車輛工程IIIntroduction專題知識

鐵道與城市軌道交通學(xué)院八月十八日

車輛工程II

－軌道車輛設(shè)計理論

第1頁

VehicleEngineeringII

-RailwayVehicleDesignTheoryRailwayandUrbanMassTransitResearchInstitute第2頁IntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicle

inter-cityvehicle,ormainlinevehiclehighspeedvehiclemetrovehiclelightrailvehiclemonorailvehiclemaglevvehicleintelligenttransportationvehicleByFengming2023TongjiUniversity第3頁IntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicleICE:第4頁IntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicleTGV:第5頁IntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicle500系：第6頁IntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicleX2023:第7頁IntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicleTR06第8頁IntroductionDegrees-offreedom:-1bodywith5dofs=52bogieswith5dofs=104wheelsetswith2dofs=8Total=26,i.e.52states第9頁Introduction第10頁IntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicleDesign1825~1960s,EmpiricalDesignPeriod1960~1990s,AnalyticalDesignPeriod1990~current,“Mehchatronic”DesignPeriod第11頁IntroductionEmpiricalDesignTalentGeniusexperienceprototypeimproveVeryslow第12頁IntroductionAnalyticalDesignConceptDesignSchematicDesignPPDesignPrototypeRunningExperimentCustomerScientist,Researcher第13頁IntroductionAnalyticalDesign

ConceptDesign:principledesignSchematicDesignorTechnicalDesign（技術(shù)設(shè)計）：includingKinetics,Dynamicsanalysis,toEvaluatetheridequality,runningsafety,brakingability;PPdesign(施工設(shè)計)：CAD,CAM,CAE(mainlyincludingthepartsstrengthanalysis,usingFEMtechnology);Prototype:Testrigrunningtest,On-linetestevaluation;RunningTest:0.5millionKilometersrunningtest,Fatiguelifetest;Customers:Evaluationfromthepointviewofcustomers;

第14頁IntroductionMechatronicDesignMechanicalsystemTrackinputsVehicleoutputs(acceleration,displacement,etc)Monitoringsystem(sensors)ElectroniccontrollerActuatorsystemControlforcesDrivesignals第15頁IntroductionMechatronicDesignActuatorsSensorsControllerLoadchangesBodyacceleration(minimise)Suspensiondeflection(constrain)Stability(constrain)Curvingperformance(optimise)VehiclesystemTrackfeatures(deterministic)Trackirregularities(stochastic)第16頁IntroductionMechatronicDesign第17頁IntroductionMechatronicDesign第18頁IntroductionContentsofthislesson

1.VehicleDynamics:BasicdynamicprinciplesSafetycriterionRideQuality2.StrengthAnalysisofRailwayVehicleParts:Forcesactedonparts,carbody,bogieFEManalysismethod,includingconstraints,forcesapplying,elementselection,meshingtechnique,etc.

第19頁PartI:VehicleSystemDynamicsIntroductionDamperSecondary

suspensionPrimarysuspension第20頁PartI:VehicleSystemDynamicsIntroductionSecondary

suspensionPrimarysuspension第21頁PartI:VehicleSystemDynamicsIntroductionBogies第22頁PartI:VehicleSystemDynamicsIntroductionConed

wheelFlangeRailSleeperSolidaxle第23頁PartI:VehicleSystemDynamics§1CausesofVehicleVibrationRelatedtotrack1.Dippedjointsofrails

第24頁§1CausesofVehicleVibration2.TrackVerticalDeflection第25頁§1CausesofVehicleVibration3.TracklocalirregularitylateralcurvatureverticalcurvaturesuperelevationswitchrailcorrugationrailwearBallastirregularity(causedbytemperaturevariation)

第26頁§1CausesofVehicleVibration4.TrackRandomirregularityGage:(yl-yr)/2Crosslevel:(zl-zr)/2alignment:(yl+yr)/2VerticalProfile:(zl+zr)/2第27頁§1CausesofVehicleVibration4.TrackRandomirregularity第28頁§1CausesofVehicleVibration4.TrackRandomirregularityGage:

nominalgauge1435mm，,gaugewillbewidenedaccordingcurveradius（<600m）,butshouldnotbegreater6mmthenthenominalvalue,and2mmlessthenthatvalue；Crosslevel:

在正線及到發(fā)線上，不得超過4mm，其他線上不得超過6mm；

alignment:

用10m弦線測量，正線不得超過4mm，站線及專用線不得超過6mm；VerticalProfile:

大修后旳線路，用10m弦線測量，正線不得超過4mm，站線及專用線不得超過6mm；第29頁§1CausesofVehicleVibrationRelatedtoVehicleEccentricWheelMassNon-uniformofWheelFlatWheelHuntingofTaperedWheelset第30頁CausesRelatedtoVehicle

Eccentricwheel

verticalmovementofwheelsetaxlecenter:

V-vehiclerunningspeedr0–wheelnominalradiusT–timeelapsedW–wheelangularvelocity第31頁CausesRelatedtoVehicleMassnon-uniformUnbalancedforceproduced:Mw–wheelweight

θt–initialphaseanglev-vehiclerunningspeedr0–wheelnominalradiust–timeelapsedWhenrunningspeed>120Km/h,unbalancedvalueshouldbelessthen75g.m.

第32頁CausesRelatedtoVehicleFlatwheel

Whenwheelhasflatarea,momentumactedonwheel:Mw–wheelweight

V-vehiclerunningspeedItsperiodicaltime:第33頁CausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetLateraldeflectionyYawangle第34頁CausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetConed

wheelFlangeRailSleeperSolidaxle第35頁CausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetDirectionoftravel第36頁CausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelset當(dāng)分析自由輪對旳蛇行運動時，作如下假設(shè)：1、輪對無任何約束，單獨在軌道上滾動；2、鋼軌頂部呈刀刃狀，并且是兩根平行直線；3、輪對是兩個對稱錐體，輪軌間無任何相對滑動；4、不計輪對上旳任何作用力和慣性力；則通過推導(dǎo)，輪對旳運動方程為：第37頁CausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetwhere：V–Runningspeed;W-angularfrequency:b–halfofwheelsetnominalrollingradiusdistancer0–nominalrollingradius

λ0–effectivewheelconicity

第38頁CausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetHuntingperiodicaltime:Huntingwavelength:

asbincreases,Lwincreases,soweakeristhehuntingThesametor0whenλ0increases,Lwdecreases,sostrongeristhehunting第39頁CausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetDirectionoftravel第40頁CausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetThewheelsaremadeconical,thesmallercircumferenceattheouteredge.Thepairofwheelsarefixedtotheaxleandthusifanythingthrowsthewheelsintheslightestdegreetoonesidethewheelisimmediatelyrollingonalargercircumferencethantheotherandthetendencytorollbackisintroduced.Thecarriageiskeptalwaysinthemiddleofthetrack.Abeautifularrangement.Theflangesareanecessaryprecautionbuttheyoughtnevertotouchtherailandthereforetheycannotbesaidtokeepthewheelsontherails.Theyoughtnottocomeintoactionexcepttomeetanaccidental,lateralforce.IsambardKingdomBrunel–in1838:第41頁CausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetGeorgeStephenson–in1821:Itmustunderstoodtheformofedgerailwaywheelsareconicalthatistheouterisratherlessthantheinnerdiameterabout3/16ofaninch.Thenfromasmallirregularityoftherailwaythewheelsmaybethrownalittletotherightoralittletotheleft,whentheformerhappenstherightwheelwillexposealargeandtheleftonesmallerdiametertothebearingsurfaceoftherailwhichwillcausethelattertoloosegroundoftheformerbutatt