考研考博-英語-安徽大學考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

“Thereisaweirdpowerinaspokenword,”JosephConradoncesaid.

問題1選項

A.mighty

B.prospective

C.odd

D.formidable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。weird表示“奇怪的，不可思議的”；A項mighty“強有力的”，B項prospective“未來的”，C項odd“古怪的”，D項formidable“令人敬畏的”。句意：約瑟夫?康納德（JosephConrad）曾經(jīng)說過：“口頭語言擁有神奇的力量?！备鶕?jù)句意可知C項正確。

2.單選題

Virtually,everycellinthebodycontainsitsowncircadianclockmachinery.

問題1選項

A.Practically

B.Naturally

C.Superficially

D.Thoroughly

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.practically實際上地B.naturally自然而然地

C.superficially表面上地D.thoroughly徹底地；完全地

【答案】A

【考查點】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意：實際上，身體里的每個細胞都包含自己的生物鐘機制?？芍獎澗€單詞Virtually在本句當中表達“實際上”，因此該題選A。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】實際上，身體里的每個細胞都包含自己的生物鐘機制。

3.單選題

Themodernpoetshavegonebacktothefancifulpoemsofthe______poetsoftheseventeenthcenturyformanyoftheirimages.

問題1選項

A.philosophical

B.transcendental

C.melancholic

D.metaphysical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項philosophical表示“哲學的”，B項transcendental表示“先驗的，卓越的”，C項melancholic表示“憂郁的，抑郁的”，D項metaphysical表示“形而上學的，玄學派詩歌的”。根據(jù)關鍵詞fancifulpoems（幻想的詩歌）可知，“玄學派詩歌的”符合語境。句意：現(xiàn)代詩人的許多意象又回到了十七世紀玄學詩人的幻想詩歌中。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

4.單選題

（）thenewfund-raisingplanisapproved，wewillsoonhavemoremoneytobuildthegymnasium.

問題1選項

A.While

B.Given

C.Unless

D.Evenif

【答案】B

【解析】句意：新的融資計劃被批準,我們很快就會有更多的錢建造體育館。given鑒于，考慮到...符合句意。

5.單選題

Inspiteoftherain,the______spectatorswaitedpatientlyforthedelayedstartofthegame.

問題1選項

A.industrious

B.ingenious

C.chaotic

D.assiduous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項industrious“勤奮的，勤勞的”，B項ingenious“有獨創(chuàng)性的，機靈的，精制的”，C項chaotic“混沌的，混亂的”，D項assiduous“兢兢業(yè)業(yè)的，孜孜不倦的”。由spectators（觀眾）和thedelayedstartofthegame（被推遲的比賽開始）可知，當時的現(xiàn)場應該是“混亂的”，C項符合。句意：盡管下著雨，但是混亂的觀眾耐心地等待著被推遲的比賽開始。因此，該題選擇C項。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.故宮雄偉、壯麗，是中國古建筑藝術的巔峰之作，其規(guī)模和獨具特色的風格享譽世界。故宮內保存著大量珍貴、稀有的古物，它們對研究明、清兩代歷史和歷史藝術具有十分重要的意義。1925年故宮改名為故宮博物館，成為世界最大的博物館之一。

2.這一年，我們隆重紀念了中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭暨世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭勝利70周年，舉行了盛大閱兵，昭示了正義必勝、和平必勝、人民必勝的真理。我和馬英九先生在新加坡會面，實現(xiàn)了跨越66年時空的握手，表明兩岸關系和平發(fā)展是兩岸同胞的共同心愿。

3.新西蘭是發(fā)達的高福利社會，并以盛產高質量的水果、肉和乳制品著稱于世。服務業(yè)，特別是旅游以及與教育相關的產業(yè)，也在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中起著重要作用。每年有很多來自中國的游客和留學生來到新西蘭享受它所提供的一切。

【答案】1.ThemagnificentandsplendidImperialPalace,asthepinnacleofancientChineseart,isworld-renownedforitsscaleanduniquestyle.TheImperialPalacecontainsalargenumberofpreciousandrareantiquities,whichareofgreatsignificancetothestudyofthehistoryandhistoricalartoftheMingandQingdynasties.In1925,TheImperialPalacewasrenamedthePalaceMuseum,becomingoneofthelargestmuseumsintheworld.

2.Thisyear,wesolemnlycommemoratedthe70thanniversaryofthevictoryoftheChinesepeople'swarofresistanceagainstJapaneseaggressionandtheworldanti-fascistwar.Agrandmilitaryparadewasheldtodemonstratethetruththatjusticewillwin,peacewillprevailandthepeoplebeboundtowin.WhenMr.MaYing-jeouandImetinSingapore,weshookhandsacross66yearsoftimeandspace.Thisshowsthatpeacefuldevelopmentofcross-straitsrelationsisthecommonaspirationofpeopleonbothsidesoftheTaiwanstraits.

3.NewZealandisadevelopedsocietywithhighwelfareandisrenownedforitshighqualityfruit,meatanddairyproducts.Services,especiallytourismandeducation-relatedindustries,alsoplayanimportantroleineconomicdevelopmentinNewZealand.EveryyearmanyChinesetouristsandstudentscometoNewZealandtoenjoywhatitcanoffer.

7.翻譯題

Directions:PutthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonAnswerSheet.

Undertheimpactofmodernscience,theveryconceptionofthetaskofphilosophyhasundergonearadicalreorientation.Inverybroadhistoricalperspectiveitmaybesaidthatthephilosophersthroughouttheageshavebeenengagedinthreemajorendeavors:theyhavebeensearchingforabsolutetruthsregardingbasicreality,andforabsolutestandardsofmorality;theyhavetriedtoconstructasynthesis,aviewoftheuniverseandofman'splaceinit,i.e.,aperspectivethatwouldintegratethevariouscontributionsofthesciencesintoanintelligibleandharmoniouswhole;finally,philosophershaveattemptedtoclarifythemeaningandthevalidityofthefundamentalconcepts,assumptions,andmethodsofknowledgeandofevaluation.

Inthelightofmodernscience,i.e.,notonlyofitsresultsandconclusionsbutespeciallyofitsopen-mindedattitudeandcriticalapproach,thesearchforabsolutetruthislargelybeingabandonedasfruitless,ifnotasmeaningless.Thespiritofcontemporaryscienceis"critical"inthesensethatallitsconclusionsareconsideredsoundortenableonly"untilfurthernotice".Inotherwords,neitheroftheextremes-dogmatismorskepticism—isacceptable.Thepoliceoftheopenmindindicatesthatwhileweshouldkeepallourconvictionsinprincipleopenforcriticismandrevision,itisperfectlyreasonabletoreplyonwell-confirmedassumptionsuntilstrongevidenceforcesustomodifyortoreplacethembyotherassumptionsthataremorestronglysupportedbyrelevantevidence.

【答案】在現(xiàn)代科學的沖擊下，哲學任務這個概念已經(jīng)發(fā)生了徹底的再定位。從更廣泛的歷史角度來看，可以說，哲學家們自古以來都在從事三大事業(yè)：他們一直在尋找關于基本現(xiàn)實的絕對真理和絕對的道德標準。他們試圖構建一種綜合的觀點，一種對宇宙及人類在宇宙中所處位置的看法，是一種將科學的各種貢獻整合成一個明白易懂的和諧整體的觀點。最后，哲學家們試圖澄清知識和評估的基本概念、假設和方法的意義以及有效性。

根據(jù)現(xiàn)代科學，不僅根據(jù)其結果和結論，而且特別是其開放的態(tài)度和批評方法，對絕對真理的探索在很大程度上被放棄，即使不是毫無意義，也是徒勞無益的。當代科學的精神是“批判性的”，因為它的所有結論直到“進一步注意”才被認為是合理的或可成立的。換句話說，這兩個極端——教條主義或懷疑主義——都是不可接受的。持開放態(tài)度的警方表示，雖然，原則上，我們的所有信念都應公開接受批評和修改，但是，在有力證據(jù)迫使我們修改或用因相關證據(jù)而得到更有力支持的其他假設來代替它們之前，回應已充分證實了的假設是完全合理的。

8.單選題

Beinginnogreathurry,（

）.

問題1選項

A.wewentthelongrouteandscenery

B.thelong,scenicroutewasourpreference

C.wetookthelong,scenicroute

D.ourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicroute.

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語前半句為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應為we.采取……路線通常用take…route.故C項正確。句意：由于我們不趕時間，所以選了一條長的，風景好的路線。

9.單選題

Thepurchaseofahouseandacarhasbecomethe（

）ofthenewgenerationofwhite-collarworkers,alongwithholidaysoverseas.

問題1選項

A.aspiration

B.inspiration

C.attraction

D.tenacity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項aspiration“渴望；抱負”；B選項inspiration“靈感；鼓舞”；C選項attraction“吸引力；引力”；D選項tenacity“韌性；固執(zhí)”。句意：買房買車已經(jīng)成為新一代白領的······，當然還有去國外度假。句中的“買房買車”、“去國外度假”符合“渴望”的內容。因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Forprofessionalathletes,（）totheOlympicsmeansthattheyhaveachancetoenterthehistorybook.

問題1選項

A.access

B.attachment

C.appeal

D.approach

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。access“通道，進入，機會”；attachment“附件，依戀”；appeal“呼吁，懇求”；approach“方法，方式”。句意：對于專業(yè)的運動員來說，有機會進去奧林匹克意味著他們有機會進去歷史書。A項符合題意。

11.翻譯題

B:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(5points)

Theintellectualpropertiesincludetwomainparts:theindustrialpropertiesandthepublishingproperties.Theindustrialpropertyprotectionismainlyconcernedwiththeprotectionoftheinventionsintrademarksanddesignsofindustrialproducts.Italsostipulatestheprohibitionofimpropercompetition.Theformerthreeaspectshavesomethingincommonfortheirexclusivemethodsinprotectingintellectualproperties,suchasinventions,trademarksandtheproductsurfaceoutlooks,etc.However,ithasnothingtodowiththepatentrightsinprohibitingunfaircompetition.Itismainlyaboutthepreventionofunfaircompetitionsindishonestbusinessbehaviors.

【答案】【參考譯文】

知識產權包括兩個主要部分：工業(yè)產權和版權。工業(yè)產權主要是對發(fā)明﹑商標和工業(yè)品外觀設計的保護，以及制止不正當競爭。前三項有一些共同點，因為它們在保護知識產權方面具有獨特性，如發(fā)明、商標、產品外觀等。然而，制止不正當競爭和專利權無關，它主要是關于防止不正當競爭的不誠實的商業(yè)行為。

12.單選題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisansdesigners,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldhetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldthevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentailhardthinking,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Inthetext,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirsttwoparagraphsofthetext?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothetext?

5.TheauthorcabthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordparadoxical(line6,paragraph3)mostprobablybecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists.

B.stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign.

C.proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology.

D.contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists.

問題2選項

A.strengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign.

B.weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills.

C.strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses.

D.strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems.

問題3選項

A.Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.

B.Eachcomponentofanautomobile—forexample,theengineorthefueltank—hasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.

C.Atelephoneisacomplexinstrumentdesignedbytechnologistsusingonlynonverbalthought.

D.Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner’sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.

問題4選項

A.Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbederivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.

B.Analyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopment

C.Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreased,thetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportantroleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangementandtexture.

D.Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnician’sdegreereflectsademandforgraduateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.

問題5選項

A.thepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.

B.architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.

C.collegestudentswerequalifiedtomakethedrawingswhilepracticingengineerswerenot.

D.engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthedevelopmentoftheirowndiscipline.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段提到日常生活的東西受科學影響，但是它們的形式功能等卻受到了非科學模式的影響（Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisansdesigners,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought），接下來舉例說明了非語言思考的作用，選項B符合題意。

2.文章第三段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist提到設計課程對于工程學課程的重要作用，選項A符合題意。

3.文章第一二段強調的是非科學思維模式和技術人員創(chuàng)造成型中非科學成分的作用。選項D“吊橋的本質特質反映了它的設計者的概念化和建造地點的物理要求”，符合題意。

4.文章的第一段的倒數(shù)第二句InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings是全文的主旨句，主要提及了非語言思維在科學發(fā)展中的重要性。選項A符合題意。

5.第三段第一句InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings提到engineeringcurricula缺乏designcourses。文章第三段最后一句主要提到了工程學生在教育方面的缺不足。因此選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparents.UCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethird.JamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants.TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedtosegregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationheatupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwaveofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

1.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

3.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

4.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

問題1選項

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.Theywereasourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

問題2選項

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

問題3選項

A.Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

問題4選項

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

問題5選項

A.HowtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.HowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.Howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborder

D.HowtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵字U.S.Congress可以定位到原文第二段“WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.”，中文翻譯為：我們不會回到美國國會公開擔心低等種族會玷污美國人的血統(tǒng)的時期。因此答案為A選項：他們是低等的民族。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞newimmigrants可以定位到文章第三段中“Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.”，中文翻譯為：這些新移民沒有理由不應該有著同樣的成功。知B項“他們可以如自己的前輩那樣做的一樣好”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞Mexican-Americans可以定位到文章第四段“TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.”，中文翻譯為：泰勒擔心，墨西哥裔美國人可能注定跟隨美國黑人的步伐，即社區(qū)中的那個較大的部分可能變得陷入一個似乎永久的貧困和低成就的狀態(tài)中。因此，D選項“他們可能永遠是貧窮且成就低的”最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞newimmigrants定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段“wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.”，中文翻譯為：我們也應該就同化、如何確保曾經(jīng)的外來者在這些地區(qū)不會永遠的處于被邊緣化而提出一些更加廣泛的問題。故C最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位倒數(shù)第二段“ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.”，中文翻譯為：但是，我們也還沒有學到如何讓美國化進程適應所有人。以及原文最后一段“Thatisamuchlargerquestion...”，中文翻譯為：那是一個大的問題……可以得知B項“如何幫助移民更好地融入美國社會”最為符合。

14.單選題

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

1.（

）

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

2.（

）

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

3.（

）

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

4.（

）

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

ThepassagehassixsectionsA-F.ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsA-Dfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,I-VII,inboxes14-17onyouranswerSheet.

問題1選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題2選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題3選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題4選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:F

第3題:E

第4題:G

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionA的主要內容，可知該段首先介紹了各種類型的欺凌，然后具體分析了英國小學的欺凌現(xiàn)象，可判斷出整個段落的主要內容為：對英國學校欺凌現(xiàn)象的調查。選項Ⅳ符合題意。

2.根據(jù)SectionB第一句“Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide…”，欺凌是令人不愉快的，而且會讓經(jīng)歷欺凌的孩子感到自卑和沮喪。在極端情況下，它甚至會導致自殺。下文繼續(xù)提到了受到欺凌的小學生在成年后更容易遇到交際困難?？膳袛喑霰径沃饕岬狡哿鑼⒆觽儙淼挠绊憽＿x項Ⅵ符合題意。

3.根據(jù)SectionC第二句“…schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.‘Thereisnobullyingatthisschool’hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.”，可知過去學校會否認學校欺凌這個問題，聲稱學校沒有欺凌事件。下文繼續(xù)提到學校的態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變，“…moreschoolsarenowsaying:‘Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.’”，許多學?，F(xiàn)在承認欺凌現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)，并且會有明確的應對措施?？膳袛喑霰径沃饕岬搅藢W校對