二次精讀-p5文章講解植物類

★★究竟如何判斷新概【Paragraph1】Transitionhighvslow-Thetransition新概念:過渡帶)fromforestvegetation)totreelesstundraonamountainslopeisoftenadramaticone. ticaldistanceofjustafewtensofmeters,treesdisappear=treeless)asalife-formandarereplacedbylowshrubs,herbs,andsteppeorThis(指代邏輯)rapid(+)zoneoftransitioniscalledtheuppertimberlineortreeline.(并列邏輯)Inmanysemiarid(=littlewater)areasthereisalsoalowertimberlinewheretheforestpassesinto atitsloweredge,usuallybecause(因果邏輯詞)ofalack(-)ofmoisture(否定對象).steppeorTheword“dramatic”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningWhereisthelowertimberlinementionedinparagraph1likelytobe○Inanareathathaslittle○Inanareathathaslittle○Aboveatransition○OnamountainthathasonupperWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutboththeupperandlowertimberlines?中心詞transition的體現(xiàn)?！養(yǎng)otharetreelesszones.○B(yǎng)othmarkforestboundaries(transition中心詞的體現(xiàn)○B(yǎng)otharesurroundedbydesert○B(yǎng)othsufferfromalackof【Paragraph2】Highvslow;evergreenvsTheuppertimberline(舊),like(比較邏輯)thesnowline,ishighestintheandlowestinthePolarRegions.It(指代)ranges(=high&low的體現(xiàn))fromsealevelinthePolarRegions4,500舉例邏輯metersintheTimberlinetreesare

subtropicsand3,500-4,500metersin(新概念),suggestingthatthesedeciduoussomeadvantageover(deciduoustheextremeenvironmentsoftheupperTherearesomeareas,however轉折邏輯

(thosethatlosetheirleaves)提出特例),wheredeciduoustreesformthetimberline.Speciesofbirchbirch，因為是特例),forexample(舉例邏輯),mayoccuratthetimberlineinpartsoftheHimalayas.Paragraph2supportswhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdeciduous○Theycannotgrowincold○Theydonotexistattheupper○Theyarelesslikelythanevergreenstosurviveattheupper○Theydonotrequireas oistureasevergreensdo.【Paragraph3Deform&Heights變形程度沒那么嚴重):中高Ridgevs.tropic-ValleyAttheuppertimberlinethetreesbegin etwistedanddeformed(念intinthemiddleandupperonwhereas(轉折邏輯)inThisisparticularlytrueforattaingreaterheights(新概念)reachtheirgreaterheightsin

