考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽林業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽林業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidedbythemselveswhethertoreestablishasovereignnation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestates—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativessuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLaluigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimtolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

2.JohnWaihee’sattitudetowardsthenativeHawaiians’sovereigntymovementcanbestbedescribedas“______”.

3.TheOfficeofHawaiianAffairsmostwantstosupportthenativeHawaiiansto______.

4.Accordingtothefifthparagraph,itishardtodetermine______.

5.ConcerningtheHawaiiancrownland,whatdothenativeHawaiiansdemandfromthegovernment?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherHawaiiangroups.

B.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

C.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

D.TheirlifespanisfiveyearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.democratic

B.optimistic

C.demanding

D.ambitious

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.establishasovereignofHawaiiannation

B.becomeautonomousratherthanestablishingasovereignnation

C.focusondevelopingeconomicallyinsteadoffightingpolitically

D.joininthelocalindependencemovement

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.howmanypeoplewilltakepartinthesovereigntymovement

B.whowillberegardedasnativeHawaiians

C.howmanypeoplewillenjoytheautonomy

D.whatqualificationsonewillhavesoastoleadtheautonomy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theywantthegovernmenttoacknowledgetheirownershipoftheland.

B.Theywantthegovernmenttopayarentforthelandonayearlybasis.

C.Theywantthegovernmenttostopusingthelandforanypurpose.

D.Theywantthegovernmenttopaymorebackrentontheland.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“關(guān)于夏威夷土著，下列哪項(xiàng)陳述是正確的？”。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.（1898年，這些島嶼被美國(guó)吞并，自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民的處境比其他任何種族的人都要糟糕）可知，A項(xiàng)“他們的生活比其他夏威夷族群更糟糕”正確；由第二段最后一句TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.（他們是沒(méi)有什么自治權(quán)的唯一主要的美國(guó)本土群體）可知，B項(xiàng)“他們是唯一沒(méi)有主權(quán)的土著群體”表述不準(zhǔn)確，并不是唯一沒(méi)有主權(quán)的土著居民，而是唯一主要的美國(guó)本土群體；由第二段第二句Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.（他們占全州無(wú)家可歸者的60%以上，失業(yè)率高，壽命比夏威夷人平均壽命短5年）可知，C項(xiàng)“其中60%無(wú)家可歸或失業(yè)”和D項(xiàng)“他們的壽命比普通美國(guó)人短5年”也與原文不符合。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“JohnWaihee對(duì)夏威夷原住民主權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的態(tài)度可以用……來(lái)描述”。根據(jù)第三段的描述ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidedbythemselveswhethertoreestablishasovereignnation.（但是，由夏威夷第一位土著州長(zhǎng)JohnWaihee成立的主權(quán)咨詢(xún)委員會(huì)，通過(guò)建議夏威夷土著自行決定是否重建一個(gè)主權(quán)國(guó)家，為土著的事業(yè)提供了重大推動(dòng)。）可以推斷，JohnWaihee對(duì)夏威夷原住民主權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的態(tài)度是民主的，A項(xiàng)“民主”符合題意；B項(xiàng)“樂(lè)觀(guān)”、C項(xiàng)“苛求的”和D項(xiàng)“雄心勃勃”表述都不準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室最希望支持夏威夷原住民……”。根據(jù)第四段中的Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestates—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativessuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs（一些人只是想在州內(nèi)享有更大的自治權(quán)，就像許多美國(guó)印第安土著享有的自治權(quán)一樣，比如教育，這一立場(chǎng)得到了夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室的支持）可知，夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室支持夏威夷原住民自治，B項(xiàng)“自治，而不是建立一個(gè)主權(quán)國(guó)家”正確；A項(xiàng)“建立夏威夷國(guó)家的主權(quán)”表述與文意相反；C項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展而不是政治斗爭(zhēng)”和D項(xiàng)“參加地方獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)”沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第五段，很難決定……”。根據(jù)第五段ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.（但是，如果夏威夷當(dāng)?shù)厝吮毁x予更大的自治權(quán)，這將適用于多少人還遠(yuǎn)不清楚。州政府只把那些有50%以上夏威夷血統(tǒng)的人算為本地居民。）可知，很難決定多少人可以被賦予自治權(quán)，C項(xiàng)“多少人將享有自治權(quán)”正確；A項(xiàng)“有多少人會(huì)參加主權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)”和D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人將有什么資格來(lái)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)自治”沒(méi)有提到；B項(xiàng)“誰(shuí)將被視為土著夏威夷人”在文中有明確的表述。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“關(guān)于夏威夷皇冠土地，夏威夷本地人對(duì)政府有什么要求？”。最后一段指出Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.（然而，當(dāng)?shù)厝说囊蟛⒉粌H僅是基于政治上的不滿(mǎn)。他們還要求接受他們對(duì)66萬(wàn)公頃夏威夷皇冠土地的要求。正是在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上，土著群體面臨著來(lái)自州當(dāng)局的最大反對(duì)。），由此可知，夏威夷本地人對(duì)政府的要求是承認(rèn)他們對(duì)土地的所有權(quán)，A項(xiàng)“他們想讓政府承認(rèn)他們對(duì)土地的所有權(quán)”正確；文中提到了土地的拖欠資金問(wèn)題，B項(xiàng)“他們希望政府按年支付土地租金”、C項(xiàng)“他們希望政府停止使用土地的任何目的”和D項(xiàng)“他們想要政府支付更多的土地租金”都沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Peoplewho（

）largeamountsofanimalfatsaremorelikelytogetcancerandheartdisease.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.congest

B.irrigate

C.consume

D.purchase

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞辨析。congest擁擠；充塞；irrigate灌溉；沖洗；consume消耗；消費(fèi)；purchase購(gòu)買(mǎi)。句意：吃大量動(dòng)物油的人更有可能患癌癥和心臟病等疾病。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

Youwillseethisproduct______whereveryougo.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advertise

B.advertising

C.tobeadvertised

D.advertised

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：無(wú)論你到哪里，都能看到這個(gè)產(chǎn)品的廣告。當(dāng)不定式用于表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,listento等作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式必須省略to。根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是see，橫線(xiàn)部分是賓語(yǔ)product的賓補(bǔ)，確定省略to；根據(jù)產(chǎn)品和打廣告是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，確定用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)advertised符合題意。A選項(xiàng)advertise是動(dòng)詞原形；B選項(xiàng)advertising是現(xiàn)在分詞形式；C選項(xiàng)tobeadvertised未省略to。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Iintendtomovethatourcommittee（）Jimaschairman,andIhopethatyouwillsecondmymotion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willappoint

B.appoints

C.appoint

D.appointed

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Move在這里表示（在會(huì)上）提議、建議。在表建議、命令、要求和愿望的動(dòng)詞后面，賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:should+動(dòng)詞原形的用法，should可省略。選項(xiàng)C正確。句意：我提議委員會(huì)任命Jim為主席，我希望你能支持我的建議。

5.單選題

Sincethepackagewas（

）

,thedamagewaspaidfor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensured

B.insured

C.assured

D.promised

【答案】B

【解析】句意:因?yàn)榘读吮ｋU(xiǎn)，所以損失已經(jīng)賠償了。只有選項(xiàng)B表示被保險(xiǎn)，所以正確。

6.單選題

Whenthejurybroughtina（）ofguilt,thedefendantwhowasoverwhelminglyarrogantseveralminutesagodroopedhishead.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.judgment

B.appraisal

C.verdict

D.conviction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:judgment“判斷”；B:appraisal“評(píng)價(jià)”；C:verdict“結(jié)論，裁定”；D:conviction“頂嘴，證明有罪”。句意：陪審團(tuán)拿著判罪裁決書(shū)進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，幾分鐘之前還相當(dāng)自大的被告低下了他的頭。結(jié)合句意，選C。

7.單選題

Thesecondmajorcauseofthechangesinculturalpolicythatwearewitnessingatthepresenttimeistheradicaltransformationoftheeconomicenvironmentinwhichculturalgoodsareproduced,distributedandconsumed,broughtaboutbywhatislooselyreferredtoas"globalization".Thistermiswidelyusedinthecontemporarydiscoursetoidentifyaseriesofrelatedtrendsthatcanbeobservedineconomic,socialandgeopoliticalspheres.Essentially,globalizationcanbedefinedasthreephenomena:thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources,especiallycapitalandlabor,betweencountriesandregions;theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities,withincreasedcommercialopportunitiesforbothnationalandtransnationalcompanies;andtheinternationalizationofcommunications,leadingto,amongotherthings,thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.Therearebothtechnologicalandeconomiccausesunderlyingthesephenomena;thedigitalrevolution,theexplosionincomputationalpoweravailableacrossawiderangeofapplications,thegrowthoftheinternetandtheinventionofnewdevicesforcommunicationanddatatransmissionhavetogetherprovidedthetechnologicalimpetusforglobalization,whileitsoperationshavebeenenabledbyawidespreadacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciplesasthebasisfornationalandinternationalpolicy-making.

Theeffectsofthesetrendsonartists,creativeworkers,commercialandnon-commercialfirmsproducinganddistributingculturalproducts,culturalagenciesandinstitutions,andconsumers,havebeenprofound.Tobeginwith,ontheproductionsidenewcommunicationstechnologistshavefosterednewformsofculturalexpressionandopenedupnewavenuesforculturalexchange.Atthecuttingedge,artistsworkinginnewmediaareexperimentingwithinnovativemethodsformakingartandcommunicatingittoconsumers;thesedevelopmentscanbelikenedtoR&Dactivitiesinindustry,giventhattheeventualpayoff(inbothartisticandcommercialterms)isuncertainbutcouldbesubstantial.ManuelCastellshasobservedthatthisnewtechnologicalenvironmentcanbedescribedasculturalinsofarasitsdynamicsaredependenton"thecultureofinnovation,onthecultureofrisk,onthecultureofexpectationsand.ultimately,onthecultureofhopeinthefuture."

Furthermore,newtechnologistshaveledtonewwaysforculturalproducerstocarryontheirbusinessoperations,throughimprovedinformationandmarketingservices,moreefficientmanagementsystems,andsoon.Forexample,museumsandgalleriesaredigitizingtheircollections,performinggroupsareadoptingelectronicticketing,andnewspapersarebeingmadeavailableon-line.Atthesametime,threatshaveemergedtotraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution,nowheremoreevidentthaninthemusicindustry,whereillegaldownloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassageisprobably（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingphenomenacloselyrelatedto"globalization"isNOTmentionedinthepassage?

3.Oneofthecausesunderlyingtheglobalizationtrendsisthat（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheeffectsofglobalizationonculturalindustry?

5.Thewordimpetusinparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.NewTrendsBroughtaboutbyGlobalization

B.TheCulturalCausesofGlobalization

C.TheEmergenceofGlobalization

D.GlobalizationandCulturalIndustry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofcapitalresources.

B.Theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities.

C.Thevanishingofculturaldiversity.

D.Thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theuniversalacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciples

B.thefreemovementoflaborresourcesacrosstheworld

C.theemergenceofmanytransnationalcompanies

D.thesupportofpolicy-makersacrosstheworld

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theeffectsofglobalizationonartistsandcreativeworkershavebeenmoreprofoundthanonculturalagenciesandinstitutions.

B.Itthreatensthetraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution.

C.Museumsandgalleriescandisplayandselltheirdigitizedcollections.

D.Downloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.impede

B.fuel

C.impact

D.impeachment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨題?？v觀(guān)全文，文章主要提到了在全球化的環(huán)境給文化產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來(lái)了一些影響，全球化對(duì)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)在構(gòu)成一定的威脅和挑戰(zhàn)。所以文章內(nèi)容主要是圍繞全球化和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)展開(kāi)的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Essentially,globalizationcanbedefinedasthreephenomena:thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources,especiallycapitalandlabor,betweencountriesandregions;theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities,withincreasedcommercialopportunitiesforbothnationalandtransnationalcompanies;andtheinternationalizationofcommunications,leadingto,amongotherthings,thefreetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld.”，可知文中提到的全球化帶來(lái)現(xiàn)象包括thebreakdownofbarrierstothemovementofresources“打破資源流動(dòng)的障礙”，theemergenceofaglobalmarketplaceformanycommodities“許多商品在全球市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)”，freetransmissionofculturalsymbolsandmessagesaroundtheworld“文化符號(hào)和信息的自由傳播”，所以只有文化的多樣性沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Therearebothtechnologicalandeconomiccausesunderlyingthesephenomena…whileitsoperationshavebeenenabledbyawidespreadacceptanceofneoliberaleconomicprinciplesasthebasisfornationalandinternationalpolicy-making.”，可知這些現(xiàn)象的背后既有技術(shù)原因，也有經(jīng)濟(jì)原因，而只有新自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)原則作為國(guó)家和國(guó)際決策的基礎(chǔ)得到廣泛接受，才能使全球化成為可能。所以造成全球化趨勢(shì)的原因之一是新自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)原則的普遍接受。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“Theeffectsofthesetrendsonartists…h(huán)avebeenprofound.”，可知對(duì)于全球化對(duì)各方面的影響沒(méi)有進(jìn)行對(duì)比。選項(xiàng)A不符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Forexample,museumsandgalleriesaredigitizingtheircollections”，可知博物館和畫(huà)廊正在把他們的收藏品數(shù)字化，所以并沒(méi)有提到displayandsell，選項(xiàng)C不符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“…threatshaveemergedtotraditionalmodesofculturalproductionanddistribution,nowheremoreevidentthaninthemusicindustry,whereillegaldownloadsfromtheinternetcontinuetoaffecttherevenuestreamsofperformers,publishersandrecordcompanies.”，可知來(lái)自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的非法下載繼續(xù)對(duì)演員、出版商和唱片公司的收入來(lái)源造成影響。選項(xiàng)D并未提到下載是非法還是合法的，不符合文意，可排除。同時(shí)根據(jù)此句，可知傳統(tǒng)的文化生產(chǎn)和傳播方式受到了威脅。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.詞義理解題。impede“妨礙”；fuel“燃料，刺激因素”；impact“影響，撞擊”；impeachment“彈劾，控告”。句意：為全球化提供技術(shù)動(dòng)力。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Thebusinessisbothhighlycyclicaland（）aspriceinformationabouttransactionsmaynotbepublicized;andwhenitis,itcanbemisleading.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.private

B.slack

C.opaque

D.redundant

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。private“私有的”；slack“松弛的，蕭條的”；opaque“不透明的”；redundant“多余的，冗長(zhǎng)的”。句意：這項(xiàng)交易具有很高的周期性和不透明性，因?yàn)閮r(jià)格信息可能沒(méi)有公開(kāi)，可能會(huì)造成誤導(dǎo)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Theenergy（）bythechainreactionistransformedintoheat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transferred

B.released

C.conveyed

D.delivered

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。Transfer轉(zhuǎn)讓,轉(zhuǎn)移;release釋放;convey傳達(dá),運(yùn)輸;deliver遞送,釋放。句意:鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)的能量被轉(zhuǎn)化為熱量。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecov-rysystems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,wherehighratesfheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,owever,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceerup-ivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspon-aneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultofrecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichin-olvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebe-ngdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDRs,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtoreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycircula-ionofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150°C,istdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslyeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100oCmayeusefulforspaceheating；however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Careesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachaesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.Temperaturegra-ientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssocia-ionofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrossheUnitedStates.(Therearemanyareas,however,forwhichnotemperaturegradientrecordsex-st.)

IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperatureradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.?softo-alenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.fweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalofallthecoalemainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,orecostlywellsandshallower,cooler，lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,e-ectricityand/orheat.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto().

2.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina()

3.Accordingthepassage,anaveragegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthcanbeusedto()

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheavailabilityoftemperature-depthrecordsforanyspe-cificareaintheUnitedStatesdependsprimarilyonthe().

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDRsasanavailableenergysource

B.documentthechallengesthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDRs

C.warntheusersofcoalandoilthatHDRsarenotaneconomicallyfeasiblealternative

D.encouragetheuseofnewtechniquesfortherecoveryofenergyfromundergroundhotwaterandsteam

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.petrologicalresearchreportfocusedonthehistoryoftemperature-depthrecordsintheUnitedStates

B.congressionalreporturgingtheconservationofoilandnaturalgasreservesintheUnitedStates

C.technicaljournalarticleconcernedwiththerecoverabilityofnewlyidentifiedenergysources

D.consumerreportdescribingtheextentandaccessibilityofremainingcoalresources

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.balancetheeconomicsofHDRenergyretrievalagainstthatofundergroundhotwaterorsteamrecoverysystems

B.determinetheamountofenergythatwillbeusedforspaceheatingintheUnitedStates

C.providecomparisonsbetweenhotwaterandHDRenergysourcesinUnitedStates

D.estimatethetotalHDRresourcebaseintheUnitedStates

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.possibilitythatHDRsmaybefoundinthatarea

B.existenceofpreviousattemptstoobtainoilorgasinthatarea

C.historyofsuccessfulhotwaterorsteamrecoveryeffortsinthatarea

D.failureofinhabitantstoconserveoilgasreservesinthatarea

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.EnergyfromWaterSources:TheFeasibilityofCommercialSystems

B.GeothermalEnergyRetrieval:VolcanicActivityandHotDryRocks

C.EnergyUnderground:GeothermalSourcesGiveWaytoFossilFuels

D.TappableEnergyforAmerica’sFuture:HotDryRocks

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.最后一段指出：IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge（HDR能源基礎(chǔ)是巨大的）。A項(xiàng)“提醒讀者HDR可作為可利用能源”符合文意。

2.本文旨在提醒讀者HDR可作為可利用能源。所以，這篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在C項(xiàng)“關(guān)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)能源可恢復(fù)性的技術(shù)期刊”上。

3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“averagegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepth”定位至最后一段：IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates（跡象表明，HDR的能源庫(kù)巨大。如果按每公里深度的地?zé)崽荻绕骄鶠?2攝氏度計(jì)算，可以得出美國(guó)1萬(wàn)公里深度的地殼巖石中所包含的總能源。）D項(xiàng)“estimatethetotalHDRresourcebase”符合文意。

4.第四段指出：“Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggest

thattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.”B項(xiàng)“該地區(qū)先前試圖獲取燃油和天然氣”符合文意。

5.本文講述了HDR能源的發(fā)現(xiàn)及應(yīng)用前景，通篇的關(guān)鍵詞為HDR。D項(xiàng)最適合做文章的標(biāo)題。

11.單選題

Onlybyunderstandingthearticledeeply________hopeforthereaderstograspitsfullmeaning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cantherebe

B.canbethere

C.betherecan

D.therecanbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝。句意：只有深度閱讀，讀者才有可能理解文章全部意思。Only出現(xiàn)在句首的時(shí)候，句子是要用部分倒裝的，B選項(xiàng)是完全倒裝，所以排除；D是陳述語(yǔ)序，也要排除；部分倒裝只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分，如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等放到主語(yǔ)前，所以答案選A。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

NodoubtyouknowseveralfolkswithperfectlyrespectableIQswhorepeatedlymakepoordecisions.Thebehaviorofsuchpeopletellsusthatwearemissingsomethingimportantbytreatingintelligenceasifitencompassedallcognitiveabilities.Icoinedtheterm“dysrationalia”,meaningtheinabilitytothinkandbehaverationallydespitehavingadequateintelligence,todrawattentiontoalargedomainofcognitivelifethatintelligencetestsfailtoassess.AlthoughmostpeoplerecognizethatIQtestsdonotmeasureeveryimportantmentalfaculty,webehaveasiftheydo.Wehaveanimplicitassumptionthatintelligenceandrationalitygotogether—orelsewhywouldwebesosurprisedwhensmartpeopledofoolishthings?

IQtestsdonotmeasuredysrationalia,buttherearewaystomeasuredysrationaliaandwaystocorrectit.Decadesofresearchincognitivepsychologyhavesuggestedtwocausesofdysrationalia.Oneisaprocessingproblem,theotheracontentproblem.Muchisknownaboutbothofthem.

Theprocessingproblemcomesaboutbecausewetendtobecognitivemisers.Whenapproachingaproblem,wecanchoosefromanyofseveralcognitivemechanisms.Somemechanismshavegreatcomputationalpower,lettingussolvemanyproblemswithgreataccuracy,buttheyareslow,requiremuchconcentrationandcaninterferewithothercognitivetasks.Othersarecomparativelylowincomputationalpower,buttheyarefast,requirelittleconcentrationanddonotinterferewithotherongoingcognition.Humansarecognitivemisersbecauseourbasictendencyistodefaulttotheprocessingmechanismsthatrequirelesscomputationaleffort,evenwhentheyarelessaccurate.

Thesecondsourceofdysrationaliaisacontentproblem.Weneedtoacquirespecificknowledgetothinkandactrationally.HarvardcognitivescientistDavidPerkinscoinedtheterm“mindware”torefertotherules,data,procedures,strategiesandothercognitivetools(knowledgeofprobability,logicandscientificinference)thatmustberetrievedfrommemorytothinkrationally.Theabsenceofthisknowledgecreatesamindwaregap—again,somethingthatisnottestedontypicalintelligencetests.

Mygoalinproposingtheterm“dysrationalia”istoseparateintelligencefromrationality,atraitthatIQtestsdonotmeasure.Theconceptofdysrationalia,andtheempiricalevidenceindicatingthattheconditionisnotrare,shouldhelpcreateaconceptualspaceinwhichwevalueabilitiesatleastasimportantasthosecurrentlymeasuredinIQtests.

60.Peoplewith“dysrationalia”often________.

61.TheauthorbelievesthatIQtests________.

62.Onecauseofdysrationaliaisthat________.

63.AccordingtoDavidPerkins,“mindware”means________.

64.Theauthorcoinedtheterm“dysrationalia”inorderto________.

65.Anappropriatetitleofthispassagecouldbe________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.showlittlerespecttoothers

B.performpoorlyinIQtests

C.makeirrationaldecisions

D.displayunacceptablebehavior

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.failtoidentifywhysmartpeoplem