高考英語一輪復習閱讀理解專項練習

學校：___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________

一、閱讀理解1.Acheapprintedsensorcouldtransmitwildfirewarnings.Wildfireshaverecentlydestroyedregionsacrosstheworld,andtheirgravityisincreasing.Hopingtoreduceharm,researchersledbyYapeiWang,aChinesechemistofRenminUniversity,saytheyhavedevelopedaninexpensivesensortodetectsuchfiresearlierwithlesseffort.Currentdetectionmethodsrelyheavilyonhumanwatchfulness,whichcandelayaneffectiveresponse.Mostwildfiresarereportedbythegeneralpublic,andotheralertscomefromroutinefootpatrolsandwatchtowerobservers.Passingplanesandsatellitesalsooccasionallyspotsomething,but"thefirefirstappearsontheground,"Wangsays."Whenyouseethefirefromthesky,itistoolate."Theteamsaysitsnewsensorcanbeplacedneartreetrunks'basesandsendawirelesssignaltoanearbyreceiverifthereisadramatictemperatureincrease.Thatheatalsopowersthesensoritself,withoutreplacingbatteries.Theteamprintedthesubstancesontoordinarypapertocreateasensorforjust$0.40.Butimprovingcoordinationamongthedifferentagenciesinvolvedinfirefightingisevenmorecrucialtoaddress,saysGrahamKent,anearthquakeexpertattheUniversityofNevada,Reno,whowasnotpartofthestudy.KentisdirectorofALERTWildfire,anetworkthatusescamerasandcrowdsourcingtowatchforfiresinCalifornia,NevadaandOregon."Thewholewaythatyourespondtoafireuntilit'sputoutislikeaballet,"hesays."You'dhavetochoreograph(設計)itjustso,withresourcespreciselyusedattherighttimeandplaceandintherightorderfromdetectiontoconfirmationtoassignmenttoextinguishment(熄滅).Firedetectionisjuststepone."Wangsayshisteam'snextstepsaretoextendthedevice'ssignalrangebeyondthecurrent100meters,whichcanlimitpracticaluse,andtodevelopaprotectiveshieldforit.Thetransmitter'seffectiveness,henotes,willalsoneedtobeexaminedinthefieldahead.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gravity"inparagraph1probablymean?

A.Pull. B.Extinction. C.Popularity. D.Severity.

2.Whatdoweknowaboutthesensor?

A.Itspriceremainshigh. B.Itsbatteriesarereplaceable.

C.Itcandetectfiresearlierandeasier. D.Itcanreducefirefighters'pain.

3.WhatdoesKentmeaninparagraph4?

A.Firefightingiseasybutcrucial.

B.Firedetectionresourcesarerich.

C.Puttingoutafireisanorderlyactivity.

D.Technologyisthekeytoextinguishingafire.

4.What'stheplanforthenewsensoraccordingtoWang?

A.Improvingandtestingit. B.Limitingitsuseandtransmission.

C.Examingandreducingitssignalrange. D.Gettingitonthemarketaheadoftime.2.Improvementstoenergyefficiency,suchasLEDlights,areseenbymanyauthoritiesasatoppriorityforcuttingcarbonemissions.Yetagrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatareboundeffectcouldwipeoutmorethanhalfofthesavingsfromenergyefficiencyimprovements,makingthegoalsoftheParisAgreementonclimatechangeevenhardertohit.AteamledbyPaulBrockwayattheUniversityofLeeds,UK,lookedattheexisting33studiesontheimpactofthereboundeffect.Firstcomesthedirectrebound:forinstance,whensomeonebuysamoreefficientcar,theymaytakeadvantageofthatbydrivingitfurther.Thencomestheindirectrebound:fuelsavingsleavetheownerwithmoremoneytospendelsewhereintheeconomy,consumingenergy.Althoughthe33studiesuseddifferentmethodstomodelthereboundeffect,theyproducedveryconsistentestimatesofitsimpact,leadingtheteamtoconcludethattheeffectwipesout,onaverage,63percentoftheanticipatedenergysavings.“We'renotsayingenergyefficiencydoesn'twork.Whatwe'resayingisreboundneedstobetakenmoreseriously,”saysBrockway.Theideathatincreasedefficiencymaynotdeliverthehoped-forsavingsdatesbacktotheJevonsparadox(悖論),namedaftertheeconomistWilliamStanleyJevons,who,in1865,observedthatmoreefficientcoaluseledtomoredemandforcoal.Ifthereboundeffectdoesprovetobeasbigassuggested,itmeansfutureglobalenergydemandwillbehigherthanexpectedandtheworldwillneedfarmorewindandsolarpowerandcarbon-capturetechnologythaniscurrentlybeingplannedfor.Butthatdoesn'tmeannothingcanbedonetolimitthereboundeffect.Oneansweristodoubledownonenergyefficiencyanddotwiceasmuchtoachievethesameeffect.1.Whichofthefollowingisareboundeffect?

A.AmanusesLEDlightstocutcarbonemissions.

B.Acompanyusescoalmoreefficientlytoreducewaste.

C.Afamilysavesmoneybyusingenergysavingdevices.

D.Aladyspendssavingsfromherfuelefficientcaronmoreclothes.

2.HowdidPaulBrockway'steamcarryouttheirresearch?

A.Byinterviewingeconomists. B.Byanalyzingformerstudies.

C.Bymodelingthereboundeffect. D.BydebatingabouttheJevonsparadox.

3.WhatwouldPaulBrockwayprobablyagreewith?

A.Authoritiesshoulddismissenergyefficiency.

B.Worldwideeffortstopreserveenergyareinvain.

C.Thereboundeffecthelpsprotecttheenvironment.

D.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtothereboundeffect.

4.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardslimitingthereboundeffect?

A.Positive. B.Pessimistic. C.Doubtful. D.Disapproving.3.

Wecanrecognizeourfriends'faces.Manysocialanimalscanalsoidentifyindividualsoftheirownspeciesbytheirfacialfeatures.That'simportant,becausetheyneedtobeabletoadjusttheirbehaviordependingonwhotheymeet.Andresearchhasshownthatsomespeciesofmonkeys,birds,anddomesticated(馴養(yǎng)的)animalscanevendistinguishamongdifferentfacesbylookingatphotographsalone.

Scientistshavealsowonderedwhetherdomesticatedanimalsthathavecoexistedwithpeopleforthousandsofyearscanrecognizedifferenthumanfaces.LéaLansadeof

France'sNationalResearchInstituteforAgriculture,FoodandEnvironmentisoneofthem.Herexperimentonhorsesprovidesinsightintothis.

Sheandherteamfirsttaughtthehorseshowto"choose"betweentwoside-by-sideimagesbytouchingtheirnosestoacomputerscreen.Thehorseswerethenshownphotosoftheirpresentkeeperalongsidefacesofunfamiliarhumans.Theyhadneverseenphotosofanyofthepeoplebefore.Thehorsescorrectlyidentifiedtheirpresentkeeperandignoredthestranger'sfaceabout75%ofthetime,significantlybetterthanchance.

What'smore,thehorsesalsopreferentiallypickedphotosoftheirpreviouskeeper—apersontheyhadn'tseeninsixmonths.Infact,eventhoughthehorsesdidn'tgetitrighteverysingletime,theywereatleastasaccurateinpickingouttheirpreviouskeeperastheywereinidentifyingtheirpresentone.Theresultssuggestthatnotonlycanhorsesdistinguishbetweenfamiliarandunfamiliarhumanfaces,buttheyknowthatphotographsaretwo-dimensionalrepresentationsofreallife,withoutanyothercues(提示)likesound.Andthey'reevenbetteratthisthanouroldestanimalcompanion,thedomesticdog.

Somaybethinktwicebeforedoinganythingatastable(馬廄)thatmightgiveahorsealongface.Afterall,thehorsecouldprobably"remember"you.1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutman'sabilitytorecognizefriends'faces?

A.It'snotuniquetoman. B.It'saninbornability.

C.It'sman'smostvitalability. D.It'ssuperiortothatofanimals.

2.WhydidLéaLansadeandherteamdotheexperiment?

A.Toteachhorsestorecognizehumanfaces.

B.Tostudyhorses'abilitytoidentifyhumanfaces.

C.Tomakehorsesdistinguishbetweentheirkeepers.

D.Tofigureoutsimilaritiesbetweenmanandhorses.

3.Howdoestheauthorsoundinwritingthelastparagraph?

A.Academic. B.Dramatic. C.Cautious. D.Humorous.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HumanFacesAreFamiliartoHorses

B.HorsesRecognizeKeepers'Pictures

C.HorsesReadMan'sFacialExpressions

D.Man'sSoundHelpsHorsesSelectPhotos4.Pachyrhynchusweevils(球背象鼻蟲)arefoundonmostislandsintheeasternPacificOcean.Iftheseweevilscouldfly.thatwouldnotbesurprising.Buttheycannot.Whytheyaresowidespreadisthereforeunknown.ButitisonethatDrHuangWenshanfromTaiwan.Chinathinkshehassolved.Onetheory.whichdatesbackto1923.isthattheinsectsareliftedupbyatinyaircavity(氣腔)cachhasbeneathitsoutershell.whichallowstheinsectstofloat.DrHuang'sresearchintotheweevilsbeganwhenhenotedthatthistheoryhadneverbeentested.Hediscovered.whenheputittothetest.thattheinsectsdo.indeed,float.Butfloatinginseawaterdoesnotdothemmuchgood.Inhistest.all57adultsdiedwithintwodays,Clearly.adultweevilsarenotgoodsailors.Thatdoesnot.however.meanthatyoungweevilsarenot.Pactyrhyochasweevilshaveapreferenceforlayingtheireggsinsidethefruitofaplantcalledthefish-poisontree.Thisremindsusofcoconuttrees.Theydroptheirfruitsintotheocean.whichcarriesthemawaytostartgrowingondistantbeaches.Coconutsareprotectedfrombeingeatenontheirtravelsbyhavingahard.thickshell.Fish-poison-treefruitsarealsoprotectedfromhungryseacreatures.Butintheircase,astheirnamesuggests.theprotectionischemical.Giventherelationshipbetweentheinsectsandtheplant.DrHuangwonderedhowtheirlarvae(幼蟲)wouldgetalongiftheyweredeepinsideapieceoffruitfloatinginseawater.Sohetestedthisaswell.Hisexperimentshowedthatsuchlarvaearetolerantofsaltyconditions.Outof18larvaethrownintoseawaterinsideapieceoffruit,twosurvivedforsixdays.Moreover.theselarvaewentontodevelopintohealthy.Sexuallymatureadults.Twolarvaeoutof18survivingforsixdaysatseamightnotsoundparticularlyimpressive.ButDrHuangarguesthatsuchnumberswouldeasilysupportislandcolonization(定殖)。Heobserves,forexample,thattheKuroshioCurrent,whichcarrieswaterfromthePhilippines,pastJapanandonwardsintothePacific.movessoswiftlythatapieceoffruitcaughtinitcouldeasilytravel90kminaday-thussolvingthequestionofhowaflightlessinsectcanisland-hopsoeffectively.1.Whatdidthe1923theorysuggestaboutPachyrhynchusweevils?

A.Theyareabletoflyveryhigh.

B.Theyareabletofloatinwater.

C.Theylaytheireggsinsideafruit.

D.TheyarewidespreadinthePacificOcean.

2.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutfish-poison-treefruits?

A.Theyarethefoodofhungryseacreatures.

B.Theyprovideshelterforyoungweevils.

C.Theyareundertheprotectionofthickshells.

D.Theytravelalongwaytogrowondistantbeaches.

3.Whatplay(s)akeyroleinhelpingfish-poison-treefruitsmovefast?

A.TheKuroshioCurrent. B.Pachyrhynchusweevils.

C.Thesaltyconditionsofthesea. D.TheislandsintheeasternPacificOcean.

4.Fromwhichsectionofamagazinearewemostlikelytofindthetext?

A.Travel. B.Science. C.Health. D.Environment.5.Spendingoverayearinthebleak(荒涼的)Antarcticamightchangeyourbrainfortheworse,accordingtoanewresearchoutthismonth.Itseemstoshowthatpolarexplorerswholivedfor14monthsatanAntarcticaresearchstationexperiencedbrainshrinkage(縮小),likelyasaresultoftheirlonelinessandboredom.Thestudy’sauthorsusedMRI(核磁共振)toscanthebrainsofeightmembersofateambeforetheybeganalongstayattheGerman-runresearchstation.Duringtheirmission.theteamperiodicallytooktestsoftheircognitionandmemoryandprovidedbloodsamplesthatallowedthestudyauthorstomeasuretheirlevelsofaproteinimportantforbrainhealthcalledbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF).Whentheyreturned,theyhadtheirbrainsscannedagain.Finally,comparedtothemselvesbeforethemission,theexplorers’brainsappearedtohavelessgreymatteronaverage.Theshrinkagewasmostapparentinthehippocampus,intheareaofthebrainkeytomemoryandcognition.TheiraveragelevelsofBDNFalsodroppedduringthetripanddidn’timprovesignificantlyevenafterone-and-a-halfmonthsbackhome.Thestudy’sfindings,publishedinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,aren’tthefirsttosuggestthatlongtimeofbeingseparatedcanchangethebrain.Butpracticallyallofthisworkhasinvolvedanimals,accordingtotheresearchers.Ofcourse,aneight-personstudyissmall,soanyofitsconclusionsshouldbetakenwithcaution.LeadauthorAlexanderC.Stahn,nowaresearcheratthePerelmanSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityofPennsylvania,saidthattheeffectsonthehippocampusarelikelytemporary,providedthescientistsreturnedtoalifefilledwithsocialinteractionandinterestingthingstosee.Still,sincepeoplewillcontinuetravelingtoandfromAntarcticaforlongperiodsoftime,thefindingsaredefinitelyworthkeepinginmindandexploringfurther.TheymightevenproverelevantfortherarefewpeoplewhomighttravelasfarasMarsinthefuture—perhapstheonlysimilarlyscientific,months-longmissionthatwouldbeevenmorelonely.1.Whatwilldodamagetothebrainaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

A.Doingresearchinbrainshrinkage

B.TravelingtotheAntarctica.

C.Workingasaresearcherinastation.

D.Beinginalonelyplaceforalongtime.

2.Howdidthescientistsgettheconclusion?

A.Bycomparingthescannedresults.

B.Bystudyingthepreviousfigures.

C.Bymakingalong-termprogram.

D.Byscanningtheparticipants’brains.

3.Whatcanweinferabouttheexplorerswhentheyreturned?

A.Theywerenolongerusedtothecivilizedworld.

B.Theyhadsomedifficultyinrememberingthings.

C.Theybecamenormalafterone-and-a-halfmonths.

D.Theypublishedtheirfindingsinamedicalmagazine.

4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theimportanceofthefinding.

B.Thedisadvantageofthefinding.

C.Thefuturedevelopmentofthespace.

D.ThepossibilityoftravellingtoMars.6.ESSEX—SorrowfulfamiliesinVietnamarestrugglingtobringhomethebodiesoflovedoneswhodiedinarefrigeratedtruckwhiletryingtoillegallyentertheUnitedKingdomonOct23.Manyoftherelativesofthe39peoplewhodiedinthefreezing,airlessvehiclearetoopoortobringthebodiesbacktoVietnam.Tenofthe39victimswerefromtheCanLocdistrictofHaTinhprovince,whereBuiHuyCuongisdeputychairmanofthepeople'scommittee.HetoldtheGuardianNewspaperthatofficialshavevisitedbereaved(新近喪失親人的)familiestoencouragethemtoreceiveashes,insteadofbodies,becauseitwouldbecheaper.Buthesaidfamilieswantbodiessotheycanbehonoredintraditionalfuneralsandarehopingtheauthoritieswillpay."Atthemoment,wearenotsureiftheBritishortheVietnamesegovernmentwilltakeresponsibilityforbringingvictimsbacktoVietnam,"hesaid."Familiesknownothingaboutit.Itshouldbeclearsoonwhichgovernment((ifany))willtakeresponsibility…h(huán)owmuchcanBritishandVietnamesegovernmentspay,andhowmuchwillVietnamesefamiliesneedtocontribute."Thebrotherof26-year-oldPhamThiTraMytoldthepaperhisfamilydoesnotwantashes.PhamManhCuongsaid,“Myfamilywishestobringmyoldersister'sbodybackhomebecauseweallagreedwewanttoseeherforthelasttime.Iftheydonotpayforthetransportationfee.wehavetopaythefee.Wehavetoacceptmysister'sashesinVietnam,becauseweareinaverydifficultposition.''PhamThiTraMywasthevictimwhocametoprominencewhenherfinaltexthomewasmadepublicinwhichshesaid,"I'msorry,Mum.Myjourneyabroadhasnotsucceeded.Mum,IloveyousomuchI'mdyingbecauseIcan'tbreathe.”NguyenDinhGia,thefatherofanothervictim,NguyenDinhLuong,fromNgheAnprovince,saidhisfamilyalsowantsabody.Hesaidvillagershavebeenvisitedbylocalauthoritiesbutdonotunderstandtheiroptions.“Theydidnottellmehowmuchthetransportfeeis,buttoldus讓'scostly…soit'seasiertobringbackashesinsteadofthebody,"hesaid.“Isaidweareaskingforhelpfromtwogovernments...We'vehadtowaitformanydaysnowandarefallingintodepression.”TheVietnamesegovernmenthasnotcommentedontherepatriations(調回本國).PoliceintheUKandinVietnamhavemadeseveralarrestsinconnectionwiththeincidentthatclaimedthelivesof31maleand8femalevictims,ofwhom10wereteenagers?1.WhatdoesBuiHuyCuongmainlywanttoexpressinPara.2?

A.Howofficialscareaboutthebereavedfamilies.

B.Someauthoritiesencouragefamiliestoreceiveashes.

C.HowmoneywillberaisedtobringthevictimsbacktoVietnam.

D.Familieswantbodiessotheycanbehonoredintraditionalfunerals.

2.Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“prominence”inPara.3?

A.Beinglikelytocauseharm.

B.Thestateofbeingnoticeable.

C.Thequalityofbeingpleasantorattractive.

D.Behavioracquiredthroughfrequentrepetition.

3.WeknowaboutNguyenDinhLuongfromthenewsreport?

A.brotherisPhamManhCuong.

B.HeisfromNgheAnprovince,Vietnam.

C.HisfamilywillflytoEnglandtosechisbody.

D.HisbodywillsoonbebroughtbacktoVietnam.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthenewsreport?

A.39peopledieinthefreezing,airlessvehicle

B.39PeopletrytoillegallyentertheUnitedKingdom.

C.Relativesstrugglingtotake39UKtruckdeathvictimsbacktoVietnam.

D.ArrestsinconnectionwiththeincidentthatclaimthelivesofVietnamese.7.

Someonewhotypeswhileonavideocallmaybegivingawaymoreinformationthantheyrealize.Acomputermodelcanworkoutthewordsthatthepersonistypingjustbytrackingthemovementsoftheirshouldersandarmsinthevideostream.

"Therearesignificantmovementsthatoccurwhentyping,"saysMurtuzaJadliwalaattheUniversityofTexasatSanAntonio."Wethinkifweareabletomodelthemscientifically,weshouldbeabletoinferdifferentkeystrokesbylookingatthevideodata."

Jadliwalaandhiscolleaguesdevelopedamodeltodojustthat.Theymappedthemovementsontoakeyboardandcross-referencedtheresultsagainstadictionaryofcommonlytypedwords,findingitcouldcorrectlyidentifythewordsbeingtyped75%ofthetime.However,theirexperimentwasbasedonthefactthatthetypistsusedtraditionalphysicalQWERTYkeyboardsinthevideo.Therandomizedkeyboard,whichisdifferentfromthetraditionalQWERTYkeyboard,canpreventitfrommakingaccurateinferences.Thosewhowearclothingwithsomesortofsleevearealsolesslikelytobeanalysedaccurately.

Thecomputermodelremovesthebackgroundinformationfromaframeofavideocall.Itthendetectstheouteredgesoftheshoulderbyanalysingeachframeusinganimageprocessingtechniquecalledopticalflow,whichwatchescloselyhowpixels(像素)changeinavideoandmapsarmmovementsontoakeyboard.

Jadliwalasayspixelating(打上馬賽克)theshoulderswouldlessentheeffectoftheissue,butAlanWoodwardattheUniversityofSurrey,UK,arguesthatsuchasolutiondefeatsthepurposeofvideocalling."Thewholepointofavideocallistoseepeople,"hesays,addingthatitisalarmingthatvideocallscanrevealsomuch.1.Whichofthefollowingmayaffectthemodel'sidentificationaccuracy?

A.Thespeedoftyping. B.Theheadmovement.

C.Thepositionofkeysonthekeyboard. D.Thecolorofthetypist'sclothing.

2.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Whatmattersmostinanalysingtheframe. B.Howthebackgroundinformationisremoved.

C.Howthecomputermodelworks. D.whatroleopticalflowplaysintheexperiment.

3.WhatdoesAlanWoodwardthinkofthefinding?

A.Promising. B.Shocking. C.Convincing. D.Disappointing.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Softwarecanspyonwhatyoutypeonvideocalls

B.Youaregivingawayyoursecretunconsciously

C.Isitsafetotypewhenchattingonthephone?

D.Whoarespyingwhenweareonvideocalls?

參考答案1.答案：1.D;2.C;3.C;4.A

解析：1.詞義猜測題。根據畫線部分上下文可知,最近,世界各地的一些地區(qū)都遭到了森林大火的破壞,而且火勢越來越嚴重,故gravity意為“嚴重性”。

2.推理判斷題。根據第二段和第三段第一句可知,目前的檢測方法很大程度上依賴人的觀察力,這會延遲有效的反應。這種新型傳感器可以向附近的接收器發(fā)送無線信號,可以更快、更早地檢測出火災。

3.推理判斷題。根據第四段Kent說的話可知,改善消防機構之間的協(xié)調更為關鍵,你對火的反應,直到它被撲滅,就像一場芭蕾舞。你必須策劃和設計,在正確的時間和地點分配資源,從探測到確認再到調度再到火熄滅。故可推知,滅火是一項合作而有秩序的活動。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段Wang說的話可知,他的研究小組下一步將把這種新型傳感器的信號范圍擴大為目前的100米以外,并為此開發(fā)一種保護罩。發(fā)射機的有效性也需要現(xiàn)場測試。2.答案：1.D;2.B;3.D;4.A

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據第二段“Thencomestheindirectrebound:fuelsavingsleavetheownerwithmoremoneytospendelsewhereintheeconomy,consumingenergy.(然后是間接反彈:節(jié)省的燃料使車主有更多的錢花在其他經濟領域,消耗能源。)”可知,D項“女士把省油汽車節(jié)省的錢花在買更多的衣服上。”就是把省下來的錢花在其他經濟領域(服裝領域)上,符合間接反彈效應。D項正確,其它選項不符合題意。故選D項。

2.推理判斷題。根據第三段“Althoughthe33studiesuseddifferentmethodstomodelthereboundeffect,(盡管這33項研究使用了不同的方法來模擬反彈效應,)”中的modelthereboundeffect可知,研究團隊是通過模擬回彈效應進行他們的研究的。故選B項。

3.推理判斷題。根據第四段““We'renotsayingenergyefficiencydoesn'twork.Whatwe'resayingisreboundneedstobetakenmoreseriously,”saysBrockway.(Brockway說:“我們并不是說能源效率不起作用,我們的意思是需要更加認真地對待經濟反彈?！?”中的betakenmoreseriously可知,Brockway認為應該更加關注回彈效應。故選D項。

4.推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Butthatdoesn'tmeannothingcanbedonetolimitthereboundeffect.Oneansweristodoubledownonenergyefficiencyanddotwiceasmuchtoachievethesameeffect.(但這并不意味著我們不能采取任何措施來限制反彈效應。一個解決辦法是加倍提高能源效率,并采取雙倍的措施來達到同樣的效果。)”中的雙重否定句可知,作者對于限制反彈效應是持積極(positive)態(tài)度的,并提出了對應的解決辦法。故選A項。3.答案：1-4ABDB

解析：1.考查理解具體信息的能力。第一段提到我們能夠識別朋友的臉,很多群居動物也能夠通過面部特征來識別自己種群里的個體。由此可知,這不是人類獨有的能力。

2.考查推理判斷的能力。根據第二段"Scientistshavealsowonderedwhetherdomesticatedanimalsthathavecoexistedwithpeopleforthousandsofyearscanrecognizedifferenthumanfaces.LéaLansade...isoneofthem.Herexperimentonhorsesprovidesinsightintothis"并結合第三段實驗的內容可知,LéaLansade和她的團隊做實驗是為了研究馬識別人臉的能力。故選B。

3.考查推理判斷的能力。最后一段提到,在馬廄里做任何可能會讓馬悶悶不樂的事情之前要三思。畢竟,它很可能會“記住”你。由此可知,作者在最后一段使用了比較幽默的口吻來行文。

4.考查理解主旨要義的能力。本文主要講的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)馴養(yǎng)的馬通過看照片就可以認出自己的飼養(yǎng)者。故選B。4.答案：1.B;2.B;3.A;4.B

解析：1.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的Onetheory,whichdatesbackto1923,isthattheinsectsareliftedupbyatinyaircavity(氣腔)eachhasbeneathitsoutershell,whichallowstheinsectstofloat.可知,按照1923年的某個理論,球背象鼻蟲能漂浮于水面。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的Pachyrhynchusweevilshaveapreferenceforlayingtheireggsinsidethefruitofaplantcalledthefish-poisontree.及Fish-poison-treefruitsarealsoprotectedfromhungryseacreatures.Butintheircase,astheirnamesuggests,theprotectionischemical.可知,魚毒樹果實為球背象鼻蟲的幼蟲提供了避身之所,使其能安全度過海上“漂流之旅”。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中的theKuroshioCurrent,whichcarrieswaterfromthePhilippines,pastJapanandonwardsintothePacific,movessoswiftlythatapieceoffruitcaughtinitcouldeasilytravel90kminaday可知,theKuroshioCurrent使得魚毒樹果實可以在海水中快速行進。

4.文章出處題。作者在文中介紹了一項關于一種叫球背象鼻蟲的昆蟲的研究,本文最有可能出自雜志的科普欄目。5.答案：1.D;2.A;3.B;4.A

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據第一段“Itseemstoshowthatpolarexplorerswholivedfor14monthsatanAntarcticaresearchstationexperiencedbrainshrinkage(縮小),likelyasaresultoftheirlonelinessandboredom.”

這似乎表明,在南極研究站生活了14個月的極地探險者大腦出現(xiàn)了萎縮,可能是由于他們的孤獨和無聊。所以長時間處在單獨的地方會導致大腦損害。故選D項。

2.推理判斷題。根據第三段“Finally,comparedtothemselvesbeforethemission,theexplorers’brainsappearedtohavelessgreymatteronaverage.”

最后,與執(zhí)行任務前相比,探險者的大腦平均灰質較少?？芍茖W家是對比掃描結果來得出結論的,故選A項。

3.推理判斷題。根據第三段“Theshrinkagewasmostapparentinthehippocampus,intheareaofthebrainkeytomemoryandcognition.”

這種萎縮在海馬體中,在大腦中負責記憶和認知的關鍵區(qū)域最為明顯。由此判斷出探險者在回來的時候在記憶方面有些困難。故選B項。

4.主旨大意題。根據最后一段“sincepeoplewillcontinuetravelingtoandfromAntarcticaforlongperiodsoftime,thefindingsaredefinitelyworthkeepinginmindandexploringfurther.TheymightevenproverelevantfortherarefewpeoplewhomighttravelasfarasMarsinthefuture”

由于人們將在很長一段時間內繼續(xù)往返于南極洲之間,這些發(fā)現(xiàn)絕對值得我們牢記在心,并進行進一步的探索。它們甚至可能被證明與極少數(shù)幾個將來可能遠赴火星的人有關。可知最后一段主要是關于此項發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要性。故選A項。6.答案：1.C;2.B;3.B;4.C

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據文章第二段全段Tenofthe39victimswerefromtheCanLocdistrictofHaTinhprovince,……andhowmuchwillVietnamesefamiliesneedtocontribute."可知,39名受害者中有10人來自HaTinh省的CanLoc區(qū),BuiHuyCuong是那里的人民委員會副主席。他在接受《衛(wèi)報》(Guardian)采訪時表示,官員們已經走訪了失去親人的家庭,鼓勵他們接受骨灰,而不是尸體,因為這樣更便宜。但是他說,家屬希望得到遺體,這樣他們就可以在傳統(tǒng)的葬禮上紀念,他們希望當局會出錢。他說:“目前,我們不確定英國或越南政府是否會承擔將受害者帶回越南的責任?！薄凹胰藢Υ艘粺o所知。很快就會清楚哪個政府(如果有的話)將承擔責任……英國和越南政府可以支付多少,越南家庭需要貢獻多少?！币虼丝芍?BuiHuyCuong在第二段中主要想表達如何籌集資金將受害者帶回越南。故C項正確。A項,“官員們如何關心失去親人的家庭”。官員們如何關心失去親人的家庭只是BuiHuyCuong表達觀點的一小部分,并不是他主要表達的內容。故A項錯誤。B項,“一些當局鼓勵家庭接受骨灰”。一些當局鼓勵家庭接受骨灰只是BuiHuyCuong表達觀點的一小部分,并不是他主要表達的內容。故B項錯誤。D項,“家庭想要尸體,這樣他們就可以在傳統(tǒng)的葬禮上得到尊重”。家庭想要尸體,這樣他們就可以在傳統(tǒng)的葬禮上得到尊重只是BuiHuyCuong表達觀點的一小部分,并不是他主要表達的內容。故D項錯誤。