現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)講解及練習

現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)講解及練習一、現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成肯定句：主語+have/has+done過去分詞( )+其它HehaslivedinShenzhenfor4years.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+done過去分詞( )+其它HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?否定句:主語+have/has+not+done過去分詞()+其它Hehasnotfinishedhishomework.過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法如下:1.一般情況下，直接在動詞原形后面加–ed.workworkedansweransweredobeyobeyedwantwanted2.以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的動詞只加–d.Movemovedhopehopeddividedivided3.字尾是輔音+y的動詞。則將y改i加ed.studystudiedtidytidiedsatisfysatisfied4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，這些詞的末尾只有一個輔音字母時，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加–ed.stopstoppedregretregretteddropdropped不規(guī)則動詞過去式與過去分詞分類記憶表一、AAA.（原形，過去式和過去分詞一致）1.花費costcostcost割 cutcut cut傷害 hurthurt hurt讓 letlet let放 putput put朗讀 readread read設(shè)置 setset set打擊，碰撞hithit hit關(guān)上門窗 shutshut shut讓 letlet let二、ABB（過去式和過去分詞一致）1)過去式、過去分詞含有-ought帶來 bringbroughtbrought買 buy boughtbought打架 fightfoughtfought想 thinkthoughtthought尋找、seek soughtsought探究2)過去式、過去分詞含有-aught5.抓住catchcaughtcaught6.教teachtaughttaught3)過去式、過去分詞-t替換原形-d建筑 buildbuiltbuilt借出 lend lent lent花費spendspentspent10.派遣sendsentsent4)過去式、過去分詞在原形詞尾加t或d學會learn learnt/edlearnt/ed意思mean meant meant燃燒burn burnt/edburnted13.做夢dream dreamt/eddreamt/ed13.處理deal dealt dealt14.聽 hear heard heard5）過去式、過去分詞改為-ept保持 keep kept kept睡覺sleepsleptslept17.掃sweepsweptswept6）過去式、過去分詞改為-elt感覺feel felt fel嗅smellsmelt/edsmelt/ed20.拼寫spellspelt/edspelt/ed7)過去式、過去分詞改為-aid孵蛋 lay laid laid說 say said said現(xiàn)在完成時標志詞：recently;recentyears;thesedays/years;lately;since;for+時間段；inthepastfewyears;eversince;inthelastfivemonths;uptonow;sincethen;sofar;ever;never,yet;once;twice;already;before;jualready(已經(jīng)):用于肯定句Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.yet(已經(jīng)):用于否定句,疑問句Hehasn’tdonehishomeworkyet.just(剛剛)Theyhavejustleft.ever(曾經(jīng))HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?never(從不)Ihaveneverseenhim.before(以前)Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?since(自從…以來)I’veworkedintheschoolsince1999.for(長達)He’slivedinShepastseveraldays/weeks/years(在過去的…)recently(最近)Ihavenotwrittentomyparentsrecently.sofar(到目前為止)Sofarshehaslearned5Englishsongs.uptonow(到目前為止)thismorning/month/year(今天早上/這個月/今年)現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1)現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作,并對現(xiàn)在有影響。常與already(已經(jīng)),yet(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng))等詞連用.Already，yet的用法already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑問句尾.Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解書的內(nèi)容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干凈的)3)現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與for,since引導的時間短語或從句連用.since,for的用法:since:(自…以來)1)since+時間點Hehasstayedheresince5o’clock.2)since+時間段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+從句for:(長達）for+時間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.Haveyoustayedheresince3o’clock?四、have/hasbeento;have/hasgoneto;have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過某地，人已經(jīng)回來了have/hasgoneto去了某地，人還沒回來have/hasbeenin去了某地并一直待在那1.我去過上海。IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.2.WhereisJim？--HehasgonetoEngland．（尚未回來）3.IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears．我到上海已有三年了?，F(xiàn)在完成時的"完成用法"現(xiàn)在完成時的"完成用法"指的是動作發(fā)生在過去某一時刻并已結(jié)束，但該動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。例如：Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把燈關(guān)了。(動作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況--燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。)現(xiàn)在完成時"完成用法"的特點是動作不延續(xù)，因此，該時態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、頻度時間狀語(如：never，ever，once等)、包括現(xiàn)在時刻在內(nèi)的時間狀語(如：thismorning/month/year...，today等)連用。例如：Haveyoufoundyourpenyet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法"現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法"指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：Hehaslivedheresince1978/hemovedhere.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.我在部隊已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。(動作開始于5年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。)此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語(由since或for引導)，或表示與現(xiàn)在時刻相連的時間狀語(如：uptonow，sofar到目前為止)等。例如：Ihaveheardnothingfromhimuptonow.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。瞬間動詞不能和時間段連用，瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞：把動作換成狀態(tài)動作 狀態(tài) 動作 狀態(tài)die bedead begin beonborrow/buy kept/had end/finishbeoverleave beaway join beinarrive behere marry bemarried例如： 1.他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor2years.2.Nick參軍3年了.Nickhasbeeninthearmyfor3years3.他離開深圳好長時間了。HehasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.4.這本書我已借了4個月了Ihavehad/keptthebookfor4months.五、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語基本構(gòu)成是"助動詞have/has+過去分詞"。如：Thefilmstartedat7o'clock.Hehasbeenateacherformanyyears.一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,justnow,in2002等；而現(xiàn)在完成時則常與just,already,ever,never等副詞和thesedays,thisweek,since...,for.../since...ago/upt等表示onow/sofar一段時間的狀語連用。(3)一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。說話的側(cè)重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強調(diào)對"現(xiàn)在"產(chǎn)生的影響。如：HevisitedGuilinin1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。(只說明去桂林的時間)(4)現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時間狀語連用。如：Jillhasboughtanewcomputer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。(著重點是現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦)看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？(A)Haveyouseenthefilm?(B)Didyouseethefilm?[說明]你看過這部電影嗎？句強調(diào)的是被問者對劇情是否了解；句強調(diào)的是看這部電影的動作是否發(fā)生過，并不強調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。(A)HehaslivedinBeijingfor8years.(B)HelivedinBeijingfor8years.[說明]他在北京住了8年。句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會繼續(xù)在北京住下去。句講的是他在北京住過8年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。練習抄寫動詞以及過去式和過去分詞。be_______________-_________________come_______________-_________________go_______________-_________________do_______________-_________________have_______________-_________________drink_______________-_________________give_______________-_________________eat_______________-_________________know_______________-_________________run_______________-_________________11.say_______________-_________________see_______________-_________________find_______________-_________________draw_______________-_________________get_______________-_________________hear_______________-_________________begin_______________-_________________18.buy_______________-_________________19.leave_______________-_________________20become_______________-_________________21break_______________-_________________22bring_______________-_________________23build_______________-_________________24bite_______________-_________________catch_______________-_________________choose_______________-_________________cut_______________-_________________fall_______________-_________________fly_______________-_________________forget________________-_________________grow_______________-_________________32hit_______________-_________________33hurt_______________-_________________34keep_______________-_________________35lend_______________-_________________lose________________-_________________meet_______________-_________________38put_______________-_________________read_______________-_________________ring_______________-_________________用for或since填空Mr.BrownhashadhisTV________15years.I’vetakendrivinglessons_________lastmonth.Mysisterhashadhercellphone________amonth.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme___________mybirthday.Wehaven’tusedouar________alongtime.c Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_________years.Tomhaswornglasses_________hewas7yearsold.JillhasbeeninIreland_________Monday.Mr.JasonhasbeeninParis_______threedays.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia_______15days.Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_______7o’clock.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty______manyyears.Mikehasbeenill________alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.三、改寫句子，使原句的意思不變，每空一詞。1.TheEnglishprofessorarrivedhereaboutaweekagoTheEnglishprofessor______________________hereforaboutaweek.2.Herhusbandstartedtoworkonthefarmthreehoursago.Herhusband__________________________onthefarmforthreehours.TheFrenchmusiciancametoChinalastmonth,andheisstillhere.TheFrenchmusician_____________________________________Chinaforamonth.Hejoinedthearmyin1985.He________________________________thearmy__________1985.HejoinedtheLeaguehalfayearago.HehasbeenaLeague________________________halfayear.Thebusleftfiveminutesago.Thebus___________already_____________________forfiveminutes.ThegirlboughtanewschoolbaginSeptember.Thegirl_____________________theschoolbagsinceSeptember.Theshopclosedlastwinter.Theshop___________________________________sincelastwinter.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.Thefilm________________________________fortenminutes.10.Thedogdiedtwodaysago.Thedog____________________________________fortwodays.11.Themeetingendedlast____________month.Themeeting___________________________________foramonth.四、用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto填空：1.—Whereisyourbrother?—He____________theshop.He’llbebacksoon.—__________youever_________toAmerica?—Yes,I___________NewYorktwice.—Hereyouareatlast!Where_________you_________?—I_____________London.—David_______________Australia.—I’msurehe’salreadyarrived.—IsBennyhere?—No,he______________theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.五、用所給動詞的適當形式填空I_____________(wait)forhimfortwohours.Iamveryangry.He_________(be)adoctorsincehewastwenty.Thefilm__________(be)onforfifteenminutes.________youever________(read)thatbookbefore?________youever________(try)tochangeher?Noone_____________(arrive)hereyet.___________thebus____________(leave)yet?I_______________(nottalk)tohimyet.I___________already___________(make)thebed.They__________just____________(go).Theywillbebacksoon.When___________you____________(meet)him?Lastnightorthismorning?She______________(notcome)hererecently.She___________(neversee)themanbefore.I____________(meet)himbefore,butIforgethisname.Itiseleveno’clock.He______________(notcome)backyet.He_______________(write)fivestoriessofar.She______________(be)ateacherfortenyears,shelikesherjobverymuch.____________she_____________(call)onyoulately?選擇題1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.ever D.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygon10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecome D.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.will D.was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeenin