震 蕩damped vibration阻尼震 蕩damped wave阻尼波damper 減震器damping factor衰減系數(shù)damping 衰減的damp proof防潮的damp 濕氣danger coefficient危險系數(shù)danger dose危險劑量danger range危險距離danger signal危險信號data acquisition and processing system數(shù)據(jù)獲得和處理系統(tǒng)data base 數(shù)據(jù) 庫data communication數(shù)據(jù)通信2data processing數(shù)

6、據(jù)處理data數(shù)據(jù)dating測定年代daughter atom子體原子daughter element子體元素daughter nuclear子核daughter nucleus子體核daughter nuclide子體核素daughter蛻變產(chǎn) 物dd reaction dd反應deactivation去活化dead band不靈敏區(qū)dead time correction死時間校正dead time失靈 時間deaerate除氣deaeration除氣deaerator除氣器空氣分離器deaquation脫水debris activity碎片放射性debris碎片de broglie e

7、quation德布羅意方程de broglie frequency德布羅意頻率de broglie relation德布羅意方程de broglie wavelength德布羅意波長de broglie wave德布羅意波debye radius德拜半徑debye temperature德拜溫度decade counter tube十進計數(shù)管decade counting circuit十進制計數(shù)電路decade counting tube十進管decade scaler十進位定標器decagram十克decalescence 相變吸熱decalescent point金屬突然吸 熱溫度dec

8、arburization脫碳decascaler十進制定標器decatron十進計數(shù)管3decay chain衰變鏈decay coefficient衰變常數(shù)decay constant衰變常數(shù)decay constant衰變常量decay energy衰變能decay factor衰變常數(shù)decay fraction衰變分支比decay heat removal system衰變熱去除系 統(tǒng)decay heat衰變熱decay kinematics衰變運動學decay out 完全衰 變decay period冷卻周期decay power衰減功率decay rate衰變速度decay sc

9、heme衰變綱圖decay series放射系decay storage衰變貯存decay table衰變表decay time衰變時間decay衰減decelerate減速deceleration減速decigram分克decimeter wave分米波decommissioning退役decompose 分解decomposition temperature分解溫度decomposition化學分解decontaminability可去 污性decontamination area去污區(qū)decontamination factor去污因子decontamination index去污指數(shù)d

10、econtamination凈化decoupled band分離 帶decoupling去耦解開decrease衰減decrement減少率4deep dose equivalent index深部 劑量當量指 標deep inelastic reaction深度非 彈性反應deep irradiation深部輻照deep therapy深部 療de excitation去激發(fā)de exemption去免除defectoscope探傷儀defect 缺陷definition分辨deflecting coil偏轉線圈deflector偏轉裝置deformation energy變形能deform

11、ation of irradiated graphite輻照過石墨變形deformation parameter形變參量deformation變形deformed nucleus變形核deformed region變形區(qū)域deform 變形degassing脫氣degas 除氣degeneracy簡并degenerate configuration退化位形degenerate gas簡并氣體degenerate level簡并能級degenerate state簡并態(tài)degeneration簡并degradation of energy能量散逸degradation軟化degraded spe

12、ctrum軟化譜degree of acidity酸度degree of burn up燃耗度degree of purity純度dehumidify減濕dehydrating agent脫水 劑dehydration脫水deionization rate消電離率deionization time消電離時間5deionization消電離delay circuit延遲電路delayed alpha particles緩發(fā) 粒子delayed neutron緩發(fā) 中子delayed proton緩發(fā)質(zhì) 子deliquescence潮解deliquescent潮解的demagnetization去

13、磁denitration脫硝density gradient instability密度梯度不 穩(wěn)定性density of electrons電子密度deoxidation脫氧deoxidization脫氧departure from nucleate boiling ratio偏離泡核沸 騰比departure from nucleate boiling偏離泡核沸 騰depleted fuel貧化燃料deposit dose地面沉降物 劑量deposited activity沉積的放射性deposition沉積deposit 沉淀depression減壓depressurization ac

14、cident失壓事故depressurizing system降壓系統(tǒng)desalinization脫鹽desalting脫鹽descendant后代desorption解吸detailed balance principle細致平衡原理detection of radiation輻射線的探測detonation爆炸deuteride氘化物deuterium alpha reaction氘反應deuterium重氫deuton 氘核deviation偏差dew point露點dextro rotatory右旋的6diagnostic radiology診斷放射學diagnostics診斷diag

15、ram線圖diamagnetism反磁性diameter直徑diamond 穩(wěn)定區(qū) ; 金剛石diaphragm薄膜diatomic gas雙原子氣體diatomic molecule二原子分子dielectric電介質(zhì)differential control rod worth控制棒微分價 值differential cross section微分截面diffraction spectrometer衍射 譜儀diffraction spectrum衍射光 譜diffraction衍射diffuse擴散diffusion stack務馬 堆diffusion theory擴散理論diffusi

16、on time擴散時間diffusion擴散dilution稀釋dipole偶極子dirac equation狄拉克方程direction方向discharge放電discrete離散的disintegrate蛻衰disintegration蛻變dislocation位錯disorder無序dispersion分散displacement current位移 電流displace位移;代替dissociation離解dissolution溶解distillation蒸餾distortion畸變7divergence發(fā)散domain 磁疇Dopper effect多普勒效 應dose albed

17、o劑量反照率dose build up factor劑量積累因子dose equivalent劑量當量dose rate劑量率dose 劑量down quark下夸克dry out燒干duality二重性duct 管dysprosium鏑endothermic reaction吸能反 應energy conservation能量守恒even-even nucleus偶偶核exchange force交換力excited state激發(fā)態(tài)exothermic reaction放能反 應exposure照射量fatigue疲勞feedback反饋fermi age費米年 齡fermion費米子fe

18、rmium鐨fermi費米Feynman diagram費恩曼圖field theory場論fine structure精細結構fissile分裂的fissionable分裂的fission barrier裂變勢壘fission fragment裂變碎片fission product yield裂變產(chǎn)額fission product裂變產(chǎn)物flattening of neutron flux中子通量展平8fluorescent x rays熒光 x 射線fluorine氟flux 通量forbidden band禁帶force 力francium鈁free electron自由電子free e

19、nergy自由能frenkel defect弗蘭克爾缺陷frictional force摩擦力fuel assembly grid燃料集合體柵格fuel assembly核燃料 組件fuel cell燃料電池fuel depletion燃料貧化fuel reprocessing燃料后處理function函數(shù)fusion核聚 變galaxy星系Gamow-Teller interactionG-T 相互作用gauge boson規(guī)范波色子gauge field theory規(guī)范場論Geiger-Mller counter蓋革 - 米勒計數(shù)器Geiger-Nuttal law蓋革 - 努塔爾定律g

20、eometrical cross-section幾何截面germanium detector鍺探測器giant resonance巨共振gluon膠子grid ionization chamber屏柵電離室hadron強子heavy ion重離子helicity螺旋性Higgs particle希格斯粒子Hubble constant哈勃常量Hubble law哈勃定理incoming channel入射道incoming particle入射粒子independent-particle model獨立粒子模型9induced fission誘發(fā)裂變inelastic collision非彈性

21、碰撞inelastic scattering非彈性散射inertial confinement慣性約束internal conversion內(nèi)轉換intrinsic electric quadrupole moment內(nèi)稟 電四極矩intrinsic parity內(nèi)稟宇稱island of isomerism同核異能素 島island of stability穩(wěn)定島isobaric spin,isospin同位旋isobar同量異位素isomer同核異能素isospin analog state同位旋相似 態(tài)isospin multiplet同位旋多重 態(tài)isotone同中異位素isotope

22、同位素j j coupling j j耦合joule heat焦耳 熱jump function階躍函數(shù)junction particle detector結型粒子探 測器kerma rate比釋動能率kerma 柯瑪kernel approximation method核近似法kernel function核函數(shù)kernel核kerr cell克爾盒kerr effect克爾效 應kevatron千電子伏級加速器key measurement point關鍵測 量點k factor增殖系數(shù)kinetic theory of gases氣體運 動論kirchhoffs radiation la

23、w基爾霍夫 輻射定律klein gordon equation克萊因 戈登方程klein nishina formula克萊因 仁科公式knight shift奈特移位knocking out原子位移knock on atom撞出原子10knock on撞擊撞出krypton氪k shell k層Kurie plot庫里厄圖labeled示蹤的labile不穩(wěn)定的lag 延遲laminar flow層流lande g factor朗德因子lanthanides鑭系lanthanum鑭laplaces operator拉普拉斯算符laplacian拉普拉斯算符larmor frequency回旋

24、頻率laser cooling激光冷卻laser enrichment process激光濃縮法laser isotope separation method激光同位素分離法laser pulse激光脈沖laser激光latent energy潛能lattice cell柵元lattice constant晶格常數(shù)lattice defect點陣缺陷lattice energy晶格能量lattice parameter晶格常數(shù)lattice格子laue photograph勞厄照相l(xiāng)awrencium鐒Lawson criterion勞森判據(jù)lead鉛lepton輕子level能級libera

25、tion游離limit極限liquid metal液態(tài)金屬liquid model液體模型liquid phase液相11lithium 鋰load 負荷lorentz force洛倫茲力lorentz gas洛倫茲氣體lorentz invariance洛倫茲不變性low activity waste低放廢物lower limit下限lutetium镥macroscopic cross section宏觀截面macroscopic state宏觀態(tài)magic number幻數(shù)magnesium 鎂magnetic dipole磁偶極子magnetic field磁場magnetic reso

26、nance磁共振magnetism磁manganese 錳many body forces多體力many body problem多體 問題mass abundance質(zhì)量豐度mass energy conversion formula質(zhì)能換算公式mass excess質(zhì)量過剩mass range質(zhì)量射程mass spectrometer質(zhì)譜儀maximum 最大值maxwell boltzmann distribution麥克斯 韋分布函數(shù)mean collision time平均碰撞 時間mean field平均 場mean value平均 值mean 平均melting point熔點m

27、embrane 薄膜memory 存儲mendeleevs law門捷列夫周期律mendelevium鍆mercury汞meson exchange theory介子交 換理論12meson field theory介子場理論meson 介子meson 介子metamorphose變形methane 甲烷methanol甲醇methyl alcohol甲醇migration移動mobility遷移率moderate減速moderation減速modulus of elasticity彈性模數(shù)modulus of rigidity剛性模數(shù)modulus of rupture斷裂模數(shù)modulus

28、 of torsion扭轉模數(shù)modulus 剛性模數(shù)moisture濕氣molar fraction克分子分數(shù)molecular mass分子質(zhì)量molecular orbital分子 軌函數(shù)molten salt熔鹽molybdenum 鉬monte carlo method蒙特 卡羅法neodymium 釹neon 氖neptunium镎neutrino中微子neutron flux中子通量neutronics中子物理學neutron 中子nickel鎳niobium鈮nitrogen氮nobelium锘nominal value公稱值nuclear fission核裂 變nuclear

29、 fission核裂 變13nuclear force核力nuclear fuel核燃料nuclear spallation核散裂nucleon核子nucleus核nuclide核素nu factor每次裂 變后的中子 產(chǎn)額ood-A nucleus奇 A 核ood-ood nucleus奇奇核optical model光學模型orbital angular momentum軌道角動量orbital electron capture軌道電子俘獲pair creation， pair production對產(chǎn) 生pairing correlation對關聯(lián)pairing energy對能pare

30、nt nucleus母核parity宇稱partial-wave analysis分波分析partial-wave cross-section分波截面particle physics粒子物理photoelectric effect光電效應pick-up reaction拾取反 應polarization極化度potential barrier勢壘prompt neutron瞬發(fā)中子proportional chamber正比室proton radioactivity質(zhì)子放射性proton質(zhì)子quark confinement夸克禁 閉quark-gluon plasma夸克 - 膠子等離子體q

31、uark model夸克模型quark夸克radiation damage輻射損傷radiation dose輻射劑量radiation protection輻射防護radiative capture輻射俘獲radioactive dating放射性 鑒年法14radioactive equilibrium放射性平衡radioactive nuclide放射性核素radioactive series放射系radioactivity放射性range射程reaction channel反應道reaction cross-section反應截面reaction energy反映能reaction p

32、roduct反應產(chǎn)物reactionyield反應產(chǎn)額recoilless resonance absorption無反沖共振吸收residual interaction剩余相互作用residual nuclease剩余核resolution分辨率resolving time分辨 時間resonance cross-section共振截面resonance energy共振能量resonance state共振 態(tài)rotational energy level轉動能級saddle point鞍點samarium poisoning釤中毒samarium 釤scalar標量scandium鈧sc

33、attering散射scheme 圖解Schrodinger equation薛定諤方程scintillation detector閃爍探測器scram control快速停堆控制scram discharge volume快速停堆排放量scram rod安全棒selenium硒self absorption coefficient自吸收系數(shù)self absorption自吸收self adjoint matrix自共軛矩陣self adjoint operator自共軛算子self adjoint自軛的15semiconductor半導體sensitivity靈敏度series 系 ; 級數(shù)

34、shell model殼層模型shell structure殼層結構shim rod補償 棒shim 補償shut off rod安全棒silicon硅simulation模擬singularity奇性slab reactor平板反 應堆slow down 減速slowing down area慢化面 積small angle scattering小角散射sodium fluoride氟化 鈉sodium 鈉soft component of cosmic rays字宙射 線的軟成分solar cosmic ray太陽宇宙 線solar neutrino太陽中微子solar x ray太陽 x

35、射線solenoid螺旋管solid angle立體角solid phase固相solid solution固溶體soluble可溶的solute 溶質(zhì)source data源數(shù)據(jù)source strength源強度space group空間群space lattice空間點陣spacing間距spallation散裂special relativity狹義相對論special report專題報 告special theory of relativity狹義相對論specific activity比放射性16specific binding energy比結合能specific burn u

36、p比燃耗specific charge比電荷specific concentration比濃度specific比的specimen試樣spectral line光譜線spectral series光譜線系spectrum譜speed 速率spent nuclear material pool燒過 的核材料 貯存池sphere 球spherical reactor球形反應堆spherical wave球面波spin angular momentum自旋角動量spin dependent force自旋相關力spin 自旋splitting of energy levels能級分裂splittin

37、g ratio分開比spontaneous decay 自發(fā)衰變spot 斑sputtering飛濺square bracket方括弧stable equilibrium穩(wěn)定平衡stainless steel不銹鋼standing wave駐波stark effect斯塔克效 應statistical error統(tǒng)計誤 差statistical fluctuation統(tǒng)計漲 落statistical mechanics統(tǒng)計力學statistical straggling統(tǒng)計漲 落statistical uncertainty統(tǒng)計 不確定性statistical weight統(tǒng)計 重量stati