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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東醫(yī)學(xué)高等專科學(xué)??荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inpracticethetheoryoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decline

B.fluctuate

C.frustrate

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)decline“下降;衰落;謝絕”;B選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng);漲落;動(dòng)搖”;C選項(xiàng)frustrate“失??;受挫”;D選項(xiàng)prosper“繁榮,昌盛;成功”。句意:在實(shí)踐中,這一理論往往使鐵路公司處于決定哪些公司會(huì)興旺發(fā)達(dá)、哪些會(huì)倒閉的位置。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞fail“衰敗;倒閉”,可推測前文的單詞應(yīng)是與之相反的詞,得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

ThemanI’mseekingtofillthispositionmustbe______sincehewillberepresentingusbeforethepublic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.personable

B.pedant

C.hypocritical

D.snobbish

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)personable表示“品貌兼優(yōu)的,英俊瀟灑的”,B項(xiàng)pedant表示“學(xué)究,書呆子,賣弄學(xué)問的人”,C項(xiàng)hypocritical表示“虛偽的,偽善的”,D項(xiàng)snobbish表示“勢利的”。根據(jù)hewillberepresentingusbeforethepublic(他將在公眾面前代表我們)可知,“品貌兼優(yōu)的”符合語境。句意:我要找來填補(bǔ)這個(gè)職位的人必須是品貌兼優(yōu)的,因?yàn)樗麑⒃诠娒媲按砦覀儭R虼?,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

ForseveraldaysIsawlittleofMr.Rochester.Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemanfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim.Whenhisfootwaswellenough,herodeoutagreatdeal.

Duringthetime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme,becauseIsawthatIhadnothingtodowiththecauseofthem.

Oneevening,severaldayslater,IwasinvitedtotalktoMr.Rochesterafterdinner.Hewassittinginhisarmchair,andlookednotquitesosevere,andmuchlessgloomy.Therewasasmileonhislips,andhiseyeswerebright,probablywithwine.AsIwaslookingathim,hesuddenlyturned,andaskedme,“doyouthinkI’mhandsome,MissEyre?”

TheanswersomehowslippedfrommytonguebeforeIrealizedit:“Nosir.”

“Ah,youreallyareunusual!Youareaquiet,seriouslittleperson,butyoucanbealmostrude.”

“Sir,I’msorry.Ishouldhavesaidthatbeautydoesn’tmatter,orsomethinglikesthat.”

“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling.Therearenotmanygirlslikeyou.ButperhapsIgotoofast.Perhapsyouhaveawfulfaultstocounterbalanceyourfewgoodpoints.”

Ithoughttomyselfthathemighthavetoo.Heseemedtoreadmymind,andsaidquickly,“yes,youareright.Ihaveplentyoffaults.IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.Imighthavebeenverydifferent.Imighthavebeenasgoodasyou,andperhapswiser.Iamnotabadman,takemywordforit,butIhavedonewrong.Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope.”

Itseemedhehadquitealottotalktome.Hedidn’tseemtoliketofinishthetalkquickly,aswasthecaseforthefirsttime.

“Don’tbeafraidofme,MissEyre.”Hecontinued.“Youdon’trelaxorlaughverymuch;perhapsbecauseoftheeffectLowoodschoolhashadonyou.Butintimeyouwillbemorenaturalwithme,andlaugh,aridspeakfreely.You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.Goodnight.”

1.AtthebeginningMissEyre’simpressionsofMr.RochesterwereallEXCEPT(

).

2.In“...allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse...’’,theword“about”means

).

3.WhydidMr.Rochestersay"...andthenyoustabmeintheback!”?(7thPara)

4.FromwhatMr.RochestertoldMissEyer,wecanconcludethathewantedto

).

5.Attheendofthepassage,Mr.Rochestersound(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.busy

B.sociable

C.friendly

D.changeable

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.around

B.on

C.outside

D.concerning

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.BecauseJanehadintendedtokillhimwithaknife.

B.BecauseJanehadintendedtobemorecritical.

C.BecauseJanehadregrettedhavingtalkedtohim.

D.BecauseJanehadsaidsomethingelsetocorrectherself.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tellherallhistroubles

B.tellherhislifeexperience

C.changeheropinionofhim

D.changehiscircumstances

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.rude

B.cold

C.friendly

D.encouraging

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章中有關(guān)簡愛對羅徹斯特印象的描述主要在文章前兩段。根據(jù)第—段中的Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemanfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim(上午他似乎有很多工作要做,下午隔壁的紳士會(huì)邀請他并且有時(shí)候會(huì)和他一起吃晚餐),由此可知選項(xiàng)A“繁忙”和選項(xiàng)B“善于交際的”屬于簡愛對羅徹斯特的最初印象;根據(jù)第二段的Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme...(對于他這種多變的態(tài)度,我也沒有在意)可知選項(xiàng)D“易變的”也屬于簡愛對羅徹斯特的最初印象,而選項(xiàng)C“友好的”沒有在文章中體現(xiàn),故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

2.詞義題。about所在句為:Duringthetime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile(那吋,我對他所有的了解僅限于偶爾幾次在家中的碰面,這時(shí)候這位鄰居也只會(huì)是冷冷地從我身旁走過,但是有時(shí)候會(huì)鞠躬微笑),原文中的occasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse是指在家里的幾次偶爾的碰面,分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A“在……周圍”,B“在…上面”,C“在…外面”和D“有關(guān),關(guān)于”可知aroundthehouse與文中的aboutthehouse意思最接近,故答案選項(xiàng)為A。

3.判斷推理題。題干部分所在句為:Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!(我明白了,你批判我的外表,然后在后面捅了我一刀,這里的stabmeintheback字而意思是“從背后中傷我,背后捅我一刀”但是這里是一個(gè)比喻,說明簡愛的話非常直接,將他傷的更深了,故答案選項(xiàng)為B“因?yàn)楹啇鄣脑捀佑信行粤恕?;選項(xiàng)A“因?yàn)楹啇鄞蛩阌贸值稓⒘怂敝皇亲置嬉馑迹贿x項(xiàng)C“因?yàn)楹啇酆蠡诟f話”在文章中沒有體現(xiàn);選項(xiàng)D“因?yàn)楹啇壅f了一些糾正的話”,他之所以感覺受傷更深原因在于簡愛說話的內(nèi)容而不是說話的行為,故選項(xiàng)D也不對。

4.判斷推理題。題目是問“從羅徹斯特對簡愛說的話中我們可以知道羅徹斯特的目的是什么”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別為根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段中的WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope(我什么要告訴你這些?因?yàn)槟闶悄欠N讓人非常愿意把自己的問題和秘密說出來的人,因?yàn)槟惴浅S型樾亩夷芙o人希望),可知羅徹斯特只是單純地愿意將自己的經(jīng)歷講給簡愛聽,并不帶任何其他的目的,故答案選項(xiàng)為B項(xiàng)“想要告訴簡愛他的人生經(jīng)歷”。

5.判斷推理題。文章最后一段中羅徹斯特的話主要是對簡愛進(jìn)行鼓勵(lì),特別是這一句:You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh(你就像是一只的籠中小鳥,當(dāng)年掙脫了籠子,你就會(huì)飛得更高),由此可知答案選項(xiàng)為D“令人鼓舞的,鼓勵(lì)的”。

4.翻譯題

我一直以為大學(xué)校長是高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚、指導(dǎo)學(xué)術(shù)與教育大方向的決策人,而不是管饅頭稀飯的保姆。這一類型的教育者的用心,毋庸置疑,當(dāng)然是善意的。問題是,我們論“事”的時(shí)候,用心如何根本不重要,重要的是實(shí)際后果,而教育的后果何其嚴(yán)重!在這種過度呵護(hù)的幼稚教育下成長的大學(xué)生,遇事時(shí),除了“眼淚汪汪”之外又能做些什么呢?

【答案】參考譯文:

Ihavealwaysconsidereduniversitypresidentstobefar-sighteddecision—makerswhoconductacademicresearchandguidemaindirectionsofeducationratherthanbabysitterswhoareinchargeofstudents’dailylife.Ofcourse,thereisnodoubtthatsucheducatorshaveverygoodintentions.Theproblemis,whenwemakejudgmentsonsomething,whatmatterarenotintentionsbuttheactualconsequences.Andhowserioustheconsequencesofeducationare!Whatcanyouexpecttheuniversitystudentswhoarebroughtupinaneducationalsystemwhichtreatthemlikebabiestodoexceptforseeingthemtoshedtearsinfaceofanactualhardshipproblem?

5.單選題

Itisgenerallythoughtthatasteachersworkwithstudents,psychologycourseworkis(

)toteacher-training.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indispensable

B.inviolate

C.indisposed

D.invariable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。indispensable“不可缺少的;絕對必要的”;inviolate“無污點(diǎn)的;未褻瀆的”;indisposed“不舒服的;不愿意的”;invariable“不改變的;常數(shù)的”。句意:通常情況下都會(huì)認(rèn)為當(dāng)老師和學(xué)生共事時(shí),心理學(xué)課程是教師培訓(xùn)必不可少的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Mr.Smithissupposed()forItalylastweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohaveleft

B.havingleft

C.toleave

D.tobeleaving

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。besupposedtodosth.為固定用法,

意為應(yīng)該做某事,

所以首先排除選項(xiàng)B。選項(xiàng)A表示“已經(jīng)離開”,

選項(xiàng)C表示“準(zhǔn)備離開”,

選項(xiàng)D表示“正在離開”。根據(jù)句意:史密斯先生應(yīng)該上個(gè)星期就已經(jīng)離開去意大利了,

選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Humorhasbeenwelldefinedas:“Thinkinginfunwhilefeelinginearnest”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.幽默被人很好地解釋為:“帶著認(rèn)真的情緒滑稽地思考”。

B.幽默被人很恰當(dāng)?shù)亟忉尀椋骸罢J(rèn)真地感覺,不認(rèn)真地思考”。

C.幽默被人很巧妙地詮釋為:“一面認(rèn)真地感覺一面滑稽地思考”。

【答案】A

【解析】本題的關(guān)鍵在于對引語的翻譯,相比較之下,選項(xiàng)A翻譯最為準(zhǔn)確。

8.單選題

Karachiisfamousforitsbroadboulevardsandmanyfinemodernbuildings,includingthoseofUniversityofKarachi.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tree-linedstreets

B.mosques

C.highways

D.bridges

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tree-linedstreets“林蔭路”;B選項(xiàng)mosques“清真寺”;C選項(xiàng)highways“高速公路”;D選項(xiàng)bridges“橋梁”。句意:卡拉奇以其寬闊的林蔭大道和許多漂亮的現(xiàn)代建筑而聞名,包括卡拉奇大學(xué)的建筑。劃線部分boulevards是林蔭大道的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

IwasawfullytiredwhenIgothomefromwork,butahalf-hournap(

)me.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revived

B.released

C.relieved

D.recovered

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我下班回家的時(shí)候累極了,但半小時(shí)的小睡又使我振作起來。

動(dòng)詞辨析。revive(使)蘇醒,復(fù)活;release釋放;relieve緩解,減輕;recover康復(fù)。A項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesinthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthingsdependsontheexistenceofotherorganisms.Thisinterdependenceissometimessubtle,sometimesobvious.Perhapsthemoststraightforwarddependenceofonespeciesonanotheroccurswithparasites,organismsthatliveonorinotherlivingthingsandderivenutrientsdirectlyfromthem.Theparasiticwayoflifeiswidespread.Amultitudeofmicroorganisms(includingvirusesandbacteria)andanarmyofinvertebrates—orcreatureslackingaspinalcolumn(includingcrustaceans,insects,andmanydifferenttypesofworms)—maketheirlivingsdirectlyattheexpenseofothercreatures.Inthefaceofthisonslaught,livingthingshaveevolvedavarietyofdefensemechanismsforprotectingtheirbodiesfrominvasionbyotherorganisms.

Certainfungiandevensomekindsofbacteriasecretesubstancesknownasantibioticsintotheirenvironment.Thesesubstancesarecapableofkillingorinhibitingthegrowthofvariouskindsofbacteriathatalsooccupythearea,therebyeliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients.Thesameprincipleisusedindefenseagainstinvadersinothergroupsoforganisms.Forexample,whenattackedbydisease-causingfungiorbacteria,manykindsofplantsproducechemicalsthathelptowardofftheinvaders.

Membersoftheanimalkingdomhavedevelopedavarietyofdefensemechanismsfordealingwithparasites.Althoughthesemechanismsvaryconsiderably,allmajorgroupsofanimalsarecapableofdetectingandreactingtothepresenceof“foreign”cells.Infact,throughouttheanimalkingdom,fromspongestocertaintypesofworms,shellfish,andallvertebrates(creaturespossessingaspinalcolumn),thereisevidencethattransplantsofcellsorfragmentsoftissuesintoananimalareacceptedonlyiftheycomefromgeneticallycompatibleorcloselyrelatedindividuals.

Theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”,whilepresentinallanimals,isroostefficientamongvertebrates,whichhavedevelopedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism.Theimmunesystemrecognizesandtakesactionagainstforeigninvadersandtransplantedtissuesthataretreatedasforeigncells.

31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

32.Theword“intricate”inline1isclosestinmeaningto______.

33.Accordingtothepassage,someorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto______.

34.Accordingtothepassage,atransplantoftissuebetweengeneticallyincompatibleorganismswillresultinthetransplantedtissue______.

35.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”enablesvertebratesto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howparasitesreproduce.

B.Howorganismsreacttoinvaders.

C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.

D.Howtheimmunesystemofvertebratesdeveloped.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.difficult

B.widespread

C.critical

D.complex

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.preventdiseaseinhumans

B.aiddigestion

C.fightoffotherorganisms

D.createnewtypesofnutrients

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.becomingaparasite

B.beingtreatedasaninvader

C.alteringitsgeneticmakeup

D.developinganewimmunesystem

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.accepttransplantedcells

B.detectandreacttoinvasion

C.weakentheirimmunesystem

D.getridofantibiotics

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?31.這篇文章主要討論什么?

A.Howparasitesreproduce.A.寄生蟲如何繁殖。

B.Howorganismsreacttoinvaders.B.生物體如何對入侵者做出反應(yīng)。

C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.C.抗生素是如何治療疾病的。

D.Howtheimmunesystemofvertebratesdeveloped.D.脊椎動(dòng)物的免疫系統(tǒng)是如何發(fā)展的。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先,根據(jù)首段最后一句“生物進(jìn)化出了各種各樣的防御機(jī)制來保護(hù)自己的身體免受其他生物的入侵”,和末段第一句“區(qū)分‘自我’和‘非自我’的能力,雖然存在于所有動(dòng)物中,但在脊椎動(dòng)物中是非常有效的,它們已經(jīng)發(fā)展出一種免疫系統(tǒng)作為它們的防御機(jī)制”;從中可知文章首段和尾段討論的都是生物體的防御機(jī)制;然后看到文章行為結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu),開頭介紹引發(fā)生物進(jìn)化出防御機(jī)制的原因,后面三段分別討論這種防御機(jī)制的作用。綜上所述,可以得知這篇文章主要討論的是生物體如何對入侵者做出反應(yīng)。所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“寄生蟲如何繁殖”和D選項(xiàng)“脊椎動(dòng)物的免疫系統(tǒng)是如何發(fā)展的”屬于以偏概全;

C選項(xiàng)“抗生素是如何治療疾病的”沒提及,無中生有。

32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.Theword“intricate”inline1isclosestinmeaningto______.32.第一行中的“intricate”一詞的意思最接近______。

A.difficultA.困難的

B.widespreadB.廣泛的

C.criticalC.批判的

D.complexD.復(fù)雜的

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段第一句“在這個(gè)龐大而intricate的生物群落中(inthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthings),每個(gè)物種的生存都依賴于其他生物的存在”,由所修飾的assemblage(群落),以及并列的定語vast(龐大的)可推測,intricate應(yīng)該表示“復(fù)雜”的意思,所以D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“困難的”、B選項(xiàng)“廣泛的”和C選項(xiàng)“批判的”不符合原文意思,曲解原文。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.Accordingtothepassage,someorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto______.33.根據(jù)這篇文章,一些生物產(chǎn)生抗生素是為了______。

A.preventdiseaseinhumansA.預(yù)防人類疾病

B.aiddigestionB.有助消化

C.fightoffotherorganismsC.抵抗其他生物

D.createnewtypesofnutrientsD.創(chuàng)造新的營養(yǎng)類型

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位原文第二段前兩句“某些真菌,甚至是某些種類的細(xì)菌會(huì)向環(huán)境中分泌抗生素。這些物質(zhì)能夠殺死或抑制同樣占據(jù)該區(qū)域的各種細(xì)菌的生長,從而消除或減少對營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的競爭(eliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients)?!?,從中可知,一些生物產(chǎn)生抗生素是為了消除或減少其他生物對自身營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的競爭,故C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“預(yù)防人類疾病”、B選項(xiàng)“有助消化”和D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造新的營養(yǎng)類型”沒有提到,無中生有。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.Accordingtothepassage,atransplantoftissuebetweengeneticallyincompatibleorganismswillresultinthetransplantedtissue______.34.根據(jù)這篇文章,在基因不相容的生物體之間移植組織將導(dǎo)致移植的組織______。

A.becomingaparasiteA.成為寄生蟲

B.beingtreatedasaninvaderB.被視為入侵者

C.alteringitsgeneticmakeupC.改變其基因組成

D.developinganewimmunesystemD.發(fā)展出新的免疫系統(tǒng)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位第三段最后一句,文章對此有描述:“事實(shí)上,在整個(gè)動(dòng)物界,從海綿動(dòng)物到某些種類的蠕蟲、貝類和所有的脊椎動(dòng)物,只有來自基因相容或親緣關(guān)系密切的個(gè)體的細(xì)胞或組織碎片移植到動(dòng)物體內(nèi),才會(huì)被接受”,從中可知在基因不相容的生物體之間移植組織將導(dǎo)致移植的組織不被接受;而該段前面提到“動(dòng)物王國的成員已經(jīng)發(fā)展出了對付寄生蟲的各種防御機(jī)制。盡管這些機(jī)制差別很大,但所有主要的動(dòng)物群體都能夠檢測到外來細(xì)胞的存在并做出反應(yīng)。”,綜合理解可推斷,不相容的組織會(huì)被認(rèn)為是外來入侵細(xì)胞,使得生物體對該組織做出防御機(jī)制。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“成為寄生蟲”表述錯(cuò)誤,不是成為寄生蟲,而是會(huì)被生物體視為寄生蟲一樣的外來組織,該項(xiàng)曲解原文;

C選項(xiàng)“改變其基因組成”和D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展出新的免疫系統(tǒng)”沒提到,無中生有。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”enablesvertebratesto______.35.根據(jù)這篇文章,區(qū)分“自我”和“非自我”的能力使脊椎動(dòng)物能夠______。

A.accepttransplantedcellsA.接受移植的細(xì)胞

B.detectandreacttoinvasionB.檢測并應(yīng)對入侵

C.weakentheirimmunesystemC.削弱它們的免疫系統(tǒng)

D.getridofantibioticsD.擺脫抗生素

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段的內(nèi)容:區(qū)分“自我”和“非自我”的能力,雖然存在于所有動(dòng)物中,但在脊椎動(dòng)物中是非常有效的,它們已經(jīng)發(fā)展出一種免疫系統(tǒng)作為它們的防御機(jī)制(developedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism)。免疫系統(tǒng)會(huì)識(shí)別被視為外來細(xì)胞的移植組織和外來入侵者并采取行動(dòng)(recognizesandtakesaction)。從中可知,區(qū)分“自我”和“非自我”的能力能夠使脊椎動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生一種免疫系統(tǒng),而這種免疫系統(tǒng)能夠識(shí)別并對入侵者采取防御措施。這與B項(xiàng)“檢測并應(yīng)對入侵”意思相一致,故B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“接受移植的細(xì)胞”與原文相反,免疫系統(tǒng)先會(huì)對移植組織進(jìn)行識(shí)別,該項(xiàng)反向干擾;

C選項(xiàng)“削弱他們的免疫系統(tǒng)”和D選項(xiàng)“擺脫抗生素”沒提到,無中生有。

11.單選題

ThelargestmeteoriteondisplayisintheAmericanMuseuminNewYorkCity()over34tons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anditweighs

B.itweighs

C.itsweightis

D.whichitweighs

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。分析題干可知,前面句子已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞is,而選項(xiàng)中均有謂語動(dòng)詞weigh,因此前后謂語所在的句子之間需要用并列連詞and連接,故選A項(xiàng)。句意:最大的隕石在紐約的美國博物館展出,重量超過34噸。

12.單選題

Sincethetwocountriescouldn’t________theirdifferences,theydecidedtostoptheirnegotiations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rectify

B.oblige

C.reconcile

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。rectify“改正”;oblige“迫使,義務(wù)”;reconcile“使協(xié)調(diào),使一致”;obscure“模糊不清,掩蓋”。句意:因?yàn)閮蓢鵁o法協(xié)調(diào)分歧,他們決定停止談判。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirstforittakes()overalltheotherissues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precedence

B.prosperity

C.presumption

D.probability

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)precedence“優(yōu)先,居先”;B選項(xiàng)prosperity“繁榮,成功”;C選項(xiàng)presumption“放肆,傲慢”;D選項(xiàng)probability“可能性,機(jī)率”。句意:這個(gè)問題應(yīng)該()討論,因?yàn)樗绕渌麊栴}都重要。本句表示的是“這個(gè)問題應(yīng)該優(yōu)先討論”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Conversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningandbeingtalkedto()ithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforitself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.which

C.that

D.what

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。so…that…如此……以至于……。句意:在一個(gè)人們花很多時(shí)間傾聽和與他人交談的社會(huì)中,以至于已經(jīng)失去了為自身說話的意愿和技巧,這時(shí)會(huì)話的力量就變?nèi)趿恕_x項(xiàng)C符合句意,所以正確。

15.單選題

Accordingtozoologists,animalpopulationsatagiventimeare()byfoodsuppliesatthattime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.governed

B.sustained

C.restricted

D.manipulated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)governed“管理,統(tǒng)治”;B選項(xiàng)sustained“維持,持續(xù)”;C選項(xiàng)restricted“限制”;D選項(xiàng)manipulated“被操控的”。句意:根據(jù)動(dòng)物學(xué)家的說法,特定時(shí)間內(nèi)的動(dòng)物數(shù)量是由當(dāng)時(shí)的食物供應(yīng)()的。這里表示的意思是“這些食物決定了這里可以維持的動(dòng)物的數(shù)量”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Hisstomachbeganto()becauseofthebadfoodhehadeaten.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pain

B.harm

C.behurt

D.ache

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)pain“疼痛,痛苦”;B選項(xiàng)harm“傷害,損害”;C選項(xiàng)behurt“受傷”;D選項(xiàng)ache“(身體某個(gè)部位)疼痛”。句意:因?yàn)槌粤俗冑|(zhì)的食物,他的胃開始疼了。表示身體某個(gè)部分疼痛用ache,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

17.單選題

Chinesejournalfinds31%ofsubmissionsplagiarized

SinceOctober2008,wehavedetectedunoriginalmaterialinastaggering31%ofpaperssubmittedtotheJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science(692of2,233submissions).Thepublication,designatedasakeyacademicjournalbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina,wasthefirstinChinatosignupforCrossRef’splagiarism-screeningserviceCrossCheck(Nature466,167;2010).

Wearethereforecampaigningforauthors,researchersandeditorstobeonthealertforplagiarismandtoworkagainstculturalmisunderstandings.InancientChina,forexample,studentsweretypicallyencouragedtocopythewordsoftheirmasters.

Tothisend,wehavegivenlecturesandwrittenthreepapers(includingY,H.ZhangLearn.Publ.23,9-14;2010)thathavebeenwidelypublicizedinChina’smedia(see/dPey7X;inChinese)andreportedinCrossRef’squarterlyonlinenewsmagazine(see/icUwvh).OurwebsitedisplaystheCrossChecklogotoremindauthorsoftheirresponsibilities.

OtherChinesejournalsarealsopolicingplagiarism,usingsoftwarelaunchedin2008byChina’sAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouseandTongfangKnowledgeNetworkTechnologyinBeijing.

YuehongZhangJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science,38ZhedaRoad,Hangzhou310027,Chinae-mail:jzus@32.WhatisthemainpurposeofthiscorrespondencefromZhang?

33.WhichofthefollowingstrategyisnotutilizedbyJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science?

34.AuthorsofJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Sciencecangettobewareoftheirresponsibilitiesthrough______.

35.Itcanbefoundthatlocalsoftwarewaslaunchedin2008byChinesecompanies,butCrossCheckwasdevelopedby______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.SurprisinglyhighrateofplagiarisminChinesesubmissions.

B.EffortsofZhangandherjournalinfightingagainstplagiarism.

C.UseofCrossCheck.

D.UseofsoftwaredevelopedbytwoChinesecompanies.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.SigninguptheserviceofCrossCheckinscreeningplagiarism.

B.Alertingauthorsagainstculturalmisunderstanding.

C.Givinglecturesandwritingpapers.

D.Encouragingstudentstocopythewordsoftheirmasters.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theCrossChecklogoonthejournal’swebsite

B.theuseofChinesesoftwarelaunchedin2008

C.watchingthepedagogicvideoonthejournal’swebsite

D.nothingelseexceptforlecturesandpapers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.China’sAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouse

B.TongfangKnowledgeNetworkTechnology

C.JournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science

D.CrossRef

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.WhatisthemainpurposeofthiscorrespondencefromZhang?32.這封來自張的信的主要目的是什么?

A.SurprisinglyhighrateofplagiarisminChinesesubmissions.A.中國投稿的剽竊率高得驚人。

B.EffortsofZhangandherjournalinfightingagainstplagiarism.B.張和她的期刊在打擊剽竊方面所做的努力。

C.UseofCrossCheck.C.使用CrossCheck。

D.UseofsoftwaredevelopedbytwoChinesecompanies.D.使用兩家中國公司開發(fā)的軟件。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段就引入了話題,即論文剽竊率高達(dá)31%,第二段和第三段是作者對于打擊剽竊方面同她所在期刊所做的一些努力,如第二段第一句“因此,我們呼吁作者、研究人員和編輯提高對剽竊的警惕,并努力消除文化誤解”和第三段第一句“為此,我們進(jìn)行了講座,并撰寫了三篇論文,這些論文在中國媒體上得到了廣泛的宣傳”,最后一段敘述其他中國期刊的努力;綜合理解,我們可知這篇文章的目的是為了闡述作者和她的期刊所做的努力,B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C、D選項(xiàng)都只是其中的一小部分,屬于以偏概全。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.WhichofthefollowingstrategyisnotutilizedbyJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science?

33.《浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)—自然科學(xué)版》沒有采用以下哪一種策略?

A.SigninguptheserviceofCrossCheckinscreeningplagiarism.A.簽署CrossCheck服務(wù),甄別剽竊。

B.Alertingauthorsagainstculturalmisunderstanding.B.提醒作者注意文化誤解。

C.Givinglecturesandwritingpapers.C.講課和寫論文。

D.Encouragingstudentstocopythewordsoftheirmasters.D.鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生模仿老師的話。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位文章第二段“因此,我們呼吁作者、研究人員和編輯提高對剽竊的警惕,并努力消除文化誤解。例如,在古代中國,學(xué)生通常被鼓勵(lì)抄襲老師的話。(studentsweretypicallyencouragedtocopythewordsoftheirmasters)”,可知,《浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)—自然科學(xué)版》并不鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生抄襲老師的話,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第一段最后一句“該出版物是國家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)學(xué)術(shù)期刊,也是國內(nèi)第一個(gè)注冊CrossRef的剽竊篩選服務(wù)”,可知該項(xiàng)符合原文;

B選項(xiàng)定位第二段第一句可知,該項(xiàng)正確;

C選項(xiàng)定位第三段第一句“為此,我們進(jìn)行了講座,并撰寫了三篇論文(givenlecturesandwrittenthreepapers),這些論文在中國媒體上得到了廣泛的宣傳”,可知,該項(xiàng)也正確。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.AuthorsofJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Sciencecangettobewareoftheirresponsibilitiesthrough______.34.《浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)—自然科學(xué)版》的作者可以通過______意識(shí)自己的責(zé)任。

A.theCrossChecklogoonthejournal’swebsiteA.該雜志網(wǎng)站上的CrossCheck標(biāo)志

B.theuseofChinesesoftwarelaunchedin2008B.2008年開始使用中國軟件

C.watchingthepedagogicvideoonthejournal’swebsiteC.在雜志網(wǎng)站上觀看教學(xué)視頻

D.nothingelseexceptforlecturesandpapersD.講座和論文

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段最后一句“我們的網(wǎng)站顯示了CrossCheck標(biāo)志,以提醒作者他們的責(zé)任(remindauthorsoftheirresponsibilities)”,可知CrossCheck標(biāo)志會(huì)提醒作者他們的責(zé)任,A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)與題干無關(guān),屬于出處錯(cuò)位;

C選項(xiàng)沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ectures和papers的目的是為了呼吁作者提高對剽竊的警惕并努力消除文化誤解,并不是提醒他們自己的責(zé)任,該項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.Itcanbefoundthatlocalsoftwarewaslaunchedin2008byChinesecompanies,butCrossCheckwasdevelopedby______.35.可以發(fā)現(xiàn),2008年中國企業(yè)推出了本地軟件,而CrossCheck是由______開發(fā)的。

A.China’sAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouseA.中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊電子出版社

B.TongfangKnowledgeNetworkTechnologyB.同方知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)

C.JournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science

C.浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)—自然科學(xué)版

D.CrossRefD.CrossRef

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位第一段最后一句“該出版物是國家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)學(xué)術(shù)期刊,也是國內(nèi)第一個(gè)注冊CrossRef的剽竊篩選CrossCheck服務(wù)的刊物”,可知D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B選項(xiàng)定位最后一段“其他中國期刊也在使用2008年由中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊電子出版社和北京同方知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)公司推出的軟件來監(jiān)管剽竊行為”可知,中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊電子出版社和北京同方知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)公司推出的是本地軟件,題干問的是CrossCheck,屬于出處錯(cuò)位;

C選項(xiàng)只是與CrossCheck簽約,并不代表是它開發(fā)的,屬于曲解原文。

18.單選題

Ifyoureinstateold-fashionedvaluesaboutmoneyandwork,youcangiveyourchildrenapreciousgift:thekeytoself-sufficiency.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolve

B.resort

C.redress

D.restore

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)resolve“決定;溶解;決心要做……”;B選項(xiàng)resort“求助;訴諸;采取某手段或方法(其一般需后接介詞to)”;C選項(xiàng)redress“救濟(jì);賠償;糾正”;D選項(xiàng)restore“恢復(fù);修復(fù);歸還”。句意:如果你……舊式的金錢和工作價(jià)值觀,你可以給你的孩子一份珍貴的禮物:自給自足的鑰匙。根據(jù)后面的賓語old-fashionedvalues“老式的價(jià)值觀”,If引導(dǎo)的虛擬句,根據(jù)后面的結(jié)果來看能夠給孩子一份珍貴的禮物,保證自給自足。由此可知,這一舊式的金錢和工作價(jià)值觀是可取的。所以需要將過時(shí)的事物重新拾起,進(jìn)行運(yùn)用。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Thenationalityoftheminoritygroupsinthatcountryisstill().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlarge

B.atissue

C.atrisk

D.atleisure

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。atlarge“詳盡的”;atissue“爭議中的”;atrisk“處于危險(xiǎn)中”;atleisure“從容地”。句意:在那個(gè)國家,少數(shù)民族的國籍問題仍然______。根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

20.單選題

In2004andagainin2006,womentoldpollstersthattheconcernsthatmotivatedthemtodecidewhetherandforwhomtovotewerecenteredonnontraditional“Women’sissues”.Womenarenotsingle-issuevoters,either.(1)Inreality,women’svotingpatternsindicatequitetheopposite.

Womenarenotmonolithicintheirattitudesabout,orvoteswithin,thepoliticalsystem.(2).Intheend,womenvotersaskthemselvestwocorequestionswhendecidingwhomtosupportforpresident:“DoIlikethatperson?”and“Isthatpersonlikeme?”Thefirstquestionistheclassic“l(fā)ivingroom”test.Thesecondisamorecomplexinquirythatprobeswhetherwomenbelieveacandidatecarsabout,values,confronts,andfeatshesamethingstheydo.

Partyloyaltytrumpsgender,asindicatedbyaJuly2007Newsweeksurvey,whichfoundthat88percentofmenand85percentofwomensaythatiftheirpartynominatedawomancandidatethattheywouldvoteforherifshewerequalifiedforthejob.(3):Only60percentofmenand56percentofwomenbelievethatthecountryisreadyforawomanpresident.Withregardtorace,votersarelesshesitanttovoteforaqualifiedAfrican-Americancandidateoftheirparty,as92percentofwhitesand93percentofnonwhitessaythattheywouldendorsesuchacandidate.(4):Only59percentofwhitevotersand58percentofnonwhitevotersbelievethatthecountrywouldelectablackpresident.

Whereasthecontestforpresidentisthemostwide-openindecades,onethingiscertain:(5).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themedia’sfocusonthecontentiousonesmakesitseemasifwomenonlycareaboutoneissueonElectionDayandthatittakesspecialattentiontothatissuetocompelwomentovote

B.Traditionally,womenarethoughttogravitatemoretowardthe“SHE”clusterofissues,SocialSecurity,healthcare,andeducation,whilemenareconsideredmoreinterestedinthe“WE”issues,warandtheeconomy

C.Likegender,fewervotersdoubtthatthecountryisreadyforanAfrican-Americanpresident

D.Americansexpresslessenthusiasm,however,aboutthe“femalefactor”,whenitcomestohowtheyjudgetheirfellowcitizens

E.Women,astheyhavesince1980,willbeamajorityoftheelectoratethatdecideswhonextoccupiestheOvalOffice

F.Whenitcomestovoting,onewomanmightvoteforallDemocrats,anothermightvotestraight-ticketRepublican,whileathirdmighttakethesalad-barapproachtodecidehervote

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Themedia’sfocusonthecontentiousonesmakesitseemasifwomenonlycareaboutoneissueonElectionDayandthatittakesspecialattentiontothatissuetocompelwomentovote

B.Traditionally,womenarethoughttogravitatemoretowardthe“SHE”clusterofissues,SocialSecurity,healthcare,andeducation,whilemenareconsideredmoreinterestedinthe“WE”issues,warandtheeconomy

C.Likegender,fewervotersdoubtthatthecountryisreadyforanAfrican-Americanpresident

D.Americansexpresslessenthusiasm,however,aboutthe“femalefactor”,whenitcomestohowtheyjudgetheirfellowcitizens

E.Women,astheyhavesince1980,willbeamajorityoftheelectoratethatdecideswhonextoccupiestheOvalOffice

F.Whenitcomestovoting,onewomanmightvoteforallDemocrats,anothermightvotestraight-ticketRepublican,whileathirdmighttakethesalad-barapproachtodecidehervote

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Themedia’sfocusonthecontentiousonesmakesitseemasifwomenonlycareaboutoneissueonElectionDayandthatittakesspecialattentiontothatissuetocompelwomentovote

B.Traditionally,womenarethoughttogravitatemoretowardthe“SHE”clusterofissues,SocialSecurity,healthcare,andeducation,whilemenareconsideredmoreinterestedinthe“WE”issues,warandtheeconomy

C.Likegender,fewervotersdoubtthatthecountryisreadyforanAfrican-Americanpresident

D.Americansexpresslessenthusiasm,however,aboutthe“femalefactor”,whenitcomestohowtheyjudgetheirfellowcitizens

E.Women,astheyhavesince1980,willbeamajorityoftheelectoratethatdecideswhonextoccupiestheOvalOffice

F.Whenitcomestovoting,onewomanmightvoteforallDemocrats,anothermightvotestraight-ticketRepublican,whileathirdmighttakethesalad-barapproachtodecidehervote

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Themedia’sfocusonthecontentiousonesmakesitseemasifwomenonlycareaboutoneissueonElectionDayandthatittakesspe

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