考研考博-英語-大連外國語大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連外國語大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itisalwaysmyheightthatgivesme（

）.

問題1選項

A.off

B.up

C.away

D.out

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一直以來都是我的身高把我暴露了。

考查短語辨析。giveoff發(fā)出(光)等,長出(枝)等;giveup放棄,交出;giveaway泄露,使露出真面目;giveout分發(fā),公布。根據(jù)題干中的myheight可知C符合句意。

2.單選題

Youmay（

）earlyasyouhavetocatchanearlytraintomorrow.

問題1選項

A.remain

B.reverse

C.retreat

D.retire

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。remain意為“保留”；reverse意為“顛倒，翻轉(zhuǎn)”；retreat意為“撤退，離開”；retire意為“退休”。

句意：你可能要早點離開了，因為你明早還要去趕火車。

3.單選題

Achildhearshismothertonguespokenfrommorningtillnightinits（）form.

問題1選項

A.correct

B.accurate

C.genuine

D.perfect

【答案】C

【解析】近義詞辨析題。correct"正確的,合適的,符合的";accurate"精確的,準(zhǔn)確的";genuine"純正的,真正的";perfect"完美的,完善的"。句意：小孩子從早到晚一直聽著地道的母語。小孩子聽到的不一定是正確的語自，也不一定是完美的或者準(zhǔn)確的母語,而是地地道道的母語。選項C符合句意。

4.單選題

Lastyear,Mattearned（）hisbrother,whohasabetterposition.

問題1選項

A.twiceasmuchas

B.twiceasmanyas

C.twicemoreas

D.twiceasmoreas

【答案】A

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達。1.倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as+其它。這種結(jié)構(gòu)又常演變成下列兩類：①倍數(shù)+as+many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as；②倍數(shù)+as+much+不可數(shù)名詞+as。如:ThereareseventimesasmanypeopleasIexpected.（是我預(yù)料的人數(shù)的七倍。），Thereisfivetimesasmuchcoffeeinthisglassasinthatone.（這個杯子里的咖啡是那個杯子里的五倍。），這個句子前半句說馬特賺得比他哥哥多，肯定是錢money賺得多，而money是不可數(shù)，所以不能用many，排除B選項。沒有C，D選項的用法。句意：去年馬特比他哥哥賺得多兩倍，而他哥哥的職位比他高。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

5.單選題

Facebook’stopexecutiveareeligiblefortwice-a-yearbonusesofupto45percentoftheirbasesalaries.

問題1選項

A.optional

B.qualified

C.desirable

D.casual

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文語義與形容詞辨析。A選項optional“可選擇的”；B選項qualified“合格的，有資格的”；C選項desirable“值得擁有的，可取的”；D選項casual“隨便的；臨時的”。句意：Facebook的高管有資格獲得一年兩次的獎金，最高可達基本工資的45%。根據(jù)句意可排除A、D兩項。C選項desirable與B選項qualified的區(qū)別在于：desirable通常修飾“值得的或可取的東西”，在這句話中則應(yīng)該是“一年兩次的獎金”，通常用于itisdesirablethat（XX是可取的。）或者itisdesirableforsbtodosth（做某事是值得的。），而劃線詞修飾的是“Facebook的高管”，兩者用法不搭，而qualified通常與介詞for連用，AbequalifiedforB（A具備完成/擁有B的資格或能力），該詞與原文areeligiblefor詞義、用法最相近。因此，本題最佳選項為B。

6.單選題

Theyoungpeoplemadeanew（）tothegovernor.

問題1選項

A.proposal

B.submerge

C.tendency

D.thread

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項proposal“提議，建議”。B選項submerge“淹沒”。C選項.tendency“傾向，趨勢”。D選項thread“線，螺紋”。句意：年輕人向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)提出了一項新建議。因此A選項符合題意。

7.翻譯題

Althoughourunderstandingoflearningisstillnotcomplete,agreatdealisknown.Learninghasmanydifferentformsandtakesplaceundermanyconditions.Ingeneral,itinvolvesachangeinbehavior.Whenachangeinbehaviortakesplaceasaresultoflearning,thechangeisusuallyalong-lastingone.Learningmaymeanthatanumberofsmallindependentactsarearrangedinaneworder.Thishappens,forexample,whenyoulearntoplayanewpieceonthepiano.

【答案】盡管我們對“學(xué)習(xí)”的理解不盡完善，然而我們對此已有不少了解。“學(xué)習(xí)”可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式，也可以在許多情況下進行。一般來說，“學(xué)習(xí)”必然會引起行為的變化?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”導(dǎo)致人們行為發(fā)生變化時，這種變化常能持久?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”也許意味著對一系列細(xì)小而不相關(guān)的行為按新的順序重新排列。就好比你在鋼琴上學(xué)習(xí)彈奏一首新的曲子。

8.單選題

Myfriend[A]teachesEnglish,[B]literatureand[C]towriteatthe[D]stateuniversity.

問題1選項

A.teaches

B.literature

C.towrite

D.stateuniversity

【答案】C

【解析】【考查點】搭配。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，English（英語）、literature（文學(xué)）和towrite（寫作）都是并列的賓語成分，應(yīng)該統(tǒng)一為名詞，所以towrite應(yīng)該改為writing。

【句意】我的朋友在州立大學(xué)教英語、文學(xué)和寫作。

9.單選題

Insomecasesthemothermayalsobelimitedintermsof______abilityandemotionalcapacity.

問題1選項

A.intelligent

B.intellectual

C.intelligible

D.intangible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項intelligent“智能的，聰明的”，B項intellectual“智力的”，C項intelligible“可理解的，明了的”，D項intangible“無形的，觸摸不到的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞emotionalcapacity（情感能力）推測，空格部分是與之對應(yīng)的“智力”，B項符合。句意：在某些情況下，母親的智力和情感能力也可能受到限制。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

10.單選題

Lifeisacandle（

）toburnevenbrighter.?

問題1選項

A.beingmeant

B.meaning

C.tomean

D.meant

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“burnevenbrighter越燃越亮”的對應(yīng)知這里指代“人們希望蠟燭（或蠟燭應(yīng)該）越燃越亮”；再由“mean”一詞在表示“主觀希望”時一般用被動語態(tài)知D項“meant（其完整形式應(yīng)該為whichismeant）”正確。故正確答案選D。

11.單選題

Thebeliefthatthemindplaysanimportantroleinphysicalillnessgoesbacktotheearliestdaysofmedicine.FromthetimeoftheancientGreekstothebeginningofthe20thcentury,itwasgenerallyacceptedbybothphysicianandpatientthatthemindcanaffectthecourseofillness,anditseemednaturaltoapplythisconceptinmedicaltreatmentsofdisease.Afterthediscoveryofantibiotics,anewassumptionarosethattreatmentofinfectiousorinflammatorydiseaserequiresonlytheeliminationoftheforeignorganismoragentthattriggerstheillness.Intherushtodiscoverantibioticsanddrugsthatcurespecificinfectionsanddiseases,thefactthatthebody’sownresponsescaninfluencesusceptibilitytodiseaseand-itscoursewaslargelyignoredbymedicalresearchers.

Itisironicthatresearchintoinfectiousandinflammatorydiseasefirstled20th-centurymedicinetorejecttheideathatthemindinfluencesphysicalillness,andnowresearchinthesamefield—includingtheworkofourlaboratoriesandofourcollaboratorsattheNationalInstitutesofHealth一isprovingthecontrary.Newmolecularandpharmacologicaltoolshavemadeitpossibleforustoidentifytheintricatenetworkthatexistsbetweentheimmunesystemandthebrain，anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly.Chemicalsproducedbyimmunecellssignalthebrain,andthebraininturnsendschemicalsignalstorestraintheimmunesystem.Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress.Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetworkinanyway,whetherinheritedorthroughdrugs,toxicsubstancesorsurgery,exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders.

Theclinicalsignificanceofthesefindingsislikelytoproveprofound.Theyholdthepromiseofextendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies,andviceversa.Theyalsohelptosubstantiatethepopularlyheldimpression(stilldiscountedinsomemedicalcircles)thatourstateofmindcaninfluencehowwellweresistorrecoverfrominfectiousorinflammatorydiseases.

Thebrain’sstressresponsesystemisactivatedinthreateningsituations.Theimmunesystemrespondsautomaticallytopathogensandforeignmolecules.Thesetworesponsesystemsarethebody’sprincipalmeansformaintaininganinternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis.Asubstantialproportionofhumancellularmachineryisdedicatedtomaintainingit.

Whenhomeostasisisdisturbedorthreatened,arepertoireofmolecular,cellularandbehavioralresponsescomesintoplay.Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate.Theycanbespecifictotheforeigninvaderoraparticularstress,ortheycanbegeneralizedandnonspecificwhenthethreattohomeostasisexceedsacertainthreshold.Theadaptiveresponsemaythemselvesturnintostressorscapableofproducingdisease.Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease.

1.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtosuggestthat（）

2.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemind-bodyinteractionindisease?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutclinicalsignificanceofthenewfindingscanbebest

supportedbythepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Accordingtothepassage,inordertomaintainaninternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis,（

）.

問題1選項

A.ithasalwaysbeenthebeliefofbothphysicianandpatientthatone’sstateofmindcanaffectphysicaldisease

B.thepopularbeliefthatstressexacerbatesinflammatoryillnesshasalwaysbeendiscreditedbythedoctors

C.thediscoveryofantibioticsshedslightonpeople’sunderstandingofthemind-bodyinteractionindisease

D.thereisanewunderstandingofthecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem

問題2選項

A.Thebrainandimmunesystemssendsignalstoeachother.

B.Theimmuneandcentralnervoussystemsareorganizedinverydifferentwaystoaffectthecourseofillness.

C.Disruptionofthecommunicationofthebrainandimmunesystemcancurecertaindisease.

D.Theimmunesystemandthebrainsharealotofhormonestofacilitatetheircommunication.

問題3選項

A.Theresponsivenesstostressisgeneticallydetermined.

B.Thetreatmentofimmunemaladiescanbeconsciouslycontrolled.

C.Psychoactivedrugsmayinsomecasesbeusedtotreatinflammatorydiseases.

D.Socialinteractionscanlessenpsychologicalstressandalterimmuneresponses.

問題4選項

A.Takingthecureatamountainsanatoriumdoesn’tworkforthetreatmentformanychronicdiseases.

B.Therelaxingeffectsofhot-springsspacanhelprestorethecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem.

C.Thedisruptionofthebrain’sstressresponsereducesthebody’sresponse.

D.Depressionisalsoassociatedwithinflammatorydisease.

問題5選項

A.sometimesthestressresponseneedstogototheextreme

B.thestressresponsehastobartheforeignpathogensfromthebody

C.boththestressandimmuneresponsesneedtoberegulated

D.theimmunesystempromotesphysiologicalandbehavioralchanges

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。題干：這篇文章提供的信息表明了_____。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句“Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease”可知，我們才剛剛開始了解大腦和免疫系統(tǒng)之間的相互依賴關(guān)系，它們是如何幫助彼此調(diào)節(jié)和反調(diào)節(jié)的，以及它們自身是如何失靈和產(chǎn)生疾病的。由此可知人們對大腦和免疫系統(tǒng)之間的關(guān)系有了新的認(rèn)識。因此D選項符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下列哪一項最能說明疾病中的身心互動？Themind-bodyinteraction對應(yīng)文章第二段的theimmunesystemandthebrain，文中提到“anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly”，可知A選項符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：關(guān)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)的臨床意義，下列哪一項陳述能最好地得到這篇文章的支持？文章第三段第一句提到“signigicance”,后句中“…extendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies...”正好對應(yīng)C選項內(nèi)容。因此C選項符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：從文章中可以推斷出下列哪個陳述？A和B選項與本文無關(guān)。第二段提到“Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress”，說明有影響，但C選項中的reduce并不能體現(xiàn)。第二段最后一句“Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetwork…exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders”正說明精神狀況對于疾病的影響，因此D選項符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，為了保持一種叫做內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)的內(nèi)部穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)______。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段第三句，根據(jù)第五段中“Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate”可知為了維持人體內(nèi)部的平衡，應(yīng)激反應(yīng)必須將外來病原體從體內(nèi)消除。因此B選項符合題意。

12.單選題

（

）,thefactorieshadnotclosed,andthosewhoneededworkmostweregivenachancetosurviveduringtheeconomicdisaster.

問題1選項

A.Blithely

B.Mercifully

C.Glamorously

D.Importunately

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。blithely愉快地，無憂無慮地；mercifully幸運地，寬厚地；glamorously富有魅力地；importunately“纏繞不休地”。句意：幸運的是，工廠沒有倒閉，在經(jīng)濟災(zāi)難中那些最需要工作的人有機會生存。由句意可知B項符合題意。

13.單選題

Thoughtheycamefrom______socialbackgrounds,thenewlymarriedcouplesharednumerousinterestsandfeelings.

問題1選項

A.desultory

B.obsolete

C.malleable

D.disparate

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.desultory漫無目的的；無條理的B.obsolete淘汰的；廢棄的

C.malleable可鍛造的；易受影響（或改變）的D.disparate由不同的人（或事物）組成的；迥然不同的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)though可知，此處為讓步語氣，根據(jù)主句的句意“但這對新婚夫婦有許多共同的興趣和感情”可推知，______socialbackgrounds表示“不同的社會背景”。因此，該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句意。

【句意】雖然他們來自不同的社會背景，但這對新婚夫婦有許多共同的興趣和感情。

14.單選題

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalsointime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionoflight.Asweallknow,lightishot;mysourceoflight-fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomes.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingtheformoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknives,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.

1.Upuntilthe1960stheinstrumentsusedtoperformsurgicaloperationswere（

）.

2.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat

（

）.

3.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause

（

）.

4.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（

）.

問題1選項

A.fashionable

B.extraordinary

C.special

D.basic

問題2選項

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution

C.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

D.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments

問題3選項

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylight

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

問題4選項

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye

B.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

C.memademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章開頭‘Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.’20世紀(jì)60年代之前，外科手術(shù)使用過的工具有：石頭，鋒利的骨頭和角，金屬刀，橡膠和塑料。確定這些工具都是很基本的，D選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段中所舉的眼科手術(shù)的例子可知，使用激光做手術(shù)，可以讓患者感覺輕松和舒服，不需要很長時間就能恢復(fù)，徹底改變了外科手術(shù)的方法，C選項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentratedThismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.然而，激光束中的光是集中的，這意味著不需要比普通電燈泡產(chǎn)生更多的能量就能點燃，當(dāng)它集中在一個針尖大小的光束上時，就會變得非常強烈。”可知，激光光束強是因為它的光束沒有分散，而是集中成針尖大小的光束，所以A選項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)“Noknives,nounwanteddamage—truesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.沒有刀，沒有不必要的傷害——真正的外科奇跡。手術(shù)曾經(jīng)讓病人精疲力竭，需要很長時間的恢復(fù)，現(xiàn)在讓他們感到放松和舒適?！笨芍?，使用激光做外科手術(shù)，可以讓病人遭受極少的痛苦，B選項正確。

15.單選題

BernardFoucault（）in1851thattheearthisrotating.

問題1選項

A.whoproved

B.proved

C.heproved

D.itwasproved

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。分析句子可知，主語是BernardFoucault，空格后面有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，因此空格處只需要填入一個謂語動詞，故選B項。句意：伯納德?福柯在1851年證明了地球是旋轉(zhuǎn)的。

16.翻譯題

OnthefirstdayoftheUSfederalgovernmentshutdown,aCalifornianresidentmaynotyetfeeltheimpact,butmanyChinesetouristsareunhappyandtheirtourguidesnervous.TonyLuhasrunatravelagencyinLosAngelesfor20years.FourtouristgroupsfromChina’smainlandorganizedbyhisagencyarecurrentlytravellingaroundtheUnitedStates.Theyaresufferingdifferentkindsofimpactfromthefederalgovernmentshutdown,whichledtothecloseof401nationalparks,Smithsonian’s19museumsandgalleriesandtheNationalZoo.“Comparedtothe1995-1996shutdown,thistimeismoreserioustous.WerunmostlyChinesemarketbusinessandtherearemanymoreChinesetouristsgroupsnowthan17yearsago,”hesaid.

“Ourclientsarecomplaining.ThetourguidesexplainedtothemthateventheUSPresidentBarackObamacannotsolvetheproblemimmediately,”hesaid.Someofthegroupshavetochangetheiritineraries(行程)astheycannotenterYellowstoneNationalParkortheLincolnMemorial,norcantheyhaveacloselookoftheStatueofLiberty,allofwhichareamongthemostpopulartourismsites.

AccordingtoNationalParkServices,thenationalparkshaveabout715,000visitorsperdayonaverageinOctober.Butnow,visitorsarebeingturnedaway.

Althoughthere’snofigureyetofhowmanyChinesetouristsareaffectedbytheshutdown,someareexpressingtheirsadnessonline.“Iwanttocry,”wroteMsHetoherWeChat(微信)friends.ShehadbeenlookingforwardtohersightseeingtriptotheUSforalongtime.

Butsoonaftershelanded,shelearnedthattheStatueofLiberty,LincolnMemorialandmanyothertouristattractionsonherlistwouldbeclosed.

“NobodywillgiveanycompensationtotheseChinesetourists.TheSenateandtheCongresswilldefinitelynot,”saidLu,“Andwehavetodomoretomakethemfeelbetter,suchasexplainingthesituationtothemandhelpingsomeofthemmodifytheirtravelplans.Hopefullythefederalgovernmentshutdownendssoon.”

Nearly1.5millionChinesetraveledtotheUSlastyear,accordingtotheOfficeofTravelandTourismIndustriesoftheUSDepartmentofCommerce.

ChinesecompaniesdoingbusinessintheUSmayalsobeaffectedifthefederalregulatoryagenciesandotherservicesdonotresumeworksoon.

【答案】美國聯(lián)邦政府關(guān)門第一天，一個加利福尼亞的居民可能覺得沒有影響，但許多中國游客卻不開心，他們的導(dǎo)游也很緊張。托尼?魯在洛杉磯經(jīng)營一家旅行社20年。由他的旅行社接待的來自中國大陸的四個旅游團目前正在周游美國。他們正因聯(lián)邦政府關(guān)門而遭受著不同程度的影響，聯(lián)邦政府關(guān)門導(dǎo)致了401個國家公園、史密森尼的19家博物館和畫廊以及國家動物園的關(guān)閉?！跋啾?995-1996年的關(guān)門，這次對我們來說更嚴(yán)重。我們主要經(jīng)營中國市場業(yè)務(wù)，和17年前相比，現(xiàn)在有更多的中國游客群，”他說。

“我們的客戶在抱怨。導(dǎo)游解釋說就連美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬也不能立即解決問題，”他說。

因為他們不能進入黃石國家公園或林肯紀(jì)念堂，也不能近距離觀察自由女神像，一些旅行團不得不改變行程。而所有景點這些都列在最受歡迎的旅游網(wǎng)站上。

據(jù)國家公園的服務(wù)中心，在10月國家公園平均每天有715000名游客。但是現(xiàn)在，游客卻遭到拒絕。

雖然還沒有數(shù)據(jù)顯示有多少中國游客受關(guān)閉影響，但一些人在線表達了他們的傷心。“我想哭，”何女士在微信上寫給她朋友。她期待著她的美國觀光之旅很長時間了。

但她下飛機不久后，她了解到她清單上的自由女神像、林肯紀(jì)念堂和許多其他旅游景點將被關(guān)閉。

“沒人會給這些中國游客任何補償。參議院和國會絕對不會，”托尼?魯說，“我們必須做更多的工作來讓他們覺得好一點，比如向他們解釋情況，幫助他們中的一些人修改他們的旅行計劃。希望聯(lián)邦政府關(guān)門這件事很快結(jié)束?！?/p>

根據(jù)旅游局和美國商務(wù)部的旅游機構(gòu)，去年有大約150萬中國人前往美國。

如果聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管機構(gòu)和其他服務(wù)沒有很快恢復(fù)工作的話，在美國經(jīng)商的中國公司也可能受到影響。

17.單選題

Notaskissodifficult（

）.

問題1選項

A.thatwecanaccomplishit

B.astobeunabletoaccomplishit

C.butwecanaccomplishit

D.butwecannotaccomplishit

【答案】C

【解析】句意:不管任務(wù)有多困難，我們都能完成。

語法題。考查否定句的特殊用法。But可以表示否定意義，相當(dāng)于“that...not”，因此,butwecanaccomplishit相當(dāng)于“thatwecannotaccomplishit”。

18.單選題

Mostpeoplewouldprobablyagreethatmanyindividualconsumeradvertsfunctiononthelevelofthedaydream.Bypicturingquiteunusuallyhappyandglamorouspeoplewhosesuccessineithercareerorsexualterms,orboth,isobvious,advertsconstructanimaginaryworldinwhichthereaderisabletomakecometruethosedesireswhichremainunsatisfiedinhisorhereverydaylife.

Anadvertforasciencefictionmagazineisunusuallyexplicitaboutthis.Inadditiontotheprimaryusevalueofthemagazine,thereaderispromisedaccesstoawonderfuluniversethroughtheproduct—accesstoothermysteriousandtantalizingworldsandepochs,therealmsoftheimagination.Whenstudyingadvertising,itisthereforeunreasonabletoexpectreaderstodecipheradvertsasfactualstatementsaboutreality.Mostadvertsarejusttoomeagerininformativecontentandtoorichinemotionalsuggestivedetailtobereadliterally.Ifpeoplereadthemliterally,theywouldsoonbeforcedtorealizetheirerrorwhentheglamorouspromisesheldoutbytheadvertsdidn'tmaterialize.

Theaverageconsumerisnotsurprisedthathispurchaseofthecommoditydoesnotredeemthepromiseoftheadvertisement,forthisiswhatheisusedtoinlife:theindividual’spursuitofhappinessandsuccessisusuallyinvain.Butthefantasyishistokeep;inhisdreamworldheenjoysa“futureendlesslydeferred”.

TheEstivaliaadvertisquiteexplicitaboutthefactthatadvertisingshowsusnotreality,butafantasy;itdoessobyopenlyadmittingthedaydreambutinawaythatinsistsontheexistenceofabridgelinkingdaydreamtoreality—Estivalia,whichis“fordaydreambelievers”,thosewhorefusetogiveuptryingtomakethehazyidealofnaturalbeautyandharmonycometrue.

Ifadvertsfunctiononthedaydreamlevel,itclearlybecomesinadequatetomerelycondemnadvertisingforchannelingreaders’attentionanddesirestowardsanunrealistic,paradisiacalnowhereland.Advertisingcertainlydoesthat,butinorderforpeopletofinditrelevant,theutopiavisualizedinadvertsmustbelinkedtooursurroundingrealitybyacasualconnection.

1.Thepeopleinadvertsareinmostcasesare（

）.

2.Whentheglamorouspromisesheldoutbytheadvertsdidn’tmaterialize,theaverageconsumerisnotsurprised,because

（

）.

3.What’sthebridgelinkingdaydreamtorealityinadverts?

4.Whatisthispassagemainlyconcernedwith?

問題1選項

A.happyandglamorous

B.successful

C.obvious

D.bothAandB

問題2選項

A.Theconsumerisusedtothefactthattheindividual’spursuitofhappinessandsuccessisusuallyinvain.

B.Advertsarefactualstatementsaboutreality.

C.Theconsumercancomeintotherealmsofimaginationpicturedbyadverts.

D.Advertscanmaketheconsumer’sdreamscometrue

問題3選項

A.Theproduct.

B.Estivalia.

C.Pictures.

D.Happyandglamorouspeople

問題4選項

A.Manyadvertscanbereadliterally.

B.Everyonehasadaydream.

C.Manyadvertsfunctiononthelevelofthedaydream.

D.Manyadvertsaredeceitfulbecausetheycannotmakegoodtheirpromises.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段中“Bypicturingquiteunusuallyhappyandglamorouspeoplewhosesuccessineithercareerorsexualterms,orboth,isobvious,advertsconstructanimaginaryworldinwhichthereaderisabletomakecometruethosedesireswhichremainunsatisfiedinhisorhereverydaylife.廣告通過描繪非?？鞓泛兔匀说脑谑聵I(yè)或性方面的成功是顯而易見的，廣告構(gòu)建了一個想象的世界，在這個世界里，讀者能夠使那些在他或她的日常生活中仍未得到滿足的愿望成為現(xiàn)實。可知大多數(shù)廣告里的人們都是表現(xiàn)得快樂和迷人，并且成功的。故D項正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段“...forthisiswhatheisusedtoinlife:theindividual’spursuitofhappinessandsuccessisusuallyinvain.這就是他過去所習(xí)慣的生活——追求個人幸福和成功通常是徒勞的?？芍狝項正確。答案A

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由倒數(shù)第二段中“...itdoessobyopenlyadmittingthedaydreambutinawaythatinsistsontheexistenceofabridgelinkingdaydreamtoreality—Estivalia...可知連接白日夢和現(xiàn)實之間的橋梁是Estivalia。故B項正確，答案B

第4題:主旨大意題。由第一段中“Mostpeoplewouldprobablyagreethatmanyindividualconsumeradvertsfunctiononthelevelofthedaydream.大多數(shù)人可能會同意，許多個人消費者廣告的功能在白日夢的水平。”與最后一段“Ifadvertsfunctiononthedaydreamlevel...如果廣告在白日夢層面發(fā)揮作用……?！笨芍疚闹饕v述了大部分廣告都有讓人做白日夢的功能。故C項正確。

19.單選題

Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse.

ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatternstotextiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfortextiledecorationandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess;first,theartisttakesablockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,coversitwithawhiteground,andthendrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedaway,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Thewoodblockisinked,andtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppapereitherbyhandorwithaprintingpress.

Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith'sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,“tocarve”).Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Animpressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothatthepaperpicksuptheink.

Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross-hatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,withsharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages.Asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.Massproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailable,atalowercost,toamuchbroaderpublicthanbefore.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theauthor’spurposesinparagraph2aretodescribe（

）.

3.Theword“incised”inline15isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdowoodcutandengravinghaveincommon?

5.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutprintsEXCEPTthatthey（

）.

問題1選項

A.Theoriginsoftextiledecoration.

B.Thecharacteristicsofgood-qualityprints.

C.Twotypesofprintmaking.

D.Typesofpaperusedinprintmaking.

問題2選項

A.thewoodcutsfoundinChinainthefifthcentury

B.theuseofwoodcutsinthetextileindustry

C.theprocessinvolvedincreatingawoodcut

D.theintroductionofwoodcutstoEurope

問題3選項

A.burned

B.cut

C.framed

D.baked

問題4選項

A.Theirdesignsareslightlyraised.

B.Theyachievecontrastthroughhatchingandcross-hatching.

C.TheywerefirstusedinEurope.

D.Theyallowmultiplecopiestobeproducedfromoneoriginal.

問題5選項

A.canbereproducedonmaterialsotherthanpaper

B.arecreatedfromareversedimage

C.showvariationsbetweenlightanddarkshades

D.requireaprintingpress

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章主要討論的問題是什么”。文章第一段第一句為文章的中心句：版畫是一系列工藝的總稱，其中木刻和雕刻是兩個主要的例子（Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples），接下來的內(nèi)容都是在講述木刻與雕刻，所以選項C“版畫的兩種”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“第二段的目的是為了描述……”。文章第二段介紹了木刻的來源：公元五世紀(jì)中國開始采用，主要用于紡織；十四世紀(jì)傳入歐洲。然后介紹了木刻工藝的具體流程，因此選項C符合題意。

3.詞義題。題目問的是“單詞incised與哪個詞的意思最接近”。文章第三