高二下學期英語期末考試試卷(附答案)

高二下學期英語期末考試試卷（附答案）一、閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）（共4題；共30分）1.閱讀理解

Weproduce500billionofplasticbagsinayearworldwideandtheyarethrownawaypollutingoceans,killingwildlifeandgettingdumpedinlandfillswheretheytakeupto1,000yearstodecompose.Researchershavebeenunsuccessfullylookingforasolution.

The16-year-oldCanadianhighschoolstudent,DanielBurd,fromWaterlooCollegiateInstitute,hasdiscoveredawaytomakeplasticbagsdegrade(降解)inasfewas3months,afindingthatwonhimfirstprizeattheCanadaWideScienceFair,a＄10,000prize,a＄20,000scholarship,andachancetorevolutionizeamajorenvironmentalissue.

Burd'sstrategywassimple:Sinceplasticdoeseventuallydegrade,itmustbeeatenbymicroorganisms(微生物)．Ifthosemicroorganismscouldbeidentified,wecouldputthemtoworkeatingtheplasticmuchfasterthanundernormalconditions.

Withthisgoalinmind,hegroundedplasticbagsintoapowderandconcocted(調(diào)制)asolutionofhouseholdchemicals,yeast(酵母)andtapwatertoencouragemicrobesgrowth．Thenheaddedtheplasticpowderandletthemicrobesworktheirmagicfor3months．Finally,hetestedtheresultingbacterialcultureonplasticbags,exposingoneplasticsampletodeadbacteriaasacontrol．Sureenough,theplasticexposed(暴露)tothelivebacteriawas17%lighterthanthecontrolaftersixweeks.

Theinputsarecheap,maintainingtherequiredtemperaturetakeslittleenergybecausemicrobesproduceheatastheywork,andtheonlyoutputsarewaterandtinylevelsofcarbondioxide.

“AlmosteveryweekIhavetodochoresandwhenIopentheclosetdoor,Ihavepilesofplasticbagsfallingontopofme．Oneday,IgottiredofitandIwantedtoknowwhatotherpeoplearedoingwiththeseplasticbags．Theanswer:notmuch．SoIdecidedtodosomethingmyself.”SaidDanielBurd.（1）DanielBurdwonfirstprizeattheCanada-WideScienceFairbecause________.A.hefoundawaytodegradeplasticsinshortertime

B.hecontributedmuchtoenvironmentalprotection

C.hefoundanewkindofmicroorganism

D.hecouldencouragemicrobegrowthinaneasierway（2）DanielBurdexposedoneplasticsampletodeadbacteriato________.A.makethelivebacteriaworkbetter

B.knowwhichbacteriaworkedfaster

C.testhoweffectivehismethodwas

D.controlthetemperatureintheprocess（3）Maintainingtherequiredtemperaturetakeslittleenergybecause________.A.plasticscangethoteasily

B.microbescanproduceheatthemselves

C.muchcarbondioxideisproduced

D.thetemperaturecanbecontrolled（4）DanielBurdgothisideafrom________.A.hisschooltextbookB.thefailureofresearchers

C.hiseverydayworkD.thepracticeofotherpeople2.閱讀理解

Forhoursaftertheirboatsank,KenHendersonandCoentrod(踏)waterintheGulfofMexico,talkingaboutlifeanddeathwhilestrugglingtosurvive.Formorethan30hours,itworked.

ThenHendersonwasforcedtomakeadecision.“I'mgoingtogoforhelporyou'renotgoingtomakeit,”HendersontoldCoen,justbeforecuttingthestrap(帶子)thatconnectedtheminthedeep,coldwaters.“Iunderstand,”Coenresponded,givingHendersonalastsetofinstructions,“Kissmybabiesforme.”

Daysafterthefishingtripendedintragedy,HendersontoldthestoryforTheAssociatedPress.

TheyhadbeenfishingforafewhourswhensuddenlyCoennoticedtheboatwasfillingwithwater.Hendersongotbothmotorsroaring,onlytohavethesaltwaterthathadleakedinbreakthemstraightaway…Coenjumpedtotheright,hissunglassesandcapflyingoff.Thetwograbbedextralifejacketsandotherfloatingitems,includingahalffullbottleofDietCoke.

“Thewaterwassocoldandittookyourbreathaway,”Hendersonsaid.Theyimmediatelybegantotremble.

Thepairpreparedforalongwait.Andtheytalked.“Wediscussedthingsanddiscussedlife.Wediscussedfamilies.Wejusttriedtokeepoccupied,”Hendersonsaid.

EventuallyCoenstartedhallucinating(有幻覺).HendersontriedtokeepCoen'sarmsandlegsmoving.Butasmorningcame,Coen'ssituationworsened.AndsoHendersondecidedtocutthestrap.

Heswamfortwohours,tired,frustratedanddepressed.Thenhesawanoilrig(鉆探平臺)inthedistance.Heswam,seeingiceandcrystaltreesinthewater.Heremindedhimselfconstantlytherewerenotrees.

Hislegswassoweakthathecouldbarelyliftthem.Hendersonslowlypulledhimselfuptherig'sladder.

Itwasover50milesfromwheretheyhadgoneinthewater.

AllhecouldthinkofwasCoen.Convincedhisfriendwouldsurvive,hetoldthecoastguardwheretheyhadparted.

Twohourslater,afishermanfoundabodyinalifejacket.

Later,inthehospital,Hendersonsawhisfriend.Heapologizedandaskedforforgiveness.Hepromisedtorealizehiswishesandlookafterhisgirls.

“Ifeltlikeapartofmehaddiedoutthere,”Hendersonsaid.（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothearticle?A.ItwasHendersonwhofirstnoticedsomethingwaswrongwiththeboat.

B.Everythingthemendidtogettheboattoworkmademattersworse.

C.Hendersonalonedidwhathecouldbutithadlittleeffect.

D.Themen'slongdiscussionaboutlifeanddeathfilledthemwithsadness.（2）AfterHendersoncutthestrapandswamaway,

.A.heregrettedhisdecisiontoleavehisfriend

B.heknewhehadagoodchanceofbeingsaved

C.hehadtofightagainstexhaustionandhallucinations

D.hegotencouragedbyrememberingthetalkwithCoen（3）Whatcanweconcludefromthearticle?A.Hendersontriedtorescuebothofthem.

B.Theykepttalkingbecausetheyfeltexcited.

C.Coenwouldhavesurvivedifhehadbelievedinhisfriend.

D.Coenwasunwillingtobeleftalonebutheeventuallyagreed.（4）WhatkindofpersonisHenderson?A.Strong-willedandloyal.B.Selfishbutdecisive.

C.Smartandcreative.D.Experiencedbutindifferent.3.閱讀理解

Bynow,you'veprobablybeenwarnedthatarobotiscomingforyourjob.Butratherthanrepeatthewarning,I'vedecidedtothrowdownachallenge:managainstmachine.

Startwiththetaskwe'redoingrightnow:communicatinginfluenthuman.We'resharingabstractideasthroughwordsthatwechoosewithanunderstandingoftheirslightdifferenceandimpact.Wedon'tjustspeakinhuman;wespeakashumans.Arobotwhosaysthatscienceisfunisdeliveringaline(念一句話).Ahumanwhosaysthatscienceisfunistellingyousomethingimportantaboutbeingalive.

Here'sanotherinbuiltadvantagewetakeforgranted:ashumanswearelimitedbydesign.Weareboundintime:wedie.Weareboundinspace:wecan'tbeinmorethanoneplaceatatime.ThatmeanswhenIspeaktoanaudience,Iamgivingthemsomethingspecial.It'sacustom-made,one-off,100%robot-freedelivery,fromtoday'sone-and-onlyAustralianChiefScientist.

True,Inowcomeindigitalversions,throughTwitterandFacebookandotherplatforms,buttheavailabilityofthosetoolshasn'tstoppedpeoplefrominvitingmetospeakinperson.DigitalAlanseemstoincreasetheappetiteforhumanAlan,justasSpotify(adigitalmusicservice)canincreasethedemandforamusician'sliveperformances.

Thankstotechnology,manygoodsandservicesarecheaper,betterandmoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.Welikeourmass-producedbread,andouron-taplecturesandourautomatedFitBitadvice.Butautomationhasn'tkilledtheartisanbakery(面包店).Onlinecourseshaven'tkilledthebooming,alongsidetheirmachineequivalents.

Here'sathirdargumentforthewin.Wehumanshavelearnedthehabitofcivilization.Letmeexplainthispointbyastory.Afewyearsgo,someresearcherssetouttostudythewaythepeopleinteractwithrobots.Theysentoutasmallrobottopatrol(巡邏)thelocalmall.Thatrobothadaterribletime,andthevillainsofthestorywerechildren.Theykickedhim,bulliedhim,andsmacked(掌擊)himinthehead.

Thepointisnotthatthechildrenwereviolent.Thepointisthattheadultswerenot.Theyrestrainedwhateverprimitiveimpulse(沖動)theymighthavefeltinchildhoodtosmacksomethingsmallerandweakerinthehead,becausetheyhadabsorbedthehabitoflivingtogether.Wecallitcivilization.Ifwewantartificialintelligenceforthepeople,we'llneedeverybitofthatcivilizinginstinct.

Together,thesepointssuggesttomethathumanityhasapowerfulcompetitiveedge.Wecancoexistwithourincreasinglycapablemachinesandwecanmakespaceforthefullbreadthofhumantalentstoflourish.（1）What'shumans'secondadvantageaccordingtotheauthor?A.Ourspecialpersonality.B.Oursuperintelligence.

C.Ouruniqueexistence.D.Ourlanguageability.（2）What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsSpotifyandFitBit?A.Negative.B.Doubtful.C.Grateful.D.Reserved.（3）Whydoestheauthortellthestoryofasmallrobot?A.Toprovehumansarewell-educated.

B.Toshowchildrenarenaughtyinnature.

C.Tosuggestmachineswillbecomeviolent.

D.Toindicatemachinescanservehumanswell.（4）What'stheauthor'sfinalconclusionabouthumansandmachines?A.Bothsideswouldbelosersinthefight.

B.Humanswillcompletelydefeatmachines.

C.Machineswillreplacehumansinmanyfields.

D.Humansandmachineswillliveinharmonywitheachother.4.閱讀理解

Oneofthemostfirmlyestablishedideaofmanlinessisthatarealmandoesn'tcry.Althoughhemightshedatearatafuneral,heisexpectedtoquicklyregaincontrol.Sobbingopenlyisforgirls.Onestudyfoundthatwomencrysignificantlymorethanmendo—fivetimesasoften,onaverage,andalmosttwiceaslongperperiod.

Historically,however,menroutinelywept,andnoonesawitasshameful.Forexample,intheMiddleAges,knightscriedpurelybecausetheymissedtheirgirlfriends.InTheKnightoftheCart,nolessaherothanLancelotweepsatabriefseparationfromGuinevere.There'snomentionofthemeninthesestoriestryingtorestrainorhidetheirtears.Theycryinacrowdedhallwiththeirheadsheldhigh.Nordotheircompanionsmakefunofthispubliccrying;it'suniversallyregardedasanadmirableexpressionoffeeling.

Sowheredidallthemaletearsgo?Themostobviouspossibilityisthatthisshiftistheresultofchangesaswemovedfromanagriculturalsocietytoonethatwasurban(城市的)andindustrial.IntheMiddleAges,mostpeoplespenttheirlivesamongthosetheyhadknownsincebirth.Ifmencried,theydidsowithpeoplewhowouldsympathize.Butfromthe18thto20thcenturies,thepopulationbecameincreasinglyurbanize,andpeoplewerelivinginthemidstofthousandsofstrangers.Furthermore,changesintheeconomyrequiredmentoworktogetherinfactoriesandofficeswhereemotionalexpressionsandevenprivateconversationswerediscouragedastimewasting.

Yethumanbeingsweren'tdesignedtoswallowtheiremotions,andthere'sreasontobelievethatholdingbacktearscanbeharmfultoyourwell-being.Researchfromthe1980shassuggestedarelationshipbetweenstress-relatedillnessesandinadequatecrying.Weepingisalso,somewhatrelatedwithhappinessandwealth.Countrieswherepeoplecrythemosttendtobericherandmoreconfident.（1）Inhistory,peopleconsideredit________formentocryinpublic.A.manlyB.acceptableC.shamefulD.ridiculous（2）Howdoestheauthoranswerthequestionraisedinparagraph3?A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Byexplainingeffects.

C.Byofferingdescriptions.D.Bygivingdefinitions(定義).（3）Whoislikelytobehealthieraccordingtothepassage?A.Tonywholivesaloneandseldomexpresseshimself.

B.Emilywhoisoutgoingbutsometimessobsinpublic.

C.Arthurwhoisundergreatstressbutnevershedatear.

D.Rebeccawhosometimescriesbutquicklyregaincontrol.二、任務型閱讀（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）（共1題；共10分）5.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

MaythefirstisanimportantdateinthecollegeadmissionprocessintheUnitedStates.Thisisthelastdayforhighschoolseniorstoacceptorrejectoffersofadmissioninthefall.Butaccordingtoarecentreport,thereisagreatchange.Acceptanceratesatthetopcollegesthisyearwerelowerthanever.________

Thesedays,collegeapplicantsareapplyingtomorecollegesbecauseonlineandcommonapplicationsmaketheprocesseasier.________Ontheotherhand,decidingstudentsfortopcollegestoacceptcanbedifficultbecauseittakesmuchtime.Studentsmaynotlikebeingputonwaitinglists.Also,commoncollegesworkmoretogetthestudentstheyaccepttoacceptthem.Somecollegesholdvisitingdaysthatofferachancetoattendclassesandstayovernight.Someuniversitiessendgifts.________

Formanyfamilies,themostimportantthingcollegescandoisshowthemthemoney,especiallythisyear;theweakeconomymakesparentsnervous.________Therecentproblemsthatspreadfromthehousingmarkettocreditmarketshaveevenaffectedstudent'sloans.Solately,topschoolshavetosparelotsofmoneytoincreasetheirfinancialaidforstudents.________TheEducationDepartmentexpectsthenumberofhighschoolgraduatestostarttogodown.Thiswillhappenasthelastofthechildrenofthebabyboomgenerationfinisheshighschool.Thenumberisnotexpectedtostartrisingagainuntil2019.A.Whatcontributestoit?B.Besides,topcollegesarefacingchangesinthepopulation.C.Butamistakecanbecostlyifithappens.D.Itcanmeanseveralacceptancestochoosefrom.E.TheyhaveinternationalstudentswhoknowEnglish.F.Buttopcollegesignorethem.G.Theycannotaffordcollegeasplanned.三、完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）（共1題；共30分）6.完形填空HonestThanks

Isatdownatmydeskandstartedwriting.Iwroteanemotionalletterofgratitude.Iputthenotecardintothe1,sealeditandstuckthestampsonit,butwhenitcametoactuallyplacingtheletterintothemailboxI2.

TheletterwastoaschoolmatewithwhomIkeptincontactvia（通過）Facebook3.Shehadinspiredmetolivea(n)4

life—forexample,by5

more.

Hervolunteereffortsweren't6—shewasn'tbuildingwellinUganda,but7shewasdoingsmall,localgooddeeds,suchasservingasacrossingguard.ThesewerethingsIcoulddo,too.Shemademe8

Icouldmakeadifferencehereathome.IfeltIshouldletherknowhowher9

positivelyinfluencedmylife.Icouldhaveeasilysentherane-mail,10

thatseemedabitlameforsuchanimportantthank-you.That'swhyIendedup11

theletter.ButnowIstoodbeforethemailbox,unabletoplacetheenvelopeinside.Whatwas12

me?Whywasthisso13

todo?IguessIfeltstrangebecauseitwasn'tlikeshewasmybestfriend,Ijustknewher.“peopledon't14

dothis,”Ithoughttomyself.However,15

thinkingitover,Istillfelta(n)16

toletherknowhowgratefulIwas.Finally,Iputtheenvelopeinthemailbox.

WeekslaterIreceivedherreply,shewas17

atoughtimeandmylettermeantthe18

toher.Shedidn'tknowshehadsucha(n)19

onothers.Notonlydidthislettermakeherhappy,butherresponsetoitincreasedmy20

ofhappiness.Idecidedtowriteagratitudelettertosomeoneeachmonth.Cultivating（培養(yǎng)）gratitudeisagreatskilltopractise.Lifeistooshortnottodoit.1.A.envelopeB.drawerC.handbagD.pocket2.A.sighedB.frozeC.shookD.smiled3.A.usuallyB.formallyC.occasionallyD.secretly4.A.differentB.hardC.optimisticD.rich5.A.enjoyingB.volunteeringC.exercisingD.traveling6.A.necessaryB.meaningfulC.ordinaryD.huge7.A.onceB.alsoC.stillD.instead8.A.acceptB.realizeC.admitD.prove9.A.wordsB.thoughtsC.exampleD.emotion10.A.andB.butC.soD.or11.A.editingB.receivingC.answeringD.handwriting12.A.stoppingB.forcingC.encouragingD.confusing13.A.boringB.pleasantC.hardD.cool14.A.finallyB.constantlyC.equallyD.normally15.A.untilB.afterC.whileD.before16.A.desireB.ambitionC.fearD.curiosity17.A.goingthroughB.goingforC.goingagainstD.goingover18.A.earthB.worldC.dreamD.future19.A.remarkB.honorC.influenceD.concern20.A.searchB.appreciationC.levelD.experience四、語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）（共1題；共15分）7.語法填空

Tomisaboywithphysical________（disable）andhecan'twalkas________normalboy.Inordertoofferhimmoreconvenience,hismotherboughthimarobot________

nameisJimmyyesterday.JimmyaccompaniesTomeverydayafterhisparentsleaveforwork,________（take）careofhim.Tomsuffersfromararedisease.Hecan'tstandup.

Instead,hehastositonanarmchairalltheday.JimmyshowssympathytoTomand________(try)hisbesttomakehimhappy.Somedaysago,hetookTomtothepark.Hetriedtoprotecthimfrom________(harm).HegaveTomencouragementtohaveatrytowalk.SoTom________

ButtoJimmy'sdisappointment,Tomfellontheground,causingsomeotherboysnearbytomakefun________

him.“Don'tlaughatthedisabled!”Jimmyturnedaround,warningthoseboys.Theyfeltsorryandranawayimmediately.Thenextday,JimmytookTomtotheparkonceagain.Thistime,Tomwas________

(adapt)tothecircumstanceanddidn'tfeelclumsyanylonger.Hegetsbackhisownconfidence________

heisstilladisabledboy.五、短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）（共1題；共10分）8.下面短文中有10處語言錯誤。請在有錯誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個單詞。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。注意：1）每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2）只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

Threeyearsago