人教版高三英語輪復習grammar定語從句介詞關系代詞講解練習題無

定語從句1.as的用法:(as指引定語從句,在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)①如為限制性的，多用于thesameas;thesameas；suchas;asmany/muchas；soas等構造中。如：Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的同樣的書。Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.(關系代詞as和指示代詞same連用,在從句頂用作表語,先行詞是same.)②如為非限制性的，多獨自指引一個定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為"正如，這一點"。（動詞常為know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作賓語)=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.（as作主語）=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.PS：thesame.as與thesame.that的異同Eg：thisisthesametoolasIusedlasttime.(和..同一類)ThisisthesametoolthatIusedlasttime（和..同一個）●as&which:as&which指引非限制性定語從句的差別：①地點的不同樣：which指引的定語從句只置于所限制的句子后；as地點較靈巧，也就是說as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.②先行詞的不同樣：as指引非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞多為一個句子；which指引非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞可以是一個詞，一個短語或一個句子。Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（先行詞是一個詞）Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.（先行詞是一個句子）Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.③as一般譯為"正如""就像"，"這一點"which沒有這個意思asweallknow；asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpected;aswehaveimagined.PS:當主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關系時，關系詞常常只用which。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.湯姆老是遲到，這使得老師很惱火。Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.這些桌子是金屬的，這使得這些桌子很重。1當先行詞受such,thesame修飾時，關系詞常用as。如：I’neverheardsuchstoriesashetells.我從未聽過象他講的這樣的故事。Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.這部字典跟我上禮拜拋棄的同樣典型例題1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it3）Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.thatB.whichC.asD.it（1）as指引的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可以。2）as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必然是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只好用which.。在此題中，prevent因為是行為動詞，因此正確選項應為B介詞加關系代詞介詞+which（指物),不可以省介詞+whom（指人),不可以省介詞后不用who、that掌握“介詞＋關系代詞”構造中介詞的采用介詞的選擇與主句中先行詞的搭配親密有關。如：That”sthereasonforwhichhewaslateforschool.ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8Yuan.介詞選擇的三大規(guī)則：1.取決于從句中的謂語動詞同介詞的搭配。（V+pre.）如：HeisthemanwhomItalkedwiththismorning.取決于先行詞同介詞的常例搭配。四組?？嫉拇钆洌?）extentdegree（程度）同to搭配2）price(詳細多少錢時與at;若指價錢方面與in搭配)speedrateat搭配3）fieldareaaspectsphere（領域，方面）同in搭配例句：ThefieldinwhichIstudiedinuniversityispsychology.4)basisgroundfoundation（基礎）同on搭配介詞的地點①一般狀況下，介詞放在關系代詞which和whom以前，也可放在動詞后。②固定搭配的動詞短語中的介詞一般不可以提早.常有的這種動詞短語有:Lookfor/after/forwardto、carefor、takecareof、hearof/about/from,等.2Tips介詞﹢關系代詞指引的定語從句,重點是判斷介詞的選擇,方法一是看從句謂語部分缺乏什么介詞(習慣搭配),再則可以經(jīng)過整個句子整體含義來判斷,聯(lián)合生活實質來判斷.1.名詞+介詞+關系代詞Thisistheteacherwhosedaughterisafamousdoctor.=Thisistheteacherthedaughterofwhomisafamousdoctor.2.數(shù)詞+介詞+關系代詞(含基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分數(shù)和百分數(shù)）Wehavethreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.3.代詞+介詞+關系代詞（代詞有all、both、none、neither、either、some、any等）Theoldwomanhastwosons,bothofwhomareteachers.4.形容詞最高等+介詞+關系代詞Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland.5.介詞+關系代詞+名詞Hespentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehestudiedmedicine.練習題：ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,_______whichthisisoneexample,arewellwritten.2.Thespeed________whichyoudriveyourcarmustn’ttoohigh.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour_________whichisbrightandnice.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_________whichtherearemanypictures.Whatwerethethings__________whichhewasnottoosure?Theyheldameeting,_______whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.Thebook,_________whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.Isthistheman________whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?Thevillagersdugalongtunnel__________whichtheycouldgotothefieldswithoutbeingfoundbytheJapanesesoldiers.10.WuDong,_________whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.TheSecondWorldWar_________millionsofpeoplewerekilledin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich12.Chinahasmanyrivers,________theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhichThisistheveryknife_____Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich高考題中對“介詞+關系代詞”定語從句的察看熱門：1．“簡單介詞+關系代詞”指引的定語從句。介詞選擇的依據(jù)主假如依據(jù)從句中的動詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定；或許以先行詞與從句中的動詞關系及所表達的含義而定；或許以先行詞在定語從句中的作用和含義而定。如：3TheEnglishplay________mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich2．察看“the+名詞+of+關系代詞”指引的定語從句。RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,________wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose3．察看“代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞of+關系代詞”指引的定語從句。介詞of后指人的關系代詞只好是whom,指物只好是which。也可將ofwhichwhom提早，此后再接代詞或數(shù)詞。注意這時ofwhich/whom不可以改為whose。如：Ihavemanyfriends,________somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom4．察看“介詞+關系代詞”指引定語從句的省略形式。Frank'sdreamwastohavehisownshop________toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how定語從句高考考點考點一:that與which的差別that與which的差別只用that的狀況:1.先行詞為all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代詞.42.先行詞被all,little,much,every,no,等修飾時。3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高等修飾，先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(thefirst),形容詞最高等(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等時。4.先行詞為人和物的組合。5.若主句中有疑問代詞who或許which，為了防范重復,關系代詞用that。只用which的狀況:1.逗號后邊2.介詞后邊一個句子,兩個定語從句,為防范重復,一個用that,另一個用which.考點二:that與who的差別在one,anyone,those指人時一般用“who”。he/she/I/they作先行詞時,用“who”代替“thatAnyone___________breaksthelawispunished.Those____________breakthelawarepunished.He______________breaksthelawispunished.考點三:介詞+關系代詞考點四：as與which指引的定語從句二者均可指引非限制性定語從句，有時可以交換,但以下狀況多用as。1.當與such或thesame、so、as連用時，一般用as。Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting2.as指引的從句可以放在句首,as自己有“正如,正象”之意，與之連用的詞有know、see、expect、Announce、pointout等。Asweallknow,theearthisround.1._____Engelspointedout,labourcreatedmanhimself.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.TheysaidtheywereFrench._______wasn’ttrue.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As3.Theclockstruckthirteen,_____madeeveryonelaugh.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As4.Wedothesamework_____theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like考點五:定語從句中主謂一致問題定語從句中的動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應當與它的先行詞保持一致。1.Iamnotonewho______(be)afraidofdifficulty．2.Don’tchooseme,who______(be)notfitforthisjob．Thisisoneofthebestbooks___.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten4.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirls___wellinclass.!!A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whotosing定語從句的考點之三六分詞短語作定語當先行詞在定語從句中作主語時，應注意主謂語的一致性及被動語態(tài)問題。特別要注意在考題中不用定語從句，而是用分詞短語作定語。比方：6）Thefirsttextbooks______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.5A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written選D。定語從句的考點之七不重復先行詞定語從句中不可以再重復與先行詞有關的代詞或副詞。必然切記定語從句中關系詞已經(jīng)代替先行詞而且在定語從句中已經(jīng)充任其成分，故不可以再用有關的代詞或副詞。比方：8）Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_______ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkitisB.whichIthinkisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis（9）Thisisthehospital__theyvisitedlastyearandistheone_____Iworkedinfiveyearsago．A．That；whereB．Where；thatC．Where；whereD．That；that10）Therearedirtymarksonhertrousers________shehadwipedherhands.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when定語從句的考點之八解題時要注意題干的內容和句子的構造，（進行必需的語法分析，弄清句子構造。）再行答題。比方：1）Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_______Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what2）MrsBrownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_____wentwrongagain.A.itrepairB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired3）______iswell-knownthatAntarcticaisdifficulttoreachA.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which4）_______iswell-knownisthatAntarcticaisdifficulttoreach.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.which練習題：1.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek?Isthisthefactory____wevisitedlastweek?A.whereB.thatC.towhichD.theone2.Letmethinkofapropersituation____thissentencecanbeused.!A.whereB.thatC.ofwhomD.which3.HereareplayersfromJapan,someof____areouroldfriends.HerearesomeplayersfromJapanandsomeof____areouroldfriends.!A.whichB.thatC.whomD.themThisistheman___lastnight.A.whomIsawhimB.whomIsawC.whichIsawD.whoIsawhimTheplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhichDoyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspokeThisisthehotel_______lastmonth.6A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayedDoyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhichThatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.whenThefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhichGreatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.thereThisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalkedCanyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalkedThepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhichTheyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.thatTheengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhomItthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whoseI'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.whichIwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.asHeisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.asHeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.whatLiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.IwentwithhimIdon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovelsHetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschoo