DNVGL-RP-J203-2017 - 原版完整標準

第1頁共74頁Theelectronicpdfversionofthisdocument,availablefreeofcharge from,istheofficiallybindingversion.第2頁共74頁Thisservicedocumenthal第3頁共74頁第3頁共74頁ThisdocumentsupersedestheJuly2012editionofDNV-RP-J203.ThepurposeoftherevisionofthisservicedocumentistocomplywiththenewDNVGLdocumentreferencecodesystemandprofilerequirementsfollowingthemergerbetweenDNVandGLin2013.ChangesmainlyconsistofupdatedcompanynameandreferencestootherdocumentswithintheDNVGLportfolio.SomereferencesinthisservicedocumentmayrefertodocumentsintheDNVGLportfolionotyetpublished(plannedpublishedwithin2017).InsuchcasespleaseseetherelevantlegacyDNVorGLdocument.Referencestoexternaldocuments(non-DNVGL)havenotbeenupdated. 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 9 10 16 17 17 33 33 33 34 41 44 45 45 48 50DNGL-RP-J203-2017-道客巴巴 53 64 73第6頁共74頁Themainobjectiveofthisrecommendedpractice(RP)istoprovideasystematicapproachtotheselection,qualificationandmanagementofgeologicalstoragesitesforcarbondioxide(CO2).ThisRPspecifieswhat,inDNVGL'sopinion,isthebestindustrypracticeforthatpurpose.ThisRPmaybeusedasabasisforverificationandisconsideredapplicableworldwide.第7頁共74頁Thereisgrowingconsensusthatglobalwarmingandclimatechangearetheanthropogenicresultsofgreenhousegasemissionsfromthecombustionoffossilfuels,suchasnaturalgas,oilandcoal.Theworld'spopulationissteadilygrowing,asareitsenergyneeds.Itisexpectedthatasignificantpartoftheworld'sfutureneedforelectricalenergyandheatwillcomefromburningoffossilfuels,implyingincreasedCOzemissionstotheatmosphere.Carboncaptureandstorage(CCS)offersanopportunitytomitigateglobalwarmingandassociatednegativeimpactsbycapturingandstoringCO2thatwouldotherwisebeemittedtotheatmosphere.CCSreferstotheprocessofcapturingCO2fromlargepointsources,suchasfossilfuelpowerplants,cementfactories,oilrefineries,orironandsteelmills,andinjectingandisolatingthecapturedCO2indeepgeologicalformations.ForCCStobeeffectivethegeologicalformationsintowhichCOzisinjectedmustbecarefullyselectedandqualifiedtoensurethattheycanprovidelong-termcontainmentofinjectedCO2streams.thesuitabilityofstorthecharacteristicsofeach-specificationsandperformancerequirementsshallbeclearlydefined,quantifiedanddocumented-aqualificationplanshallbedevelopedtoevaluatefulfilmentofthespecifiedrequirements-threatstotheperformancerequirementsshallbeidentified-tailoredthreatidentificationshouldbecarriedoutfornovelelementswheretheuncertaintyismostsignificant-therelevanceofindividualthreatsshallbedeterminedbasedontheirrisk-riskassessmentsshallbeexecutedanddocumentedinatransparentandtraceableway一-riskassessmentsshallbeusedtoevaluatetheappropriatenessofrequirementsandtoguidedecisionmaking-thequalificationprocessandtheevaluationoffulfilmentofperformancerequirementsshallbedocumented.-theselectionandqualificationofgeologicalstoragesitesforlong-termstorageofCO2-thedocumentationofstoragesitecharacterizationandstoragesitedevelopmentplansasabasisforpermitapplications/reviews-riskmanagementthroughoutlifecycleofCO2geologicalstorageprojects,frominitialscreeningandstoragesiteselectionthroughtostoragesiteclosureandpreparationforpost-closurestewardship第8頁共74頁-monitoringandstorageperformanceverification一wellassessmentandmanagementplanning-storagesiteclosureandpreparationforpost-closurestewardship.Thefollowingqualifica-Table4-1:Requirementstopotentialstoragesitesthatshouldbeincludedinthescreeningbasis.-Table4-3:Requirementstoprospectivestoragesitesthatshallbeincludedintheappraisalbasis(inadditionthoselistedinTable4-1).-Table5-2:Requirementsforstoragesiteclosure.-Table5-3:Requirementsforthestoragedevelopmentplan.-Table5-1:Requirementsforthemonitoringplan.-theselectionandqualificationofhydrocarbonfieldsforenhancedrecoverybyCOzinjection-thecaptureofCO2anditstransportationfromsourcetostoragesite-managementofsurfacefacilitiesandwelloperations(injectionwells,productionwells,monitoringwells)-accountingofCOzemissionsavoided-COzinjectionandstorageinun-mineablecoalbeds,basaltformations,shales,andsaltcaverns-undergroundstorageinmaterialsinvolvingtheuseofanyformofengineeredcontainers.-guidanceandqualityassuranceofstoragesiteplanninganddevelopment-demonstrationofcompliancewithindustrybestpractice-implementationofregulations-independentassessmentandverification-stakeholdercommunication-aregulator-anindependentverifieraninvestororotherfin第9頁共74頁GenericqualificationproceduresfornewtechnologyareaddressedinDNVGL-RP-A203.Whiletheseprocedurescoveragenericapproach,thepresentdocumentdescribeshowtheseprinciplesshallbeappliedtoqualifyandmanageCO2geologicalstoragesites.OnlythestoragecomponentoftheCCSvaluechainfromtheinjectionzoneuptoandincludingtheCO2injectionwellheadsisaddressedinthisRP.Elementsofthecaptureand(pipeline)transportcomponentsoftheCCSchainareaddressedinDNVGL-RP-J201andDNVGL-RP-J202,respectively.-CO2QUALSTORE-GuidelineforSelectionandQualificationofSitesandProjectsforCO2GeologicalStorageofCO2(2010).-CO2WELLS-GuidelinefortheRiskManagementofExistingWellsatCO2GeologicalStorageSites(2011).ThesetwoguidelineswerethefinaldeliverablesfromjointindustryprojectswhereasthisRPhasbeenSoaySoaySP-CO.StoragePermitTORTransferdfResponsFigure2-1LifecyclediagramforaCOzgeologicalstorageprojectshowingdecisiongates(diamonds)andpermits(stars).ThesectionswithinthisRPareshownunderneaththerelevantlifecyclestagesasgreybars.ThisdocumentisstructuredaroundthegenericdecisiongatemodelforaCO2storagesite,asshowninFigure2-1.ThedecisiongatemodelcoversthelifecycleofaCOzgeologicalstorageproject.Decisiongates2,4and8aredesignedtoprecedeanoperator'sapplicationforanexplorationpermit,storagepermitandtransferofresponsibilitypermit,ortheirequivalents.ThisRPcontainsthefollowingsections:第10頁共74頁adocumentthatdefinestherequirementstobefulfilledduringtheprojectappraisalstageinordertobequalifiedtoapplyforastoragepermitstoragesitesarequalifiedtoapplyforastoragepermitandtheevidenceformakingthisdecisionthecapillarypressureatwhichthenon-wettingphasestartstodisplacethewettingphase,usuallybrine,containedinthelargestporethroatwithinawater-wetformationvolumeofcementslurryplacedinawellborewhich,onceinasolidstate,shallfunctionasawellbarrieradocumentthatdefinestherequirementstobefulflledduringtheprojectclosurestageinordertobeabletoregardastoragesiteasqualifiedforclosure第11頁共74頁statementforstoragesiteclosure,astorageperformanceforecastforstoragesiteclosure,amonitoringplanforstoragesiteclosureandanupdatedclosureplancomponentofacarboncaptureandstorageprojectthatincludessitescreening,selectionandappraisal,permitting,designandconstructionofsitefacilities,welldrilling,operationofCO2geologicalstorage,storagesiteclosure(includingwellandfacilitiesabandonment),andpost-closuretreatment.potentialmineralresou第12頁共74頁potentialorobservedmanneroffailureonaspecifiedlevelofawellcomponentorsystemofcomponentsasurfacepipelinecarryinganinjectionorproductionstreamthatconnectsthewellheadtoamanifoldortoinjectionorproductionfacilities,suchasacompressorItisadocumentthatincludesthefinalwellengineeringconceptandfinalwellqualificationreportforeachwellatastoragesiteanddescribesthefollowingcharacterisitics;i)theexpectedinjectionforecast,ii)theexpectedvariationindeliveredwellperformanceandiii)welloperatingprocedures.ageologicformation,groupofformations,orpartofaformationintowhichCO2isorwillbeinjectedforthepurposeoflong-termstorage第13頁共74頁constituentsorformationfluidsdisplacedbyCOzinjectioncanpotentiallymigrateoutsideofthestoragecomplexlifecycleofastoragesitepermeablezonesalongwelltrajectorybyinstallationofwellbarriers,usuallycementplugsmargintononcompliancewithratioofthevolumeofvoidporespaceintherockrelativetothebulkvolumeoftherock第14頁共74頁event.adocumentthatdescribesthescopeofeachstepintheScreeningstageandtheactivitiestobecarriedout第15頁共74頁customersnongovernmentaladocumentthatshalldescribehowstoragesitecharacterizationandmodellingactivitieswillbeperformedforeachprospectivestoragesiteinordertoprovidethetechnicalbasisforthestoragesiteandwellengineeringconceptselection第16頁共74頁Forverificationofcomplian第17頁共74頁StoragesitescreeningistheprocessofevaluatingthepotentialforCOzgeologicalstorageinagivenregion..Thefollowingstepsrepresentagenericrecommendationofscreeningactivitiesapplicabletoanyregion.Thescopeofthestepsisexpectedtovarybetweenregionsdependingonthequalityandquantityofexistingdata.report.storagesiteswillbeassessedatmilestoneM2inFigure2-1.Thescreeningbasisdocumentshouldincludealistofrequirementsthatastoragesiteshouldfulfilinordertoberegardedasprospectiveandqualifyforappraisal.TheserequirementsshouldatleastincludethoselistedinTable4-1.第18頁共74頁-thelocationsofthecurrentorplannedsourcesofCO2-themassratesandcompositionoftheCO2streamsfromthesesources-theexpectedratesofsupplyandthelifetimeoftheCO2sources-thenaturalenvironmentsuchasmeteorology,surface/marineenvironment,biosphere,hydrosphereandgeosphereinasfarasitmayinteractwiththestoragecomplexorpotentialleaksfromthecomplex-historical,existingorplannedusesofthesubsurfaceintheregion,suchas:-groundwaterextraction-oilorgasproduction-geothermalenergyextraction-acidgasdisposal-naturalgasstorage-wastedisposal-populationcentres(takingintoaccountdemographictrends)-industrialdevelopments-agriculture-transportinfrastructuresuchasroadsandrailways-industrialinfrastructuresuchaspipelinesandpowerlinestheexpectationsoftheoperThepurposeofthescreeningplanistodescribethescopeofeachscreeningstepandtheactivitiestobecarriedout.Theplannedactivitiesshouldbeappropriateforthetypeofdatathatwillbeusedandthelevelofdetailrequiredforcomparisonagainsttherequirementssetoutinthescreeningbasis.-wherethisdatawillbeobtained-howthisdatawillbeusedtoidentifypotentialstoragesites-howstoragecapacitywillbecalculated第19頁共74頁-howexistingwellswillbeidentifiedandriskassessed-howotherpotentialleakageriskswillbeidentifiedandriskassessed-howpotentialconflictswithothersub-surfaceresourcesorland-useclaimswillbeidentified-howthelocationofpotentialstoragesiteswillbeevaluatedwithrespecttothelocationofCO2sources-whichstakeholderswillbeinvolvedorinformedduringthescreeningprocess-stakeholder'sneedsforinformationandinvolvement,providingtherationaleforthecommunicationstrategyandforfutureengagement-howlegalandphysicalaccessibilitytostoragesiteswillbeassessed.Thepurposeofthisstepistocollectandreviewdatainordertoidentifypotentialstoragesites.Thisactivitymayprimarilybebasedondataavailablefromexistingsources,butacquisitionofnewdatathroughearly-stageappraisalactivitiesmaybeneededindatapoorareas.AnoperatorshouldconsiderthelikelihoodofgettingnecessarypublicsupportforundertakingCO2storageinagivenregion,whichmayentailpublicsurveysandstakeholderinterviews.Datareviewshouldidentifygeologicalstructuresthatdemonstratethepotentialtocomplywiththerequirementsinthescreeningbasisanddocumenttheseaspotentialstoragesites.ExamplesofthetypesofdatathatmaybecollectedandtheinformationthatmaybederivedfromeacharegiveninApp.A.suitabilitytohelpaccelerateandguidethescreeningprocessbyrapidlyidentifyingthemostpromisingareasforCO2geologicalstorage.ScreeningrequirementsshouldnotbeinterpretedasthresholdsforeliminationofprospectswithunfavourableIEAGreenhouseGasRDProgramUnitedKingdom.Thepurposeofthisstepistoassessthelevelofuncertaintyrelatedtoeachpotentialstoragesitethatwasidentifiedintheprecedingstep.Thequalityandquantityoftheavailableevidenceforandagainstmeetingtherequirementslaiddowninthescreeningbasisshouldbeassessedforeachpotentialstoragesite.CapacityInitialestimatesofstoragecapacitycanbeobtainedusinganumberofdifferentmethodsthatspanarangeofcomplexities.Threebroadgroupsofcapacityestimationmethodsarevolumetricmethods,analyticalor第20頁共74頁-forvolumetricbasedcapacityestimationmethodstheuncertaintymaybereflectedbyprovidingconservativeandoptimisticestimatesofthevolumetricfractionofthepore-spacethatcanbefilledwithCO2.Forclosedcontourstructuresthecapacityisusuallynotmorethan1-2percentoftheaccessiblepore-volumeduetolimitsonpressurebuild-up.(Notethatthisratiomaybesignificantlyincreasedifthereservoirhasbeendepletedbyhydrocarbonproduction).Otherfactors,suchaspreferentialflowpathsandinternalflowbarriers,mayfurtherreducethecapacity-forcapacityestimationmethodsthatincludemodellingoftheCO2plumemovementandpressurebuild-upinananalyticalorsemi-analyticalfashionitmaybepossibletodosensitivityanalysisoftheprimaryuncertainparametersthatdescribetheporevolumeofthetargetstorageformationandpossibledegreeoffillingwithCO2-ifthree-dimensionalreservoirsimulationsareappliedtoestimatecapacity,thenthelevelofuncertaintymaybeestimatedbysimulatingalimitednumberofscenarios,includingbest-caseandworstcasescenarios.ReservoirinjectivityEarlyestimatesofreservoirinjectivitymaybebasedonpermeabilitymeasurementsorcalculationsfromregionalwell-logsorproduction/injectivitydataofexistingwellsintheinjectionzone.Theuncertaintyinreservoirinjectivityisoftenrelatedtotheavailabilityofwell-logsinthevicinityoftheproposedstoragesite.Otherkeyuncertaintyfactorswithregardstoreservoirinjectivityarethepotentialforcompartmentsorflowbafflesinthetargetformationandtheeffectofnear-wellgeochemicalreactionsthatmaylimitthesustainedinjectivityofagivenwell.Thesefactorsare,however,generallydifficulttoassessatthescreeningstageunlessthestoragesitehasbeensubjecttooilorgasdevelopment.Atthescreeningstagecontainmentistypicallyassessedbasedontheformationtype,depth,thickness,andlateralextentoftheprimarysealabovethetargetstorageformation,aswellasthedepth,age,dataavailabilityanddrilling,constructionandabandonmentproceduresforactiveandabandonedwellsintheregion.Considerationshouldalsobegiventothepotentialfornaturalorinducedseismiceventstocreateleakagepathways.Keycontainmentuncertaintiesrelatetothedegreeandcertaintyofknowledgeabouttheseparametersandthecontributionfromthefourdifferenttrappingmechanisms(structural,capillary,solubility,andmineraltrapping)duringthelifecycleofthestoragesite.Toevaluatethesignificanceoftheuncertainties,theredundanciesinthecontainmentsystem(forexamplethepresenceofmultiplegeologicalsealsandnumberofindependentwellbarriers)shouldbetakenintoaccount.Assessmentofinjectivityisalsopartlyacommercialconsiderationsincelackofreservoirinjectivitycanoftenbemanagedbyincreasingthenumberofinjectionwells.oftheprecedinguncert