考研考博-英語-山東科技大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東科技大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.不定項選擇題

Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniorsfromfeatheringtheirownnestsatexpenseoftheirshareholders.Thethreemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent,linkingbosses’paytovariousperformancemeasures,andgivingbossesshareoptions,sothattheyhavethesamelong-terminterestsastheirshareholders.

ThesereformshavebeenwidelyadoptedbyAmerican’slargercompanies,andsurveyssuggestthatmanymorecompaniesarethinkingoffollowingtheirlead.Buthavetheydoneanygood?ThreepaperspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAcademyofManagementinBostonthisweeksuggestnot.Asisusuallythecasewithboardroomtinkering,theconsequenceshavedifferedfromthoseintended.

Startwiththoseindependentboards.Onthefaceofit,dismissingtheboss’sfriendsfromtheboardandreplacingthemwithoutsiderslooksaperfectwaytomakeseniormanagersmoreaccountable.ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal.Insteadhefoundthatbosseswithaboardroomfullofoutsidesspendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders.

Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed.Mr.Westphalfoundthat,toaremarkabledegree,“independent”boardspursuestrategiesthatarelikelytofavorseniormanagersratherthanshareholders.Suchcompaniesdiversifytheirbusiness,increasethepayofexecutivesandweakenthelinkbetweenpayandperformance.

Toassesstheimpactofperformancerelatedpay,Mr.Westphalaskedthebossesof103companieswithstatesofover$1billionwhatmeasurementswereusedtodeterminetheirpay.Themeasurementsvariedwidely,rangingfromsalestoearningspershare.Buttheresearcher’sbigdiscoverywasthatbossesattendtomeasuresthataffecttheirownincomesandignoreorplaydownotherfactorsthataffectacompany’soverall-success.

Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings.Hereisaparadoxforthemanagementtheorists:anybosswhocannotbeatasystemdesignedtokeephimundercontrolisprobablynotworthhaving.

1.Whatisthepurposeofthelargecompaniesinrecruitingoutsidersandputtingthemontheboardofdirectors?

2.WhatdoesProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudysuggest?

3.Theword“seduction”(Line1,Para.4)probablymeans（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffortstocontrolseniorexecutives?

問題1選項

A.Todiversifythebusinessofthecorporation.

B.Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors.

C.Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement.

D.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders.

問題2選項

A.Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult.

B.Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent.

C.Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously.

D.Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms.

問題3選項

A.effortstoconquer

B.attemptstowinover

C.endeavorstoincreaseprofits

D.exertionstounderstand

問題4選項

A.Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive.

B.Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits.

C.Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves.

D.Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders.

問題5選項

A.Doubtful

B.Optimistic

C.Positive

D.Approving

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。由recruitingoutsiders定位到文章第一段第一、二句“Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniors…recruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent”，即美國的公司采用了三種方法來保護股東的利益。聘用更多外部人員也是方法之一。A選項“Todiversifythebusinessofthecorporation”意為“使公司的業(yè)務多樣化”，原文并未提及；B選項“Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors”意為“加強高層管理者與董事會的合作”，原文并未提及；C選項“Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement”意為“推行有效的企業(yè)管理改革”，這是手段不是目的；D選項“Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders”意為“保護股東的利益”。因此D選項符合題意。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。由ProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudy定位到文章第三段第二、三句“Onthefaceofit,dismissing…ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal”，從表面上看，從董事會解雇老板的朋友，用外部人士取代他們似乎是一個使高級經(jīng)理更負責任的完美方法。但這并不是詹姆斯?威斯特法爾教授研究得出的結論。由此可知，實際情況沒有達到預期。A選項“Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult”，意為“董事會的改革沒有達到預期的結果”，原本改革是為了保護股東的利益，但現(xiàn)在股東需要拉幫結派，收攏外聘者，所以沒有達到預期的效果；B選項“Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent”意為“外部董事往往更加獨立”，一開始這些股東是獨立的，但后來老板們就會建立聯(lián)盟，從而董事變得不再獨立；C選項“Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously”意為“由于董事會里全是外聘者，高級經(jīng)理們工作起來更加認真”。但這只是Onthefaceofit（表面上），實際上這不是教授得出的結論；D選項“Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms”意為“高層管理人員與董事會的合作因改革受到了影響”，原文并未提及高層管理人員和董事會的合作。因此A選項符合題意。

第3題:語義推測題。由seduction定位到文章第四段第一句“Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed”，這些誘惑往往會成功。由原文可知，theseseductions指代的是前文“bosses…spendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders”即老板們花了大量的時間建立聯(lián)盟，做私人恩情，取悅外人。而這些都是為了把外聘者拉攏過來，加入自己的陣營。A選項“effortstoconquer”意為“努力去戰(zhàn)勝”，原文并沒有說要戰(zhàn)勝誰；B選項“attemptstowinover”意為“企圖爭取過來”，符合題意；C選項“endeavorstoincreaseprofits”意為“努力提高收益”，前文并沒有提及提高收益；D選項“exertionstounderstand”意為“努力去理解”，前文沒有理解的相關內(nèi)容。因此B選項符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。結合選項定位到文章最后一段第一句“Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings”總之，經(jīng)理們很快就將每個可想象的公司治理制度轉(zhuǎn)變成對自己有益的制度——而這可能是他們成為管理人員的原因。由此可推測，高層管理人員可能利用了自己的職位來獲利。A選項“Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive”意為“一般來說，公司高管的高薪是值得的”，與原文不符，高管們可能通過職位謀取私利所以他們的高薪是否值得不能肯定；B選項“Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits”意為“公司高管的收入與公司利潤的增長成正比”，原文并未提及高管的收入與公司利潤的關系；C選項“Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves”意為“公司高管往往會利用他們的職位來獲利”，與原文相符；D選項“Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders”意為“公司高管的績效對其自身利益的影響大于對股東利益的影響”，原文并未提及高管的績效對股東利益的影響。因此C選項符合題意。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。定位到文章最后一段第一句“Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings”總之，經(jīng)理們很快就將每個可想象的公司治理制度轉(zhuǎn)變成對自己有益的制度——而這可能是他們成為管理人員的原因。由此可推測，高層管理人員可能利用了自己的職位來獲利。這說明作者對控制高管所做的努力持懷疑態(tài)度，因為高管仍有可能謀取私利。A選項“Doubtful”意為“懷疑的”，符合題意；B選項“Optimistic”意為“樂觀的”，與原文不符；C選項“Positive”意為“肯定的”，與原文不符；D選項“Approving”意為“贊成的”，與原文不符。因此A選項符合題意。

2.單選題

John______smokeheavily,buthehasnowstopped.

問題1選項

A.isusedto

B.wasusedto

C.usedto

D.hasbeenusedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項isusedto和B選項wasusedto均表示“習慣于……；習慣”；C選項usedto意為“過去常常，過去經(jīng)常做某事”，有過去常這樣做，現(xiàn)在不這樣做了的意味；D選項hasbeenusedto是beusedto的完成時。句意：約翰過去抽煙很厲害，但現(xiàn)在不抽了。因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

TheChinesegovernmentcontinuestoupholdtheprincipleofpeacefulco-existence.

問題1選項

A.support

B.restrict

C.raise

D.modify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。uphold表示“支撐，支持，鼓勵”；A項support“支持”，B項restrict“限制”，C項raise“提高”，D項modify“修改”。句意：中國政府繼續(xù)堅持和平共處的原則。根據(jù)句意可知A項正確。

4.填空題

Direction:Thefollowingaresomewordsandphrases,someofwhicharetakenfromthetextthatfollows.Decidewhichwordorphraseshouldgoineachgapandthenwritetheletterinthespaceprovided.Notethattherearemorewordsandphrasethangaps.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

StandardsofMeasurement

Inearlytimesmeasurementsweremadebycomparingthingswithpartsof(example).Earlyunitsofmeasurementincludedthedistancefromtheelbowtothefingers,thewidthofthehandandthewidthofthefingers.

Someofthesehumanmeasurementsarestillused.Forexample,66basedonthelengthofhalfthethumb.Afootwasoriginally67ofaman’sfoot.Amilewasonethousandwalkingsteps.

Theseunitswereonly68becausetheirstandard—thehumanbody—wasnotconstant.Governmentstriedto69thembyusingrodsoffixedlengths.Buttheserodsstillvariedfrom70tocountry.

DuringtheFrenchRevolution,scientistslookedfora__71whichdidnotchange.TheychosethedistancefromtheEquatortotheNorthPole,whichisonequarterofthecircumferenceoftheEarth.Onetenmillionthofthiswascalled72andbecamethebasicunitofthemetricsystem.Othermetric73arebasedonit.Forexample,thecentimeterisonehundredthofameter.Agram—theunitof74isthemassofonecubiccentimeterofwater.