,whichtendtheThisisbecause(因果邏輯)middle-andupper-latitudetimberlinesarestronglyinfluencedby(因果邏輯詞,接原因)thedurationanddepthofthesnowcover.As(因果邏輯詞)thesnowisdeeperandlastslongerinthevalleys,treestendtogreaterexposedontheridges,eventhough(greaterexposedInthetropics,thevalleysappeartobemorefavorablebecause(因果邏輯)theyarelesspronetodryout,theyhavelessfrost,andtheyhavedeepersoils.Theword“attain”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningTheword“they”inthepassagerefersTheword“prone”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningAccordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingistrueoftreesinthemiddleandupperlatitudes?TreegrowthisnegativelyaffectedbythesnowcoverinTreegrowthisgreaterinvalleysthanonTreegrowthonridgesisnotaffectedbyhigh-velocityTreegrowthlastslongerinthoselatitudesthanitdoesinthe【Paragraph4】：(-)Explanation:Thereisstillno(-)universallyagreed-onexplanationforwhythereshouldbesuchadramaticcessationoftreegrowthattheuppertimberline.Variousenvironmentalfactorsmayplayarole.(1)Toomuchsnow,forexample舉例邏輯),cansmothertrees,andavalanchesandsnowcreepcandamageordestroy(-)them.Layingsnowreduces(-)theeffectivegrowingseasontothepointwhereseedlingscannot(-)establish(2)Windvelocityalsoincreaseswithaltitudeandmaycause(因果)seriousstress(-)fortrees,as(因果)ismadeevidentbythedeformedsh sathighaltitudes.Somescientistshaveproposedthatthepresenceofincreasinglevelsof(3)ultravioletlightwithelevationmayplayarole,while(并列/轉折邏輯)(4)browsingandgrazinganimalsliketheibexmaybeanothercontributingmost environmentalfactoris(5)temperature,for(因mostWhichofthesentencesbelowbestexpresstheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.○B(yǎng)ecauseoftheirdeformedsh sathighaltitudes,treesarenotlikelytobeseriouslyharmedbythestrongwindstypicalofthosealtitudes.○Asaltitudeincreases,thevelocityofwindsincrease,leadingtoaseriousdecreaseinthenumberoftreesfoundathighaltitudes.○Thedeformedsh softreesathighaltitudesshow(因果邏輯詞)thatwindvelocity,whichincreasewithaltitude,cancauseserioushardshipfortrees.○Increasedwindvelocityathighaltitudesdeformsthesh softrees,andthismaycauseseriousstressfortrees.Inparagraph4,whatistheauthor’smainpurpose目的題inthediscussionofthedramaticcessationoftreegrowthattheuppertimberline?○Toarguethatnoneofseveralenvironmentfactorsthatarebelievedtocontributetothatphenomenonnfactplayaroleincausingit.○Toargueinsupportofoneparticularexplanationofthatphenomenonagainstseveralcompetingexplanations○Toexplainwhytheprimaryenvironmentalfactorresponsibleforthatphenomenonhasnotyetbeenidentified 為什么沒發(fā)現(xiàn)。notagreeon≠notyetbeenidentified○Topresentseveralenvironmentalfactorsthatmaycontributetoasatisfactoryexplanationofthatphenomenon【Paragraph5】:alpineAbovethetreelinethereisazonethatisgenerallycalledalpinetundra.Immediayadjacenttothetimberline,thetundraconsistsofafairlycompletecoveroflow-lyingshrubs,herbs,andgrasses,whilehigherupthenumberanddiversityofsomeprostratecushionplants.Someplantscanevensurviveinfavorablemicrohabitatsabovethesnowline.Thehighestplantsintheworldoccurataround6,100metersonMakaluintheHimalayas.Atthisgreatheight,rocks,warmedbythesun,meltsmall【Paragraph6】LowgrowthformThemoststrikingcharacteristicoftheplantsofthealpinezoneistheirlowgrowthformThisenables(因果邏輯詞themtoavoidtheworstrigorsofhighwindsandpermits(因果邏輯詞)themtomakeuseofthehighertemperaturesimmediayadjacenttothegroundsurface.Inanareawherelowtemperaturesarelimitingtolife,theimportanceoftheadditionalheatnearthesurfaceiscrucial.Thelowgrowthformcsopermit(因果邏輯詞)theplantstotakeadvantageoftheinsulationprovidedbyawintersnowcover.IntheequatorialmountainsthelowgrowthformislessTheword“prevalent”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningAccordingtoparagraph6,allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueofplantsinthealpinezoneEXCEPT:○B(yǎng)ecausetheyarelow,theyarelessexposedtostrong○B(yǎng)ecausetheyarelow,thewintersnowcovergivesthemmoreprotectionfromtheextremecold.○Intheequatorialmountains,theytendtobelowerthaninmountains○Theirlowgrowthformkeepsthemclosertotheground,wherethereismoreheatthanfurtherup.Paragraph5:Abovethetreelinethereisazonethatisgenerallycalledalpine█Immediayadjacenttothetimberline,thetundraconsistsofafairlycompletecoveroflow-lyingshrubs,herbs,andgrasses,whilehigherupthenumberanddiversityofspeciesdecreaseuntilthereismuchbaregroundwithoccasionalmossesandlichensandsomeprostratecushionplants.█Someplantscanevensurviveinfavorablemicrohabitatsabovethesnowline.Thehighestplantsintheworldoccurataround6,100metersonMakaluintheHimalayas.█Atthisgreatheight,rocks,warmedbythesun,meltsmallsnowdrifts.█Lookatthefoursquares[█]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.Thisexplainshow,forexample,alpinecushionplantshavebeenfoundgrowingat titudeof6,180meters.WherewouldthesentencebestDirections:Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpreeasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.Atthetimberline,whetherupperorlower,thereisaprofoundchangeinthegrowthoftreesandotherplants.●●●Answer○B(yǎng)irchisoneofthefewspeciesoftreethatcansurviveintheextremeenvironmentsoftheuppertimberline.3考試的時候是不會讀到birch的?！餞hereisnoagreementamongscien