新教材2021-2022學(xué)年英語譯林版選擇性必修第一冊練習(xí)uNIT1FOODMATTERSS3課后鞏固WORD版含解析

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.Thesecondprincipleisto__________(放松)thecontrolthatprovidersofonlineserviceshaveoverdata.2.InordertolearnTangpoetrywell,you'dbettergetsomeinformationaboutTang__________(王朝)beforeclass.3.Astheirworld__________(發(fā)展),childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonline.(2018·江蘇)4.__________(數(shù)量多的)genesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.(2020·江蘇)5.Itwas__________(清楚的)toeveryonethatshewasnothappy.6.Withthehelpof__________(廚師)MattTebbutt,sheofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste.(2018·全國Ⅰ)7.CallLost__________(財產(chǎn))on131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.(2020·全國Ⅰ)8.Beingoutgoingandhelpful,Iamconfidentthatvolunteeringisan__________(合適的)jobtome.(2019·全國Ⅰ)9.Someanalysts__________(估計)thatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.(2018·天津)10.Itisan__________(必不可少的)partofwhowearetodayandwhowewillbecome.(2018·天津)【答案】1.loosen2.Dynasty3.expanded4.Multiple5.plain6.chef7.Property8．a(chǎn)ppropriate9.estimate10.essentialⅡ.單句語法填空1.Theyneededtotakeintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,__________(damp)ofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).(2019·浙江6月)2.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthe__________(fog)northerncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountains.(2019·浙江6月)3.Handingout__________(slice)orangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.(2019·全國Ⅱ)4.Boththesizeand__________(consume)habitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)5.Intheageofglobalcompetition,design__________(innovate)isvital.6.Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoits__________(mix)ofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).(2018·全國Ⅲ)7.Hefellbehind,sohehadto__________(quick)uphispacetocatchupwithus.8.We__________(instant)steppedawayandranasfastaswecouldtothehelicopter.(2020·浙江7月)9.Wilsonhashad__________(count)pleasantandoftenhumorousconversationswiththestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.(2019·北京)10.Theyhave__________(traditional)livedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.(2020·全國Ⅲ)【答案】1.dampness2.foggy3.sliced4.consumption5.innovation6.mixture7．quicken8.instantly9.countless10.traditionallyⅢ.用合適的介詞或副詞填空1.Ittookalongtimetoheat__________thestove.2.Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressive__________timetowardstheirclassmates.(2019·全國Ⅰ)3.Heappealed__________otherleaderstodonatetothecause.4.Doyouprefertosocialize__________friendswhosmoke?5.Abrandstorehasbecomefamous__________itsdistinctivescent.6.Oneagentrecommendedahouse__________particular.7.Suchabeautyis,tomymind,__________equalallovertheworld.8.Hecameinandtook__________hiscoat.9.Therewasavariety__________vegetablesforustochoosefrom.(2020·全國Ⅱ)10.Gotothegovernmentwebsitetohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyear__________.(2019·全國Ⅰ)【答案】1.up2.over3.to4.with5.for6.in7.without8.off9.of10.roundⅣ.完成句子1.他們現(xiàn)在的生意幾乎是去年的兩倍。Theyarenowdoingalmosttwice_________________________________lastyear.2.我們的城市變得越來越干凈。Ourcitybecomes________________________________.3.據(jù)估計那些花瓶每個價值都超過2萬元。Thevases________________________________worthover$20，000each.4.這家商店與眾不同之處是它提供更多的個人服務(wù)。Whatmakesthisshopdifferentis________________________________.5.據(jù)估計，他們能在一周內(nèi)給我們答復(fù)。______________________theycangiveustheiranswerswithinaweek.【答案】1.asmuchbusinessastheywere2.cleanerandcleaner3.arebelievedtobe4.thatitoffersmorepersonalservices5.ItisestimatedthatⅤ.閱讀理解A(2020·江蘇鹽城高二下學(xué)期調(diào)研考試)Nanjingiswell-knownforitssleepytree-linedstreets,lakesideparksandlargeamountofgreenspacesonandaroundPurpleMountain.Butjusta45-minutebusridesouthtothecountyofLishui,visitorswillbesurroundedbymountainsfulloftealeafplantsandstrawberryfields.ThestrawberryfieldsareconcentratedinavalleyamongLishui'smountainscalledtheFujiabianStrawberryFields.Theteaandstrawberrypickingareaisgreatforafunfamilyday-tripwiththekids.Afterover10yearsofJiangnanrain,sunandhumidity(濕度),thefieldsofgreenhouseshavefirmlytakenroot.Lishuiholdsannualstrawberryfestivalstypicallyfromaroundmid-FebruaryuntiltheendofApril,thoughtheweathercanbeabitcoldandthefruitisnotyetripearoundthistime.ThebesttimetogoislateAprilandearlyMay,whenthestrawberriesareripebutthetemperatureinsidethegreenhousesisnotyetsweltering.IfyougofromJunetoAugust,thetemperaturewillbearound35degreesCelsiusinsidethegreenhouse.Allofthestrawberrygreenhousesarelocallyrunandopentothepublic.Ownersofmostgreenhouseswillgivestrawberrypickersamanageableboxwithhandlestofillwithstrawberries.Whenguestsarefinishedpickingberries,theboxisweighedandpaidforbyweight.Afullboxoffreshstrawberrieswillrunyouabout25－30RMB.Localfarmershavesetupmanysmallhome-cookingstylehallsandcafesbothonthemountainsideandamongthestrawberryfields.OneofthebestpartsofcountrysidetripsisalwaysthelocalfoodandthisareaofJiangsuisboundtoservelocalriverlong-fish,thebaseofyoungbambooplants,localpig'slegandstrawberryjuice.Cafesonthemountainwillalsoservethelocallygrownandfreshpickedtea.Add:FujiabianStrawberryFields,LishuiCounty,DajinshanScenicArea,NanjingOpeningtimes:Daylighthours,mid-FebruarythroughOctoberPrice:TicketstoFujiabianStrawberryGardencost22RMB.Gettingthere:FromZhonghuamensubwaystation,takeabustoLishui.Thebusticketcosts14RMB.TherearemanydriverswhowilltakeyoutoFujiabianStrawberryGardenfor5RMB.1.WhichofthefollowingislesswellknowninNanjing?A.Parksonthelakeside.B.Streetswithsleepytreesonbothsides.C.Ruralfarmingareas.D.GreenspacesaroundPurpleMountain.2.HowmuchshouldyouatleastpayfortwofullboxesoffreshstrawberriesifyoulivebesideZhonghuamensubwaystation?A.72RMB.B.88RMB.C.91RMB.D.110RMB.3.Visitorsaredefinitelyinterestedinthe________inthesmallhome-cookingstyle.A.localfoodB.thoughtfulservicesC.entertainmentfacilitiesD.advancedmanagement【答案及解析】這是江蘇省溧水傅家邊草莓園的一個推銷廣告。1．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，A、B、D三項都是非常著名的。2．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，一箱新鮮草莓至少需要25元；另外，從中華門動身的車費是：公交車14元，打的5元；另外還有22元的門票。注意：車費是往返的。3．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的Oneofthebestpartsofcountrysidetripsisalwaysthelocalfood可知答案。BABritishfriendtoldmehecouldn'tunderstandwhyChinesepeopleloveeatingsunflowerseeds(葵花子)asasnacksomuch.“I'vemetalotofolderChineseandmanyhaveacrackintheirfrontteeth;Ibelievethat'sfromcrackingtheseeds，”hesaid.Ihadnevernoticedthehabit,butoncehementionedit,Isuddenlybecamemoreaware.IrealizedthatwheneverI'mwatchingTVortypingareport,Ialwaysstartmindlesslycrackingsunflowerseeds.Myfrienddoesn'tlikesunflowerseeds,and,tohim,itseemsunnecessarytoworksohardjusttogetonesmallseed.Whenwewereyoung,thewholefamilywouldusuallygettogetherforChineseNewYear.Then,wealllivedclosetooneanother,usuallyinasmallcity,andsometimesevenneighborswouldgodoor-to-dooronChineseNewYear'sEvetocheckoutwhateveryhouseholdwasmaking.Iremembermyparentswouldbeinthekitchencooking.Inthelivingroom,alargetablewouldalreadybelaidout,completewithafancytablecloth,ready-madedumplingfillings,anddishesfullofcandy,fruitsandsunflowerseeds.Someofthedishesweretobeofferedtoourancestorslater,whileotherswereforneighborsandchildrentoeatbeforetheeveningfeast.Imusthavelearnedhowtocracksunflowerseedsbackthen.Idon'tthinkit'srighttocriticizeone'schoiceinfoodoreatinghabits,nomatterhowstrangetheymayseem.It'snotonlyinChina.WhenIwentabroad,Ifoundpeoplehadallsortsofstrangehabitswhenitcametofood.InDenmark,theyputsaltedredfishonbreadandeatitfordinner,nomatterhowmuchitruinstheirbreath.Theythinkit'sadelicacy,andit'sconnectedwiththeirculture.Ithinkit'sawonderfultradition.4.Whatdidthewriterbecomeawareof?A.Shehadevertypedareportaboutseeds.B.SheatevarioussnackswhilewatchingTV.C.Shehasahabitofcrackingsunflowerseeds.D.Shedamagedherteethbyeatingsunflowerseeds.5.WhatdoesthewriterprovebymentioningChineseNewYear?A.Thetraditionsofcelebratingitdisappear.B.Childrencaneatdeliciousfoodonthatday.C.Thefamilieswouldgettogetherforit.D.Eatingsunflowerseedsisrelatedtoit.6.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetoDenmark'swayofeatingbread?A.Acceptable.B.Critical.C.Neutral.D.Doubtful.7.Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Onekindoffooddoesn'tnecessarilysuiteveryone.B.Eatinghabitscomefromacertainculture.C.Itisgoodtoformhealthyeatinghabits.D.Changingyoureatinghabitswillchangeyourlife.【答案及解析】直到作者的英國朋友提到中國人都愛嗑瓜子，作者才意識到自己也是如此。作者把這個習(xí)慣歸結(jié)于中國春節(jié)文化，就像丹麥人吃面包喜歡加咸紅魚，每一個飲食習(xí)慣都與自己的文化有關(guān)。4．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ihadnevernoticedthehabit…startmindlesslycrackingsunflowerseeds.”可知，作者意識到自己有嗑瓜子的習(xí)慣，故選C。5．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四、第五段內(nèi)容可知，新年的時候會有很多美食，一些是供給祖先的，還有一些是給鄰居和小孩在晚餐前吃的，其中含有瓜子，作者因此學(xué)會了嗑瓜子，可見作者嗑瓜子和春節(jié)有關(guān)，故選D。6．A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ithinkit'sawonderfultradition.”可知，作者認(rèn)為丹麥人吃面包的方式是一個很棒的傳統(tǒng)，可見作者接受這種吃法，故選A。7．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theythinkit'sadelicacy，andit'sconnectedwiththeirculture.”可知，丹麥人認(rèn)為這樣吃面包是美味的，這和他們的文化有關(guān)，正如作者喜歡嗑瓜子和春節(jié)文化有關(guān)一樣，每一種飲食習(xí)慣都與自己的文化有關(guān)，故選B。Ⅵ.完形填空Foodhasalwaysbeenoneofthegreatestwantsofhumankind.Thesearchforfoodisthe__1__humanbehavior.Thus,__2__foodwereeasiertogetandprepare,itwouldbereallyhelpfulforhumankind.Itwouldreduceagreatburden(負(fù)擔(dān)).Thedevelopmentofprocessedfoods(加工食品)hasmadefoodeasiertogetandprepare.__3__everycoinhastwosides.Apartfromitsadvantages,the__4__ofcookingalsohasitsdisadvantages.Thoughprocessedfoodsseemlikeagreatwaytosave__5__，theyoffermuchlessnutritional(營養(yǎng)的)valuethantraditionalfoods.Peopletodayaresobusythattheyarenotabletospendenoughtimepreparingtheirfood.Asaresult,manypeople__6__toeatprocessedfoods,ready-to-cookmealsandvariousfastfoods.Butwhatwill__7__ifoneeatssuchfoodallyearround?Itwilldamageyourhealth.Thenutritionalvalueofthefoodisnotsohigh.Worsestill,researchshowsthatpreservatives(防腐劑)usedinthesefoodsare__8__tochildren.That'swhyhealthexpertswarnpeoplenottoeattoomuchofsuch__9__food.Besides,sincepeoplespendlittletimepreparingfood,thecultureofcookingisslowly__10__.Cookingisnotdonejusttosatisfyhunger；itisalsoa(n)__11__formofart.Acrosstheworld,therearethousandsof__12__cookingstyles.Ifyoungpeopleareusedtoprocessedfoods,fewofthemwilldevelopgreatcooking__13__.Andwhentheybecomeparents,itwillbehardfortheirchildrentoenjoya(n)__14__home-cookedmeal.What'smore,cookingisagreattimeforfamiliestoconnect.Thereisalotof__15__whenfamilymembersarepreparingfoodtogether.Inaword,Ibelievethoughprocessedfoodhasmadethepreparationoffoodmucheasier,ithasnotbeenagoodstepforhumankind.1.A.specialB.basicC.rightD.valuable2.A.thoughB.beforeC.ifD.unless3.A.SoB.AndC.ButD.Or4.A.easinessB.safetyC.methodD.difficulty5.A.energyB.foodC.moneyD.time6.A.chooseB.dislikeC.refuseD.stop7.A.changeB.happenC.getD.offer8.A.harmfulB.uselessC.meaningfulD.necessary9.A.coldB.sweetC.unhealthyD.hot10.A.varyingB.dyingC.appearingD.developing11.A.importantB.famousC.simpleD.new12.A.regularB.ordinaryC.differentD.similar13.A.knowledgeB.lessonsC.interestsD.skills14.A.deliciousB.cleanC.expensiveD.cheap15.A.successB.workC.progressD.fun【答案及解析】本文是一篇議論文。加工食物雖然省時省力，但是有害健康。1．B根據(jù)上一句中的“Foodhasalwaysbeenoneofthegreatestwantsofhumankind.”可知，食物是人類的“基本(basic)”需求。2．C如果食物更容易獲得和準(zhǔn)備，它將真正有助于人類。3．C上文中的“Itwouldreduceagreatburden(負(fù)擔(dān))．”與下文中的“cookingalsohasitsdisadvantages”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用“但是(But)”。4．A根據(jù)上文中的“foodwereeasiertoget”可知，烹飪的“容易(easiness)”也有缺點。5．D由常識可知，食用加工食物省“時間(time)”。6．A根據(jù)文中的“theyarenotabletospendenoughtimepreparingtheirfood”可知，現(xiàn)在的人忙得沒時間做飯，所以他們“選擇(choose)”加工食物。7．B根據(jù)下文中的“ifoneeatssuchfoodallyearround”可知，常年吃加工食物會“發(fā)生(happen)”什么呢？8．A見下題解析。9．C根據(jù)文中的“healthexpertswarnpeoplenottoeat”可知，防腐劑對兒童是“有害的(harmful)”，所以專家警告人們不要過多攝入這些“不健康的(unhealthy)”食物。10．B根據(jù)文中的“cultureofcooking”可知，人們花很少的時間準(zhǔn)備食物，所以飲食文化會慢慢“消失(dying)”。11．A根據(jù)上文中的“Cookingisnotdonejusttosatisfyhunger”可知，飲食是一種“重要的(important)”藝術(shù)形式。12．C根據(jù)上文中的“Acrosstheworld，therearethousandsof”可知，全世界有很多“不同的(different)”烹飪方式。13．D見下題解析。14．A根據(jù)上文中的“youngpeopleareusedtoprocessedfoods”可知，如果年輕人都習(xí)慣吃加工食物，就很少有人會提高他們的烹飪“技巧(skills)”，當(dāng)他們?yōu)槿烁改傅臅r候就很難給孩子做一頓“可口的(delicious)”飯菜。15．D根據(jù)上文中的“cookingisagreattimeforfamiliestoconnect”可知，烹飪是一個很好的家庭交流的機(jī)會，所以很“有趣(fun)”。Ⅶ.語法填空(2020·湖南十二校高二下學(xué)期期中)It1.__________(debate)foryears:Areeggsgoodorbadforyou?Peoplewhoeatanaddedthreeorfoureggsaweekor300milligramsofdietarycholesterol(膽固醇)perday,haveahigherriskofbothheartdiseaseandearlydeathcomparedwiththosewhoeat2.__________(few)eggs,newresearchfinds.“Eggs,3.__________(special)theyolk,areamajorsourceofdietarycholesterol，”wroteVictorZhong.In4.__________studypublishedFridayinthemedicaljournalJAMA5.__________therearemanyunexpectedreports,heandhiscolleaguesnotedthatasinglelargeeggcontainsabout186milligramsofcholesterol.Overthefollow-upperiod,atotalof5，600cardiovascular(心血管的)6.__________(event)occurred,including1，302fatalandnonfatalstrokes,1，897incidentsoffatalandnonfatalheart7.__________(fail)and113otherheartdiseasedeaths.Anadditional6，132participantsdiedofothercauses.8.__________(consume)anadditional300milligramsofdietarycholesterolperdaywasassociated9.__________a3.2%higherriskofheartdiseaseanda6.6%higherriskofearlydeath,Zhong'sanalysisofthedatashowed.“Eggsareanutritiousfood.Whilethisstudyfocusesontheamountwe'reeating,it'sjustasimportant10.__________(pay)attentiontohowtheeggsarecookedandtothetrimmingsthatcomewiththem，”saidTaylor,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.【答案及解析】本文是一篇說明文。一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與少吃雞蛋的人相比，每周多吃三四個雞蛋或每天攝入300毫克膽固醇的人患心臟病和早亡的風(fēng)險更高。1．hasbeendebated考查動詞時態(tài)。由formanyyears可知本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，單數(shù)主語it與謂語debate構(gòu)成被動，故填現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)hasbeendebated。2．fewer考查形容詞比較級。本句與上文的higher構(gòu)成對應(yīng)關(guān)系，故此處也需要形容詞比較級，故填fewer。3．specially考查副詞。此處表示“特別；尤其”，故填specially。4．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。study作“研究”講時為可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指“在一項研究中”應(yīng)用不定冠詞，故填a。5．where考查定語從句連接詞。本句為定語從句修飾先行詞medicaljournalJAMA且先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞where。6．events考查名詞的數(shù)。event為可數(shù)名詞，由5600修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式events。7．failure考查名詞。此處表示“心臟衰竭”，用名詞形式，故填failure。8．Consuming考查非謂語動詞。本句為動名詞短語作主語，表示“每天多攝入300毫克的膽固醇”，故填Consuming。9．with考查介詞。固定短語beassociatedwith“與……有關(guān)聯(lián)”，故填介詞with。10．topay考查非謂語動詞。本句已經(jīng)存在謂語動詞且句中沒有連詞，故pay只能作非謂語動詞，表目的用動詞不定式，故填topay。Ⅷ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Whetherwenoticeitornot,ourchildisalittlereflectionofourselves.Theygrowuplookingmoreandmorelikeus.Theyevenhavesimilarpersonalitiesandhobbies.Andinsomecases,thestandardofchoosingagoodfriend.Oneday,my10-year-oldJanesaid,“Mom,Imadeanewfriendatschooltoday.Canshecomeovertomorrow？”HerwordsmademeextremelyhappybecauseJanewasashygirlandIwantedhertomakesomefriendstobringheroutofhershell.“Sure,honey,thatsoundsgreat，”Isaid,thinkingbacktomyownchildhoodbestfriend,Susan.WelivedacrossthestreetfromeachotherinWashingtonHeights,NewYork.Wemetattheageof10,too.Likemydaughter,Iwasshyandhadtroublemakingfriends.ButSusandrewmeout.Shewasoneofthefriendliestpeopleinschool,withshinyblackhairandamile-widesmile.ThankstoSusan,Iwashappyeveryday.Inseniorhighschool,SusanwentonatriptoFlorida.Thiswasthefirsttimewehadtobeawayfromeachotherforafewdays.“I'llbebacksoonandIwillwritetoyouassoonasIarrive，”Shetoldme.ButIdidn'tgetherphonecallnorreceiveanymailfromher.Soon,myfamilymovedtoNewJersey,makingmyhopeofseeingSusanimpossible.WheneverIthoughtofher,tearscameintomyeyes.ThenextdayJanebroughthernewfriendhome.“Hi,Mrs.Smith，”thelittlegirlsaid.Herhairwassoshinyandblackandshegavemeabigsmile.“MynameisJo.Mymomwillpickmeuptwohourslater.”注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Iwaspuzzledbecausemyda