Astandardmeterwasmarkedonaplatinumbar.Theaccuracyof75wascheckedbycomparingthemwiththisbar.Nowadaysthemeterisstandardizedbycomparingitwithanotherconstant—thewavelengthofacertainkindoflight.

66.______67.______68.______69.______70.______

71.______72.______73.______74.______75.______

【答案】66.J

67.E

68.K

69.A

70.L

71.N

72.I

73.B

74.M

75.G

【解析】66.考查上下文語義。第一句提到Someofthesehumanmeasurementsarestillused.（一些人工測量方法仍在使用），緊接著下文提到…basedonthelengthofhalfthethumb（……根據(jù)一半拇指的長度），由此可知，空格處填入的應該是一個測量的單位，故該題選J“theinch（英寸）”正確。

67.考查句子語義。根據(jù)句子Afootwasoriginally…ofaman’sfoot（英尺最初是一個人的腳的……），可知，空格處應該是填入length表示長度；故該題選E正確。

68.考查句子語義。根據(jù)句子Theseunitswereonly…becausetheirstandard—thehumanbody—wasnotconstant.（這些單位只是……因為人體的器官并不是一成不變的），可知，空格處應該是表示“大約的，近似的”；故該題選K正確。

69.考查句子語義。應該填入一個動詞，只有A和M是動詞，根據(jù)句子意思A符合題意。句意：政府試圖通過使用固定長度的棒子來將其標準化。故該題選A正確。

70.考查固定用法。varyfromcountrytocountry表示“因國家而異”，因此空格處要填入country。句意：但是這些棒子仍然依國家而異。故該題選L正確。

71.考查上下文語義。上一段提到?jīng)]有標準的測量，下文就提到了DuringtheFrenchRevolution,scientistslookedfora…whichdidnotchange.（在法國大革命期間，科學家們尋找一種不變的……），由此可知空格處應該是表示“標準的測量”，故N項符合題意。該題選N正確。

72.考查上下文語義。由下文Forexample,thecentimeterisonehundredthofameter（例如，厘米是一米的百分之一）可知此處指的是“一米”，因此空格處應該填onemeter。該題選I正確。

73.考查上下文語義。由下文的centimeter和gram可知此處指的是“測量單位”，因此空格處應該填units。句意：其他公制單位以它為基礎。該題選B正確。

74.考查上下文語義。由常識判斷gram是重量單位，因此空格處應該填weight；句意：重量單位一克相當于一立方厘米水。故該題選M正確。

75.考查上下文語義。上句提到Astandardmeterwasmarkedonaplatinumbar.（標準的米制測量標在鋁棒上），下文接著說到Theaccuracyof…wascheckedbycomparingthemwiththisbar.（……的準確度是通過把它們與這根桿子比較來檢驗的），根據(jù)這兩個句子可以猜到空格處應該是表示“測量儀器”，因此該題選G正確。

5.單選題

Mac'sclose（）tohisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemfuroneanother.

問題1選項

A.resemblance

B.identity

C.appearance

D.relationship

【答案】A

【解析】句意:麥克和弟弟長得十分相像，人們常常把他們倆認錯。

考查固定搭配?？崭裉幟~應與to構成搭配，根據(jù)后面句意可知A項“resemblanceto與…相似”正確。

6.單選題

Ifeveragain______anaccidentlikethat,we’llhaveonlyourselvestoblame.

問題1選項

A.therehappens

B.therecomes

C.therearises

D.thereseems

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項happen“發(fā)生”，B項come“來，開始，發(fā)生”，C項arise“出現(xiàn)，上升”，D項seem“似乎，像是”。句式是therebe句型的變體，句子的主語是anaccidentlikethat“像那樣的事故”，可以排除C、D選項；B項come表示“事情發(fā)生”一般和about搭配，comeabout表示“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生”；A項通常指偶然或突發(fā)性事件，所以A項符合語境。句意：如果再發(fā)生這樣的事故，我們只能怪自己。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

7.單選題

Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

問題1選項

A.increased

B.alleviated

C.interrupted

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】increase增加；alleviate減輕，緩和；interrupt中斷，打擾；deteriorate惡化。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指減輕疼痛，選項B符合句意。

8.單選題

IftheAmericanswiththeirpeacetalksdogetthepartiestogether,theirfirstbusinesswillbetoarrangea（

）sothatfoodcanmove.

