2019英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題(第2套)

2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題(第2套)Writing(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofmutualunderstandingandrespectininterpersonalrelationships.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.ListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Asix-month-longnegotiation.Preparationsfortheparty.Aprojectwithatroublesomeclient.Giftwrappingforthecolleagues.A)Takeweddingphotos.Advertisehercompany.Startasmallbusiness.Throwacelebrationparty.A)Hesitant.Nervous.Flattered.Surprised.A)Startherownbakery.Improveherbakingskill.Sharehercookingexperience.Prepareforthewedding.Questions5to8arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Theyhavetospendmoretimestudying.Theyhavetoparticipateinclubactivities.Theyhavetobemoreresponsibleforwhattheydo.Theyhavetochooseaspecificacademicdiscipline.A)Getreadyforacareer.Makealotoffriends.Setalong-termgoal.Behavelikeadults.A)Thosewhoshareheracademicinterests.Thosewhorespectherstudentcommitments.Thosewhocanhelpherwhensheisinneed.Thosewhogotothesameclubsasshedoes.A)Thosehelpfulfortappingtheirpotential.B)Thoseconducivetoimprovingtheirsocialskills.C)Thosehelpfulforcultivatingindividualinterests.D)Thoseconducivetotheiracademicstudies.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Theybreakawayfromtraditionalwaysofthinking.Theyarepreparedtoworkharderthananyoneelse.Theyaregoodatrefiningoldformulas.Theybringtheirpotentialintofullplay.A)Theycontributedtothepopularityofskiingworldwide.Theyresultedinabrandnewstyleofskiingtechniques.Theypromotedthescientificuseofskiingpoles.Theymadeexplosivenewsinthesportsworld.A)Hewasrecognizedasageniusintheworldofsports.B)Hecompetedinallmajorskiingeventsintheworld.C)HewonthreegoldmedalsinoneWinterOlympics.D)Hebrokethreeworldskiingrecordsinthreeyears.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theyappearrestless.Theyloseconsciousness.Theybecomeupset.Theydiealmostinstantly.A)Ithasaninstanteffectonyourbodychemistry.B)Itkeepsreturningtoyoueverynowandthen.C)Itleavesyouwithalonglastingimpression.D)Itcontributestotheshapingofyoumind.A)Tosucceedwhilefeelingirritated.Tofeelhappywithoutgoodhealth.Tobefreefromfrustrationandfailure.Toenjoygoodhealthwhileindarkmoods.A)Theyarecloselyconnected.Theyfunctioninasimilarway.Theyaretoocomplextounderstand.Theyreinforceeachotherconstantly.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Theydifferintheirappreciationofmusic.Theyfocustheirattentionondifferentthings.Theyfingerthepianokeysindifferentways.Theychoosedifferentpiecesofmusictoplay.A)Theymanagetocooperatewellwiththeirteammates.Theyuseeffectivetacticstodefeattheircompetitors.Theytryhardtomeetthespectators’expectations.Theyattachgreatimportancetohighperformance.A)Itmarksabreakthroughinbehavioralscience.Itadoptsaconventionalapproachtoresearch.Itsupportsapieceofconventionalwisdom.Itgivesrisetocontroversyamongexperts.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)People’senvyofslimmodels.People’scrazeforgoodhealth.Theincreasingrangeoffancyproducts.Thegreatvarietyofslimmingproducts.A)Theyappearvigorous.B)Theyappearstrange.C)Theylookcharming.D)Theylookunhealthy.21.A)Cultureandupbringing.B)Wealthandsocialstatus.C)Peerpressure.D)Mediainfluence.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Therelationbetweenhairandskin.B)Thegrowinginterestinskinstudies.C)Thecolorofhumanskin.D)Theneedofskinprotection.A)Thenecessitytosaveenergy.Adaptationtothehotenvironment.C)Theneedtobreathewithease.D)Dramaticclimatechangesonearth.A)Leavesandgrass.B)Man-madeshelter.C)Theirskincoloring.D)Hairontheirskin.25.A)Theirgeneticmakeupbegantochange.B)Theircommunitiesbegantogrowsteadily.C)Theirchildrenbegantomixwitheachother.D)Theirpaceofevolutionbegantoquicken.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thedreamofpersonalisedflightisstillvividinthemindsofmanyinventors,somedevelopingcycle-poweredcraft,others26moneyintojetpacks(噴氣飛行背包).However,theflyingcarhasalwaysremainedthe27symbolofpersonaltransportfreedom.Severalcompaniesaroundtheworldhaveproduced28thatcandriveonroadsandfly.Airbushasafuturisticmodular(組件式的)conceptinvolvingapassengercapsulethatcanbe29fromtheroad-goingchassis(底盤(pán))andpickedupbyahelicopter-typemachine.Butalltheseconceptsaremassivelyexpensive,requiresafetycertificationstandardsforroadandair,need30controls,involvecomplexfoldingwingsandpropellers,andhavetobeflownfromair-strips.Sotheyarelikelytoremainrichpeople’splaythingsratherthanpracticaltransportsolutionsforthemasses.“AcarthattakesofffromsomeLondonstreetandlandsinanother31streetisunlikelytohappen,”saysProf.Gray,aleadingaeronauticalengineer.“Skytaxisaremuchmorelikely.”Butthatwon’tstopinventorsfromdreamingupnewwaystoflyandtryingtopersuadeinvestorstobacktheirsometimes32schemes.Civilianaviationisbeingdisrupted,notbytheage-olddesiresforspeed,romanticismand

33,butbythepressingneedtorespondtoachangingclimate.Newelectricenginescoupledwithartificialintelligenceand34systemswillcontributetoamoreefficient,integratedtransportsystemthatislesspollutingandlessnoisy.Thatmaysoundsimple,butasProf.Graysays,“WhenItravelsomewhereIlikethisnotionthatwhenIfinishmyjourneyIfeelbetterthanwhenIstartedit.That’scompletelyat35withhowIfeeltoday.”Nowthatwouldbeprogress.autonomousdetachedautonomousdetacheddualglamourimminentoddsoppositesoutrageousSectionBpouringj)prototypesrandomrepressingM)segmentedN)spectrumO)ultimateDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CompaniesAreWorkingwithConsumerstoReduceWasteAsconsumers,weareverywasteful.Annually,theworldgenerates1.3billiontonsofsolidwaste.Thisisexpectedtogoupto2.2billionby2025.Thedevelopedcountriesareresponsiblefor44%ofwaste,andintheU.S.alone,theaveragepersonthrowsawaytheirbodyweightinrubbisheverymonth.Conventionalwisdomwouldseemtosuggestthatcompanieshavenoincentivetolengthenthelifecycleoftheirproductsandreducetherevenuetheywouldgetfromsellingnewgoods.Yet,moreandmorebusinessesarethinkingabouthowtoreduceconsumerwaste.Thisispartlydrivenbytherisingpriceofrawmaterialsandmetals.Itisalsopartlyduetobothconsumersandcompaniesbecomingmoreawareoftheneedtoprotectourenvironment.Whenchoosingwhatproductstobuyandwhichbrandstobuyfrom,moreandmoreconsumersarelookingintosustainability.Thisisopposedtojustpriceandperformancetheywereconcernedaboutinthepast.Inasurveyof54oftheworld’sleadingbrands,almostallofthemreportedthatconsumersareshowingincreasingcareaboutsustainablelifestyles.Atthesametime,surveysonconsumersintheU.S.andtheU.K.showthattheyalsocareaboutminimizingenergyuseandreducingwaste.Forthemostpart,consumerscontrolwhathappenstoaproduct.Butsomecompaniesarerealizingthatplacingtheburdenofrecyclingentirelyontheconsumerisnotaneffectivestrategy,especiallywhentossingsomethingawayseemsliketheeasiestandmostconvenientoption.Someretailersandmanufacturersintheclothing,footwear,andelectronicsindustrieshavelaunchedenvironmentalprograms.Theywanttomaketheircustomersinterestedinpreservingtheirproductsandpreventingthingsthatstillhavevaluefromgoingtothegarbagedump.Byofferingservicestohelpexpandthelongevityoftheirproducts,they’repromisingqualityanddurabilitytoconsumers,andreceivingthereputationalgainsforbeingenvironmentallyfriendly.Forexample,theSwedishjeanscompanyNudieJeansoffersfreerepairattwentyoftheirshops.Insteadofdiscardingtheiroldworn-outjeans,customersbringthemintoberenewed.Thecompanyevenprovidesmail-orderrepairkitsandonlinevideos,sothatcustomerscanlearnhowtofixapairofjeansathome.Theirphilosophyisthatextendingthelifeofapairofjeansisnotonlygreatfortheenvironment,butallowstheconsumertogetmorevalueoutoftheirproduct.Whencustomersdowanttotosstheirpair,theycangivethembacktothestore,whichwillrepurposeandresellthem.Anotherclothingcompany,Patagonia,ahigh-endoutdoorclothingstore,followsthesameprinciple.IthaspartneredwithDIYwebsiteiFixittoteachconsumershowtorepairtheirclothing,suchaswaterproofouterwear,athome.Thecompanyalsooffersarepairprogramfortheircustomersforamodestfee.Currently,Patagoniarepairsabout40,000garmentsayearintheirReno,Nevada,servicecenter.Accordingtothecompany’sCEO,RoseMarcario,thisisaboutbuildingacompanythatcaresabouttheenvironment.Atthesametime,offeringrepairsupportstheperceivedqualityofitsproducts.InBrazil,themultinationalcorporationAdidashasbeenrunningashoe-recyclingprogramcalled“SustainableFootprint”since2012.CustomerscanbringshoesofanybrandintoanAdidasstoretobeshreddedandturnedintoalternativefuelsforenergycreationinsteadofbeingburnedastrash.Theyareusedtofuelcementovens.Tomotivatevisitorstobringinmoreoldshoes,AdidasBrazilpromotestheprograminstoresbyshowingvideostoeducatecustomers,anditevenoffersadiscounteachtimeacustomerbringsinanoldpairofshoes.ThisbooststhereputationandimageofAdidasbymakingpeoplemoreawareofthecompany’svalues.Enormousopportunitiesalsoliewithe-waste.Itisestimatedthatin2014theworldproducedsome42millionmetrictonsofe-waste(discardedelectricalandelectronicequipmentanditsparts)withNorthAmericaandEuropeaccountingfor8and12millionmetrictonsrespectively.Thematerialsfrome-wasteincludeiron,copper,gold,silver,andaluminummaterialsthatcouldbereused,resold,salvaged,orrecycled.Together,thevalueofthesemetalsisestimatedtobeabout$52billion.ElectronicsgiantslikeBestBuyandSamsunghaveprovidede-wastetake-backprogramsoverthepastfewyears,whichaimtorefurbish(翻新)oldelectroniccomponentsandpartsintonewproducts.Forothercompaniesinterestedinreducingwaste,helpingtheenvironment,andprovidingthesustainablelifestylesthatconsumersseek,herearesomefirststepsforbuildingarelationshipwithcustomersthatfocusesonrecyclingandrestoringvaluetoproducts:Findpartners.Ifyouareamanufacturerwhoreliesonoutsidedistributors,thenretailersaretheidealpartnerforcollectingoldproducts.PowertoolmakerDeWaltpartnerswithcompanies,suchasLowesandNapaAutoParts,tocollectoldtoolsattheirstoresforrecycling.Thepartnershipbenefitsbothsidesbyallowingunconventionalpartners(forexample,twocompaniesfromtwodifferentindustries)toworktogetheronaspecificaspectofthevaluechain,like,inthisexample,anenginefirmwithanaccessoryone.Createincentives.Environmentalconscientiousnessisn’talwaysenoughtomakecustomersrecycleoldgoods.Forinstance,DeWaltdiscoveredthatmanycontractorswereholdingontotheiroldtools,eveniftheynolongerworked,becausetheywereexpensivepurchasesanditwashardtojustifybringingthemintorecycle.Byofferinginstantdiscountsworthasmuchas$100,DeWaltlaunchedatrade-inprogramtoencouragepeopletobringbacktools.Asaresult,DeWaltnowreusesthosematerialstocreatenewproducts.Startwithatrialprogram,andexpecttochangethedetailsasyougo.Anytake-backprogramwilllikelychangeovertime,dependingonwhatworksforyourcustomersandcompanygoals.Maybeyouseelowcustomerparticipationatfirst,orconversely,somuchsuccessthatthecostofrecyclingbecomestoohigh.BestBuy,forinstance,hasbeenbearingthelion’sshareofe-wastevolumesincetwoofitslargestcompetitors,AmazonandWal-mart,donothavetheirownrecyclingprograms.Sincethelaunchofitsprogram,BestBuychangeditspolicytoadda$25feeforrecyclingoldtelevisionsinordertokeeptheprogramgoing.Buildacultureofcollectivevalueswithcustomers.Astrongerrelationshipbetweentheretailer/producerandtheconsumerisn’tjustaboutfinancialincentives.Bycreatingmoreawarenessaroundyoureffortstoreducewaste,andbydevelopingacultureofresponsibility,repair,andreuse,youcanbuildcustomerloyaltybasedonsharedvaluesandresponsibilities.Theseexamplesarejustthetipoftheiceberg,buttheydemonstratehowhelpingcustomersgetmoreuseoftheirmaterialscantransformvaluechainsandoperations.Reducingwastebyincorporatingusedmaterialsintoproductioncancutcostsanddecreasethepriceofprocurement(采購(gòu)):lesstobeprocuredfromtheoutsideandmoretobere-utilizedfromtheinside.Companiesplayabigroleincreatingacirculareconomy,inwhichvalueisgeneratinglessfromextractingnewresourcesandmorefromgettingbetteruseoutoftheresourceswealreadyhave--buttheymustalsogetcustomersengagedintheprocess.Somecompaniesbelievethatproducts’prolongedlifespanbenefitsboththeenvironmentandcustomers.Asurveyshowsshopperstodayaregettingmoreconcernedaboutenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionwhendecidingwhattobuy.Companiescanbuildcustomerloyaltybycreatingapositivecultureofenvironmentalawareness.Whencompanieslaunchenvironmentalprograms,theywillhavetheirbrandreputationenhanced.Onemultinationalcompanyoffersdiscountstocustomerswhobringinoldfootweartobeusedasfuel.Recyclingusedproductscanhelpmanufacturersreduceproductioncosts.Electronicproductscontainvaluablemetalsthatcouldberecovered.Itseemscommonlybelievedthatcompaniesarenotmotivatedtoprolongtheirproducts’lifespan.Itisadvisableforcompaniestopartnerwitheachotherinproductrecycling.Somebusinesseshavebeguntorealizeitmaynotbeeffectivetoletconsumerstakefullresponsibilityforrecycling.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EffectiveFriday,ScreenActorsGuild-AmericanFederationofTelevisionandRadioArtists(SAG-AFTRA)hasdeclaredastrikeagainst11videogamepublishersovergamesthatwentintoproductionafterFeb.17,2015.Thecompaniesincludesomeoftheheavyweightsoftheindustry,likeElectronicArtsProductions,InsomniacGames,ActivisionandDisney.Thestrikecomesinlightofanunsuccessful19monthsofnegotiationsaftertheexistinglaborcontractknownastheInteractiveMediaAgreementexpiredinlate2014.overall,thestrikeisanefforttoprovidemoresecondarycompensationalongwithotherconcerns,suchastransparencyuponhiringtalentandon-set(制作中)safetyprecautions.Thevideogamingindustryhasballoonedinrecentyears.TheLosAngelesTimesreportsthattheindustryisinthemidstofanintenseincreaseincashflow.In2015,gamingproduced$23.5billionindomesticrevenue.ButSAG-AFTRAsaysvoiceactorsdon’treceiveresiduals(追加酬金)fortheirgamingwork.Instead,theyreceiveafixedrate,whichistypicallyabout$825forastandardfour-hourvocalsession.Sothevoiceactorsarepushingfortheideaofsecondarycompensation—aperformancebonuseverytimeagamesells2millioncopiesordownloads,orreaches2millionsubscribers,withacapat8million.“It’saverysmallnumberofgamesthatwouldtriggerthissecondarycompensationissue,”saidvoiceactorCrispinFreeman,who’samemberoftheunion’snegotiatingcommittee.“Thisisanimportantaspectofwhatitmeanstobeafreelance(從事自由職業(yè)的)performer,whoisn’tregularlyemployedeverysingledayworkingonprojects.”Anothermajorcomplaintfromtheactorsisthesecrecyoftheindustry.“Ican’timagineifthere’sanyotheractingjobintheworldwhereyoudon’tknowwhatshowyou’rein,whenyou’rehired,”saysvoiceactorKeytheFarley,whochairstheSAG-AFTRAnegotiatingcommittee.“Andyetthathappenseverydayinthevideogameworld,”FarleytoldreportersduringapressconferenceFriday.“IwasamaincharacterinFallout4,acharacterbythenameofKellogg,andIneverknewthatIwasdoingvocalrecordingforthatgamethroughouttheyearandahalf.”ScottWitlin,thelawyerrepresentingthevideogamecompanies,saysvoiceactors“representlessthanonetenthof1percentoftheworkthatgoesintomakingavideogame.”So“eventhoughthey’rethetopcraftsmenintheirfield,”Witlinsays,“ifwepaythemunderavastlydifferentsystemthanthepeoplewhodothe99.9percentofthework,that’sgoingtocreatefarmoreproblemsforthevideogamecompanies.”WhydidSAG-AFTRAdeclareastrikeagainstsomevideogamepublishers?Thelaborcontractbetweenthemhadbeenviolated.Itsappealtorenegotiatethecontracthadbeenrejected.Ithadbeencheatedrepeatedlyinthe19monthsoftalks.Thenegotiationsbetweenthemhadbrokendown.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthevideogamingindustry?Ithasreapedhugeprofitsinrecentyears.Ithasbecomemoreopenandtransparent.Ithasattractedmanyfamousvoiceactors.Ithasinvestedalotinitsdomesticmarket.Whatarethevoiceactorsdemanding?Moreregularemployment.Anon-discriminatorycontract.Extrapaybasedonsalesrevenues.Alimitonthemaximumworkhours.WhatdoesKeytheFarleysayaboutvoiceactors?Theyarekeptinthedarkaboutmanydetailsoftheirjob.Theyarediscriminatedagainstinthegamingindustry.Theyarenotpaidonaregularbasis.Theyarenotemployedfull-time.WhatistheargumentoflawyerScottWitlin?Voiceactorsshouldhaveapayraiseiftheyprovetobetopcraftsmen.Changingthepaysystemwouldcausetheindustrymoreproblems.Voiceactorsaremerecraftsmen,notprofessionalperformers.Payingvoiceactorsonanhourlybasisisinlinewiththelaw.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OfficialsattheWhiteHouseannouncedanewspacepolicyfocusedonmanagingtheincreasingnumberofsatellitesthatcompaniesandgovernmentsarelaunchingintospace.SpacePolicyDirective-3laysoutgeneralguidelinesfortheUnitedStatestomitigate(緩解)theeffectsofspacedebrisandtrackandmanagetrafficinspace.ThispolicysetsthestagefortheDepartmentofCommercetotakeoverthemanagementoftrafficinspace.Thedepartmentwillmakesurethatnewlylaunchedsatellitesdon’tuseradiofrequenciesthatwouldinterferewithexistingsatellites,andschedulewhensuchnewsatellitescanbelaunched.ThisonlyappliestoAmericanspaceactivities,butthehopeisthatitwillhelpstandardizeasetofnormsinthedawningcommercialspaceflightindustrythroughouttheworld.Space,especiallythespacedirectlyaroundourplanet,isgettingmorecrowdedasmoregovernmentsandcompanieslaunchsatellites.Oneimpetusforthepolicyisthatcompaniesarealreadystartingtobuildmassiveconstellations(星座),comprisinghundredsorthousandsofsatelliteswithmanymovingpartsamongthem.Withsomuchstuffinspace,andalimitedareaaroundourplanet,thegovernmentwantstoreducethechancesofacollision.Twoormoresatellitesslammingintoeachothercouldcreatemanymoreout-of-controlbitsthatwouldposeevenmorehazardstothegrowingcollectionofsatellitesinspace.Andit’snotlikethishasn’thappenedbefore.In2009anoldRussiancraftslammedintoacommunicationssatellite,creatingacloudofhundredsofpiecesofdebrisandputtingotherhardwareatrisk.JournalistSarahScolesreportsthatNASAcurrentlytracksabout24,000objectsinspace,andin2016theAirForcehadtoissue3,995,874warningstosatelliteownersalertingthemtoapotentialnearb