高中英語(yǔ)完形填空解題技巧及指導(dǎo)

1、.高中英語(yǔ)完形填空解題技巧與指導(dǎo) 解題步驟:1.通讀全文,理解大意。重視首句信息,跳過(guò)空格,瀏覽全文,從整體上感知全文,理解文章大意,這是解題的基礎(chǔ)。瞻前顧后,避難就易。在理解文章大意的情況下,結(jié)合各選項(xiàng)的意義和用法,遵循先易后難的原則,先解決那些自己有把握的問(wèn)題。對(duì)少數(shù)難題,暫時(shí)跳過(guò),或許在上文中難以判斷的題在下文中就有暗示或者明顯的提示,或許一個(gè)在前面不能解答的題在填出了另一空后會(huì)令你豁然開朗。復(fù)讀全文,解決殘敵。借助已經(jīng)補(bǔ)全的空格,我們對(duì)全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解決所遺留的少數(shù)疑難問(wèn)題。4.再次復(fù)讀,彌補(bǔ)疏漏,全部做好后,考生務(wù)必要結(jié)合自己選擇的答案重新閱讀短文內(nèi)容,確保全文文意連

2、貫。綜合認(rèn)識(shí)：一、從所選文章的角度體裁上,以敘為主,敘議結(jié)合。高考完形填空題的選材多為具有一定故事情節(jié)的記敘文或是敘議結(jié)合、以敘為主、富有哲理的論說(shuō)文,這是和高考考生的語(yǔ)言水平緊密結(jié)合的。高考是各級(jí)各類英語(yǔ)測(cè)試中相對(duì)較簡(jiǎn)單的一種,因而采取了常見(jiàn)體裁中較簡(jiǎn)單的記敘文作為題目載體。因此,短文一般按照時(shí)間線索行文,內(nèi)部邏輯清晰層次分明。題材上,選用真實(shí)世界中的語(yǔ)言材料,考查考生使用語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行信息獲取和社會(huì)交際的能力,對(duì)心理問(wèn)題、校園生活、奇聞?shì)W事等熱點(diǎn)話題繼續(xù)關(guān)注,并兼顧高考的公平性原則,不涉及特定地域或人群色彩較濃的不具有一般性的話題。1.所選的文章大多是有一定故事情節(jié)的記敘文或夾敘夾議的短文,難度

3、與高中教材大致相同,長(zhǎng)度一般在250到300詞之間。2.保留提示句。短文的第一句話多是完整的,以期給考生創(chuàng)造一個(gè)語(yǔ)境,給考生以提示。3.情景意義選擇為主,語(yǔ)法選擇填空為輔。完形填空考查的重點(diǎn)是以對(duì)文章的通篇理解和詞匯意義為主,以考查慣用搭配、常識(shí)和語(yǔ)法為輔。4.單詞填空為主,短語(yǔ)或詞組的整體填空為輔。5.邏輯性強(qiáng),實(shí)詞即所謂信息詞匯為主實(shí)詞中以動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞為主,虛詞為輔。 二、從所挖空格的角度首先,該題型所選短文一般無(wú)標(biāo)題,但首句通常不設(shè)空,目的是讓考生熟悉語(yǔ)言環(huán)境,迅速進(jìn)入主題,對(duì)文章有宏觀和整體性的把握,建立正確的思維導(dǎo)向。正文中通常挖去20個(gè)詞組,平均每14詞挖一個(gè)空格,通常

4、不會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)空格前后相連或同一句子挖空超過(guò)三個(gè)的情況。其次,挖去的詞匯以實(shí)詞為主,虛詞為輔。語(yǔ)言分為形式和內(nèi)容兩方面,而完形填空題多重視考查語(yǔ)言的內(nèi)容,這是與承載具體信息的實(shí)詞緊密相關(guān)的。在高考對(duì)具體語(yǔ)法規(guī)則不斷淡化的趨勢(shì)下,常與語(yǔ)言形式即具體語(yǔ)法條目相關(guān)的虛詞數(shù)量不斷下降,目前僅在3個(gè)空格左右。最后,具體挖空的時(shí)候遵循重復(fù)原則,即挖去的詞通常都在保留的上下文中給出解題的線索。并且,某特定空格的解題線索多不在本空格所在的句子,或上一句或下一句,或上幾句或下幾句,所以我們?cè)诳紙?chǎng)上應(yīng)逾越空格所在的單句,結(jié)合更宏觀的上下文來(lái)解題。三、從所擬選項(xiàng)的角度同一空格所對(duì)應(yīng)的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)一般是同一詞性,或在句子中

5、充當(dāng)同樣的語(yǔ)法成分,這個(gè)擬選項(xiàng)時(shí)所應(yīng)遵循的最基本的原則。在完形填空題中,具體的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則不再是考查重點(diǎn),更強(qiáng)調(diào)的是辨別詞語(yǔ)之間的細(xì)微差異,考查考生對(duì)上下文的理解,要求考生通過(guò)具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境來(lái)做出選擇。所以,所擬出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)往往在語(yǔ)法方面都能成立,錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)多半可以和空前、空后的文字形成某種考生非常熟悉的固定搭配,具有很強(qiáng)的干擾和迷惑作用。針對(duì)這種情況,考生們?cè)诮忸}過(guò)程中就更要緊抓文章主線,站在語(yǔ)篇的高度綜合處理各選項(xiàng)的取舍。完型填空題是集詞語(yǔ)辨析、詞的用法以及搭配、語(yǔ)法、單句理解、語(yǔ)篇理解的考查為一體的綜合題,不但要求同學(xué)們具有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),而且還要求必須具備較強(qiáng)的分析理解、邏輯推斷能力及語(yǔ)感。

6、該題型在歷屆高考試題中起著重要的作用,通常從一篇詞數(shù)250左右、難度略低于教材上課文的文章中設(shè)空格20個(gè)。具體來(lái)說(shuō),由于短文被挖去一些詞,造成信息的中斷,做題時(shí),必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)思維斷層現(xiàn)象。如果不掌握正確的解題思路及步驟,并通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)挠?xùn)練的話,面對(duì)此題時(shí)就會(huì)束手無(wú)策,久而久之就會(huì)對(duì)完形填空產(chǎn)生厭煩、恐懼心理,更不利于能力的提高,不利于臨場(chǎng)發(fā)揮。具體操作中應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)的問(wèn)題 一、從單句中選擇答案。 這是完形填空考查項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)最簡(jiǎn)單的一種。它相當(dāng)于一道單項(xiàng)選擇題,它不需要通過(guò)上下文,而是讀它本句即能判斷出正確答案。例如：MET90完形填空中的第一句 While my father was an off

7、icer of the British army in South Africa, we lived in a41 house.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別為：A. two-storeyed B.two storeyed C.two-storeys D.two storeys 只要學(xué)過(guò)構(gòu)詞法,考生很容易就能選出正確答案是A。不過(guò)該考查項(xiàng)在完形填空的設(shè)計(jì)中所占的比例很小。尋找信息詞或信息選擇答案。 在一篇完形填空文章中,就一句所言,很難確定正確的答案。若繼續(xù)讀下去,就能發(fā)現(xiàn)與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的信息詞或信息句子出現(xiàn),這些詞或句往往是直接或間接地提示出正確的答案。 Washoe is a young chimpanzee.

8、She is no41 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research 42 her. They want to see how civilizedshe can 43 .Already she does many things a human being can do. 41.A.foolish B. ordinary C. special D. simple 42.A.for B. by C. to D. on 43.A.experience B. change C. develop D. become 這篇文章的第一個(gè)空格,若按照單

9、句理解的方法去解答,顯然不行。此段中的最后一句Already she does many things a human being can do是信息句,它暗示我們這是一只非同尋常的大猩猩,正確答案顯然是B。 空42的答案,可以按照上下文,特別是空41的信息詞no ordinary,說(shuō)明科學(xué)家們正在這只動(dòng)物身上做一些研究工作。因此選D.on是最佳答案。 空43的答案,按照上下文,從意義上看,似乎B.change和C.develop D.become都是正確的答案。但本句中civilized是個(gè)信息詞,它在本句中是過(guò)去分詞作形容詞,作how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中某個(gè)系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ),很顯然,答案是D.be

10、come。 三、根據(jù)詞的固定搭配和固定句型來(lái)選擇答案。 詞的固定搭配,特別是動(dòng)詞的搭配和詞語(yǔ)類型試題是完形填空測(cè)試的重點(diǎn),多數(shù)題目涉及到動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法和各種搭配關(guān)系,這是由動(dòng)詞在句子中的重要性決定的。動(dòng)詞在搭配關(guān)系上與名詞、介詞、副詞緊密相連,測(cè)試的范圍較廣。這就要求考生多讀、多記,對(duì)所學(xué)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞能牢固掌握,并能靈活運(yùn)用。舉例如,at the sight of,fall in love with . 四、通過(guò)上下文來(lái)選擇答案。 該項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)主要是考查考生的綜合分析能力。測(cè)試內(nèi)容包括篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和推理判斷能力,這些答案的選擇,起關(guān)鍵作用的是上下文的關(guān)系,也就是說(shuō),對(duì)短文的理解是非常重要的,這種考查項(xiàng)目的

11、設(shè)計(jì)所占的比例較大,且難度也大,若從單句或局部來(lái)分析,所給的四個(gè)答案在語(yǔ)法或結(jié)構(gòu)上都是正確的,若放在全局,則不一定正確?？忌仨毻ㄟ^(guò)部分上下文甚至全文才能選出正確的答案來(lái)。 如The dog seemed to47 his mushrooms and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange 48 quite pleasant taste.選擇項(xiàng)： A. refuse B. hate C. want D. enjoy 此句的答案只有看了后文的信息詞began t

12、o eat和saying.來(lái)判斷,D ,enjoy是 .It was an early morning in summer. In the street, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their 41 A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices 從信息詞early morning和sleepy-eyed來(lái)判斷,B. homes不符合邏輯,按生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),他們是去上班。這時(shí)有些考生就會(huì)認(rèn)為,既然上班,就要去擠公交車或去辦公室。但上班的人也有步行的、騎車的或坐地鐵的,也有自己開車去的。人們

13、上班有去農(nóng)場(chǎng)、煤礦,露天碼頭,還有工廠車間,不一定去辦公室。因此,C. buses和D. offices不符合現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。體驗(yàn)過(guò)程：短文是以作者的父親給他童年生活帶來(lái)的愛(ài)與歡樂(lè)而展開的回憶與聯(lián)想。 In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call _21_and love. I dont remember my father ever getting into a swimming pool. B

14、ut he did _22_the water. Any kind of _23_ride seemed to give him pleasure. _24_he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along. But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. I liked being _25_the water, moving through it, _26_it all around me. I was not a strong _27_, or one who l

15、earned to swim early, for I had my _28_. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my fathers office and _29_those summer days with my father, who _30_ come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit, the _31_person not in swimsuit. After swimmi

16、ng, I would go _32_ his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me _33_anything I found in his top desk drawer. Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk _34_ he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldnt be playing wi

17、th his _35_. But my father always _36_and said easily, Oh, no, its _37_. Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get _38_ an ice cream A poet once said, We look at life once, in childhood,; the rest is _39_. And I think it is not only what we look at once, in childhood that determines our memori

18、es, but _40_, in that childhood, look at us. 21A. desire B. joy C. anger D. worry 22A. avoid B. refuse C. praise D. love 23A. boat B. bus C. train D. bike 24A. But B. Then C. And D. Still 25A. on B. off C. by D. in 26A. having B. leaving C. making D. getting 27A. swimmer B. rider C. walker D. runner

19、 28A. hopes B. faiths C. rights D. fears 29A. spending B. saving C. wasting D. ruining 30A. should B. would C. had to D. ought to 31A. next B. only C. other D. last 32A. away from B. out of C. by D. inside 33A. put up B. break down C. play with D. work out 34A. the moment B. the first time C. while

20、D. before 35A. fishing net B. office things C. wooden chair D. lab equipment 36A. stood up B. set out C. showed up D. turned out 37A. fine B. strange C. terrible D. funny 38A. the student B. the assistant C. myself D. himself 39A. memory B. wealth C. experience D. practice 40A. which B. who C. what

21、D. whose 21.A22.D23.D24.C25.D26.A27.A28.D29.A30.B31B.32.D33.C34.C35.B36.C37.A38.C39.A40B. 下面請(qǐng)?jiān)囍凑绽蠋煹慕忸}提示去完成下面這篇介紹美國(guó)素有nba籃球小皇帝之稱詹姆士. 勒布朗。Lebron James isnt the first high school basketball player to go straight into the NBA, but hes probably the best. he has the body, skills and the basketball brain o

22、f an all-star . this _1_ was on _2_ as he scored 41 points to take Cleveland cavaliers to a 107-104 win over the new jersey nets on march 28. aged of 19 years and 87 days, James became the _3 _ player to score 40 or more in the NBA. it was by far James best _4_ , said Cleveland coach Paul Silas. kno

23、wn to his friends _5_ the king, this was the day James earned his crown. but he was _6_ from being a king during a childhood spent in the back streets of Akron, Ohio. _7_ many other African-American basketball players, James early years were a _8 _ . his mother Gloria was just 16 when she gave birth

24、 to him; he knows nothing about his father. mother and son battled for everything from food to a place to live. _9 _ help from his grandmother and neighbors, James would _10 _ have died when he was young. this spirit of survival has served him well on court, forcing him to take any _11_ he finds. I

25、_12_ losing, I dont like losing, said James of his 41-point display. I _13_ the opportunity for us to win and I was _14_ to capture it. at 2.03 meters, he is no Yao Ming but this didnt _15_ him being first choice in 2003 NBA draft. This was _16 _ to his strength and skill, much of which he learned f

26、rom high school American football.although he has a _ 17_ brain, James has never had to concentrate on _18_ . some people think this is a mistake and say he should have gone to college to _19_ his mind. but James is one of the lucky few who has found fame and fortune _20_ a diploma . on the court, h

27、e is king.1. a. performance b. activity c. action d. talent 2. a. sale b. exhibition c. show d. duty 3. a. oldest b. strongest c. tallest d. youngest 4. a. performance b. lesson c. action d. appearance 5. a. for b. as c. by d. with 6. a. well b. far c. deep d. late 7. a. as b. like c. likely d. alik

28、e 8. a. fight b. struggle c. battle d. war 9. a. except for b. except c. besides d. without 10. a. certainly b. impossible c. hardly d. probably 11. a. goal b. game c. match d. chance 12. a. hate b. refuse c. object d. reject 13. a. grasped b. seized c. caught d. held 14. a. afraid b. unlucky c. able d. certain 15. a. keep b. forbid c. protect d. stop 16. a. according b. referring c. thanks d. sticking 17. a. fast b. quick c. high d. top 18. a. studying b. resting c. sleeping d. eating 19. a. advance b. march c. inc