問題1選項

A.truth

B.trace

C.truce

D.trap

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。truth意為“真理”；trace意為“痕跡，蹤跡”；truce意為“休戰(zhàn)”；trap意為“陷阱，詭計”。

句意：如果美國人的和平會談使政黨團結，他們的第一要務是安排休戰(zhàn)，這樣食品才能運輸。

9.單選題

FastReading

Newspapers

Newspapersaretheoriginalformofbroadbandcommunication,adistinctionnotalwaysrecognizedintheageoftheInternet.Longbeforewehadcomputers,televisions,radios,telephonesandtelegraphs,newspaperswerethecheapestandmostefficientwaytoreachmassaudienceswithnews,commentaryandadvertising.Newspapers,fromtheirbeginningsashand-printed“broadsheets”,havebeenatruerandom-accessmedium-readerscanmoveeasilyandquicklythroughthedifferentsectionsofanewspaper,returningtothemdaysorevenweekslater.Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.

WhatDidtheGrowthofTVNewsMeantoNewspapers?

Withthegrowthoftelevisionnewsinthe1960s,newspapersconfrontedtheirfirstformidablecompetitor.Today,ABCNewsclaimsthatmoreAmericansgettheirnewsfromABCthanfromanyothersource—andit’sprobablytrue.TheUnitedStates’1,600dailynewspaperscontinuetoservemillionsofreaders,butnewspapersarenolongerthecountry’sdominantmassmedium.Howtosurviveandevenflourishinaculturemoreattunedto（吻合）electronicmediathantoprinter’sinkisthemostseriousissuefacingthenewspaperindustryasitentersthe21stcentury.

ItissafetosaythatnewspapersarenotabouttofollowtheMorsetelegraphintooblivion.Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium.Noonelugsacomputermonitortothebreakfasttabletogetthemorningnews.And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

WhatExactlyIsNewsandHowDoesItWork?

Curiously,forapublicationcalledanewspaper,noonehasevercoinedastandarddefinitionofnews.Butforthemostpart,newsusuallyfallsunderonebroadclassification-theabnormal.Itishumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisastersthatoften“makethenews”.Reportersareanewspaper’sfront-lineeyesandears.Reportersglean（收集）informationfrommanysources,somepublic,suchaspolicerecords,andothersprivate,suchasagovernmentinformant.Occasionally,areporterwillgotojailratherthanrevealthenameofaconfidentialsourceforanewsstory.Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

Somereportersareassignedtobeats,oranareaofcoverage,suchasthecourts,cityhall,education,business,medicineandsoforth.Othersarecalledgeneralassignmentreporters,whichmeanstheyareoncallforavarietyofstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.Inthemovies,reportershaveexciting,frenzied（狂熱的）anddangerousjobsastheyliveafamouspronouncementofthenewspaperbusiness:“Comforttheafflictedandafflictthecomfortable.”Althoughafewmembersofthemediahavebeenkilledasaresultofinvestigationsintowrongdoing,newspaperworkforthegreatmajorityofreportersisroutine.

Allreportersareultimatelyresponsibletoaneditor.Dependingonitssize,anewspapermayhavenumerouseditors,beginningwithanexecutiveeditorresponsibleforthenewsdivision.Immediatelybelowtheexecutiveeditoristhemanagingeditor,thepersonwhooverseestheday-to-dayworkofthenewsdivision.Othereditors―sports,photo,state,national,featuresandobituary（訃告）,forexample—mayalsoreporttothemanagingeditor.

However,thebestknownandinsomewaysthemostcrucialeditoristhecityormetroeditor.Thisistheeditorthatreportersworkfordirectly.Thecityormetroeditorassignsstones,enforcesdeadlinesandisthefirsttoseereporters’rawcopyonthecompositionsystemorcomputernetwork.Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.Oftenworkingunderthestressofbreakingnews,theirdecisionstranslatedirectlyintothecontentofthenewspaper.

Oncethecityormetroeditorhasfinishededitingareporter’srawcopy,thestorymovesfromthecompositionsystemviathecomputernetworktoanotherpartofthenewsdivision,thecopydesk.Here,copyeditorscheckforspellingandothererrorsofusage.Theymayalsolookfor“holes”inthestorythatwouldconfusereadersorleavetheirquestionsunanswered.Thecopydeskchiefroutesfinishedstoriestoothereditorswhofitlocalandwireservicestories,headlines（writtenbytheeditor—notthereporter!）anddigitalphotographsontopages.Newspapersareincreasinglydoingthiswork,calledpagination（分頁）,withpersonalcomputersusingsoftwareavailableatanyofficesupplystore.MicrosoftWindows,WordandQuarkExpressarethreeprogramsthat,thoughnotdesignedfornewspaperproduction,areeasilyadaptedforit.

WhatAretheEditorialPagesAllAbout?

Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.Thisiswhereeditorials,unsignedcommentarythatreflectsthecollectivepositionofthenewspaper’seditorialboard,appear.Editorialsarenotnews,butratherreasonedopinionbasedonfacts.Forexample,editorialsmaycriticizetheperformanceofpublicofficialssuchasthemayor,thepolicechief,orthelocalschoolboard;conversely,editorialsmaypraiseothersfortheirciviccontributions.Whateverthetopic,newspapershopetheireditorialswillraisethelevelofcommunitydiscourse.

Twowaysthisoccursarefamiliartoanynewspaperreader―letterstotheeditorandop-edarticles（acontractionofopposite-editorialpage）.Lettersarealwaysamongthebest-readsectionofanynewspaper,forthisiswherereadersexpresstheiropinions.Op-edarticlesusuallyrun850to1,000words.Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.

Theeditorialpagesareunderthedirectionofaneditoroutsidethenewsdivision.Newspaperpeoplecallthis“separationofchurchandstate”,meaningthereisalinebetweennewsandopinionthatmustnotbecrossed.Todosostripsanewspaperofitsmostvaluableasset-credibility.Forthatreason,editorialpageeditorsatsomelargenewspapersreporttothepublisher,whoisthechiefexecutiveofficerofthecompany,andnottotheexecutiveeditor.Othernewspapersmayhavetheireditorialpageeditorreportingtotheexecutiveeditor.Whatevertheorganizationalmodel,though,neitherdepartmentcantelltheotherwhattopublishinthenewspaper.

HowAreNewspapersDistributed?

Responsibilityforgettingthenewspaperfromthepresstothereaderfallstothedistributiondivision.Largenewspaperspublishtwo,threeorevenfoureditions,allofwhichmustbereadytoleavethenewspaperplantatacertaintime.Thefirstedition,sometimescalledthebulldogedition（晨版）,goestotheouterlimitsofthenewspaper’scirculationarea.

Thismaybeseveralcountiesorevenanentirestate.Latereditionscontainprogressivelyfreshernewsandgotosmallerareas.Thefinaledition,whichgoestopressaftermidnight,containsthelatestnewsbutcoversthesmallestgeographicalarea,usuallyacity.

Anysubscribertoadailynewspaperknowsthatitplops（撲通落下）ontothedrivewayintheweehoursofthemorning.Independentcontractorscalledcarriersbuycopiesofthenewspaperatdiscountanddeliverthem,usingtheirpersonalvehicles.ThefirstjobformanyAmericanyoungsterswasdeliveringtheafternoonpaperintheirneighborhood.

Thecirculationdepartmentdrawstheroutesthatcarriersfollow.Thisdepartmentisalsoresponsibleforracksales,newspapersthatgointocoin-operateddispensers（自動售貨機）.Thecirculationdepartmentmaintainssubscribers’billingrecords,stopsandstartsdeliveriesuponrequest,andusesservicerunnerstodelivermissingpapers.

In18hoursofhighlycoordinatedworkcarriedoutbynumerousdivisions,whatnewspaperpeoplecalla“roughdraftofhistory”asmovedthroughcomputersystems,imaging（成像）machinesandpresses,toitsfinaldestination-thereaders.

After3:30a.m.,fewpeopleremainatanewspaperplant.Alltheotherdivisionshavegonehome.Thepresseshavefallensilent,perhapsundergoingmaintenancefortheremainderofthenight.Thesuddensilencewillnotlastlong.Inlessthanfourhours,thenewspaper,asitmustdo365daysayear,willrousefromitsshortsleepandstartalloveragain.

1.Whatcanbestdescribethequalitiesofnewspapersnow?

2.WhatqualitiesshouldNewspaperspossessinordertosurviveinthecompetitionagainstothermedia?

3.Today’snewspaperspaymoreattentiontothefollowingaspectsEXCEPT（）.

4.WhyAmericannewspapersconsiderthemselves“thewatchdogbranch”?

5.Whatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaperisdecidedby（）.

6.Whatmustbepublishedonnewspapers’editorialpages?

7.Newspapersmakeroomforletterstotheeditorandopposite-editorialarticlesasimportantdevotionto（）.

問題1選項

A.Theyareoriginalandhand-printed.

B.Theyarethecheapestandmostefficient.

C.Theyareuniversalandeverlasting.

D.Theyarethewholeworld’sdominantmassmedium.

問題2選項

A.Convenienceandadaptability.

B.Convenienceandgooddesign.

C.Colorphotographyandadaptability.

D.Gooddesignandcolorphotography.

問題3選項

A.gooddesign

B.detailedstories

C.colorphotography

D.lowcostandhighincome

問題4選項

A.Becausetheyreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

B.Becausetheyuncoverlegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

C.Becausetheyreporthumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisasters.

D.Becausetheygatherstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.

問題5選項

A.thecopyeditor

B.theexecutiveeditor

C.themanagingeditor

D.thecityormetroeditor

問題6選項

A.Thecriticismofpublicofficialssuchasthemayorandthepolicechief.

B.Theopinionsthatreadersexpressaboutthedetailedstories.

C.Newspapers’commentsoncurrentevents.

D.Thegooddeedpublicofficialshavedonefortheirciviccontributions.

問題7選項

A.currentevents

B.publicreports

C.privatestories

D.civicdialogue

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出：Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.（因為報紙的“軟件”是由一種共同的語言組成的，所以它具有普遍和無時間限制的特質(zhì)）。因此C項“它們普遍而永恒”正確。

2.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第三段講了報紙是如何求生存：Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium（報紙是一種方便攜帶的媒介），以及：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（驚人的是，報紙善于打造自身以適應現(xiàn)今的讀者，通過注重好的設計，彩色攝影和報告和解釋時事的詳細報道）。由此可知，報紙為了在競爭中生存應該具備方便和適應性的特點，故選A。

3.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第三段指出：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（驚人的是，報紙善于打造自身以適應現(xiàn)今的讀者，通過注重好的設計，彩色攝影和報告和解釋時事的詳細報道）。四個選項中，只有D項“低成本，高收入”未被提及，因此答案選D。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出：Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.（美國報紙驕傲的自稱為政府第四個分支——監(jiān)察機構——這暴露了立法、行政和司法方面的不當行為）。由此可知B項正確。

5.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第七段指出：Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.（這些編輯被稱作守門人，因為他們控制著第二天報紙上將出現(xiàn)的大多數(shù)內(nèi)容）。由此可知D項正確。

6.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第九段指出：Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.（報紙將其關于當?shù)鼗驀鴥?nèi)最近事件的觀點發(fā)表于社論版面里）。由此可知，社論版發(fā)表對最近事件的看法。故選C。

7.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第十段指出：Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.（報紙為讀者來信和反對意見的文章騰出地方，是它們?yōu)槭忻駥υ捵龀鲐暙I的一部分）。因此，D項“公民對話”正確。

10.單選題

Thereisanoldsayingthatyoucannever______unlessyougiveyourconsent.

問題1選項

A.beinsulted

B.insult

C.insulting

D.toinsult

【答案】A

【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。該句同位語從句中的主語“you”是動作“insult”的承受者，因此應用被動語態(tài)，又謂語動詞是情態(tài)動詞，被動形式應為“情態(tài)動詞+bedone”。句意：有句老話說，除非你同意，否則你永遠不會被侮辱。因此A選項正確。

11.單選題

Inspiteofthe______economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

問題1選項

A.gloomy

B.miserable

C.shadowy

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項gloomy“低迷的”，B項miserable“痛苦的”，C項shadowy“陰影的”，D項obscure“昏暗的”。根據(jù)句子意思“盡管經(jīng)濟前景……，制造業(yè)產(chǎn)量略有上升”可知，A項最符合句意。句意：盡管經(jīng)濟前景黯淡，制造業(yè)產(chǎn)出卻略有上升。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

12.單選題

Althoughthetownhadbeen（）bythestormseveraltimes,littledamagewasdone.

問題1選項

A.attacked

B.injured

C.banned

D.struck

【答案】A

【解析】句意:盡管這個城鎮(zhèn)幾次遭到暴風雨的襲擊，但幾乎沒有造成什么損失。

考查動詞辨析。attack攻擊，抨擊，動手干；injure傷害，損害:harm傷害，危害，損害;struck罷工，打擊。此處是動詞的過去分詞形式表被動，動作的發(fā)出者是thestorm(暴風雨)，故選A項。

13.單選題

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

ThisislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate-asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorousl