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2021-2022年寧夏回族自治區(qū)中衛(wèi)市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級知識點(diǎn)匯總(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________
一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.TheLewisCenteratOberlinisanenergy-efficientbuildingandthemajorenergyresourceofitisfrom
2.
People'sconfidenceinreadingmightbedestroyedby______.
3.
AccordingtoPrivacyInternationalinLondon,whichwordcandescribeGoogle'sattitudetoprivacyexactly?
A.Confusing.B.Adorable.C.Hypocritical.D.Indifferent.
4.Whatdoes"elevatorspeech"refertointhispassage?
A.Thespeechthatisgiveninanelevator.
B.Ageneralexplanationforone'sjobloss.
C.Theformalspeechontopicofunemployment.
D.Adetaileddescriptionforthedownsizing.
5.Bluetooth
Whenyouusecomputers,entertainmentsystemsortelephones,thevariouspieces-andpartsofthesystemsmakeupacommunityofelectronicdevices.Thesedevicescommunicatewitheachotherusingavarietyofwires,cables,radiosignalsandinfraredlight(紅外線)beams,andanevengreatervarietyofconnectorsandplugs.
Theartofconnectingthingsisbecomingmoreandmorecomplexeveryday.AndBluetoothhasnowbecomeanewpopularmethodofconnectingdevicesthatcanstreamlinetheprocess.ABluetoothconnectioniswirelessandautomatic,andittakessmall-areanetworkingtothenextlevelbyremovingtheneedforuserinterventionandkeepingtransmissionpowerextremelylowtosavebatterypower.
BluetoothOperation
Bluetoothnetworkingtransmitsdatavialow-powerradiowaves.Itcommunicatesonafrequencyof2.45gigahertz(千兆赫)(actuallybetween2.402GHzand2.480GHz,tobeexact).Thisfrequencybandhasbeensetasidebyinternationalagreementfortheuseofindustrial,scientificandmedicaldevices(ISM).
Anumberofdevicesthatyoumayalreadyusetakeadvantageofthissameradio-frequencyband.Babymonitors(微型監(jiān)視器),garage-dooropenersandthenewestgenerationofcordlessphonesallmakeuseoffrequenciesintheISMband.
OneofthewaysBluetoothdevicesavoidinterferingwithothersystemsisbysendingoutveryweaksignalsofabout1milliwatt.Bycomparison,themostpowerfulcellphonescantransmitasignalof3watts.ThelowpowerlimitstherangeofaBluetoothdevicetoabout10meters(32feet),cuttingthechancesofinterferencebetweenyourcomputersystemandyourportabletelephoneortelevision.Evenwiththelowpower,Bluetoothdoesn'trequirelineofsightbetweencommunicatingdevices.Thewallsinyourhousewon'tstopaBluetoothsignal,makingthestandardusefulforcontrollingseveraldevicesindifferentrooms.
Bluetoothcanconnectuptoeightdevicessimultaneously.Withallofthosedevicesinthesame10-meter(32-foot)radius,youmightthinkthey'dinterferewithoneanother,butit'sun-likely.Bluetoothusesatechniquecalledspread-spectrum(擴(kuò)展頻譜)frequencythatmakesitrareformorethanonedevicetobetransmittingonthesamefrequencyatthesametime.Inthistechnique,adevicewilluse79individual,randomlychosenfrequencieswithinadesignatedrange,changingfromonetoanotheronaregularbasis.InthecaseofBluetooth,thetransmitterschangefrequencies1,600timeseverysecond,meaningthatmoredevicescanmakefulluseofalimitedsliceoftheradiospectrum.SinceeveryBluetoothtransmitterusesspread-spectrumtransmittingautomatically,it'sunlikelythattwotransmitterswillbeonthesamefrequencyatthesametime.ThissametechniqueminimizestheriskthatportablephonesorbabymonitorswilldisruptBluetoothdevices,sinceanyinterferenceonaparticularfrequencywilllastonlyatinyfractionofasecond.
Piconets(個(gè)人域網(wǎng)絡(luò))
Let'ssayyouhaveatypicalmodernlivingroomwiththetypicalmodernstuffinside.There'sanentertainmentsystemwithastereo,aDVDplayer,asatelliteTVreceiverandatelevision;there'salsoacordlesstelephoneandapersonalcomputer.EachofthesesystemsusesBluetooth,andeachformsitsownpiconettotalkbetweenthemainunitandperipheral(外圍設(shè)備).
ThecordlesstelephonehasoneBluetoothtransmitterinthebaseandanotherinthehandset.Themanufacturerhasprogrammedeachunitwithanaddressthatfallsintoarangeofad-dressesithasestablishedforaparticulartypeofdevice.Whenthebaseisfirstturnedon,itsendsradiosignalsaskingforaresponsefromanyunitswithanaddressinaparticularrange.Sincethehandsethasanaddressintherange,itresponds,andatinynetworkisformed.Now,evenifoneofthesedevicesshouldreceiveasignal
A.YB.NC.NG
6.Ifyonwanttoanswerthe12questionshonestly,youshouldknowwhatmakesyounotblindlyblameyourdepartmentfor______.
7.SomepeoplethoughtthatNASAactedouttheApolloprograminmoviestudiospartiallybecausethepicturestransmittedfromthemoondonotinclude______.
8.EMERYTOBIN:Pistol-Packin'Reformer
Ketchikanhashadmanynotablecitizensinthecity's102yearsofhistory,butperhapsnonestandsoutsoboldlyasthelateEmeryTobin,whodiedin1977atage81.HisrosterofactivitiesandaccomplishmentsinKetchikanislengthyandincrediblyvaried.HejoinedthenewlyfoundedAmericanLegionPost3in1921,becameamemberoftheChamberofCommercein1923,andwasachartermemberofKetchikanRotaryin1925.
Intheearly1920shealsowasanactiveleaderinKetchikan'sBoyScoutTroop#1,thefirsttroopinallofAlaska,antihewasavolunteerdramacoachforthehighschool'stheatricalproductions.HewaslaterafounderpluspublisherandeditoroftheAlaskaSportsmanmagazine,whichcontinuestodayasthenationallyknownAlaskaMagazine.
HismagazineofficeandhisAlaskaSpecialtiesnoveltyshopwerelocatedintheold1904YateshospitalonMissionStreet-nowtheSeamen'sCenter.
TheRainGaugethatstandsnexttotoday'svisitorbureauonthedockwasfirsterectedinfrontofTobin'sshop.HewasanavidboosteroftourismandsoldAlaskabooksandnoveltiesthroughadsinhisAlaskaSportsmanmagazine.
ButthosethingsarenotnecessarilywhatEmeryTobinisrememberedfor.Emery'sclaimtofameisthatheissaidtobethemanwhospearheadedtheclosureofthecity'sredlightdistrictsin1953,ending50yearsofopenlytoleratedprostitutioninKetchikan,Alaska!Hebecameaherotosomeandanarchvillaintoothers.ItwasduringthatcontentiouscrusadethatEmerykeptapistolathandonhisdesk.
AlthoughheservedinFranceinWorldWarⅠ,Emerywasnotamanonewouldeverconnectwithafirearm.Hewasnottall,hebadaratherhighvoiceandaBostonareaaccentheneverlost,whichmadeanRsoundlikeaW—somepeoplethoughtitwasalisp.Hespokerapidlyandwithgreatassurance.Evenafterhishairturnedwhite,hestillhadthickblackeyebrowsonabrowridgethatmadesmilesthatblossomedonhisfaceseemclosertofrowns.WhenhewalkedwithhisrapidgaitdownKetchikan'swetandbreezystreets,headbentandhandsinpockets,heappearedtobebuckingapowerfulheadwind.
EvenintohissixtiesEmerywasfearless.WhenayoungmanshopliftedsomethinganddepartedrunningfromEmery'sAlaskaSpecialtiesshoponMissionStreet,Emerytookoffafterhim,legsandarmspumping.HetackledthemiscreanttothewetsidewalkinfrontoftheentrancetoSt.John'sChurchandpinnedhimthereuntilhelparrived.SomeofEmeryTobin'sspiritanddeterminationmusthavecomedirectlyfromhisfather.
EmeryFridolfTobinwasborntoAugustandEmmaTobin,Swedishimmigrants,onDec.14,1895,inQuincy,Mass.,tenmilessouthofBoston.AugustTobinwasapaintingcontractor,workingfortheschooldistrict.ThegreatDepressionof1893hadaffectedeveryone.Tobin'scustomersownedhimmoneyandTobinowedmoneytohisowncreditors.Timeswerehard.
TwoyearsafterEmery'sbirth,in1897,newsoftheKlondikeGoldRushcircledtheglobe,andamongthoseinfectedwithgoldfeverwereAugustTobinandhisbrother-in-law-Emma'sbrother.Thetwocoupleswerecloseandhadbeenmarriedatadoublewedding.Eachlittlefamilyhadtwochildren-theeldestofthefourbabiesnotyettwoyearsold.Thetwofathersdecidedthatonewouldhavetostayandcareforbothwivesandallfourchildren;theotherwouldgotoAlaska,makeafortuneandreturninayeartoQuincy.Atleastthatwastheplan.SothemendrewstrawsandAugustdrewthelongstrawforAlaska.Emerylovedtotellthisstory.Hewouldleanbackinhissqueakyoakdeskchairandhisfacewasallsmilesasherelatedhisfamily'shistory.
Emery'slatherwaslongonconfidencebutshortonmoneytogethimselftoSeattle,muchlessallthewayto
A.YB.NC.NG
9.
Stranglersaresocalledbecausethey______byblockingthesunlightandcompetingforthenutrients.
10.
ComparedwiththeirdisplacedcounterpartsinPeru,thesituationoftheinternallydisplacedpersonsinColombiais______.
11.
AccordingtoEkman,thefurrowednosemostprobablymeans______.
12.
Iftheagesofthesiblingsarecloser,theyoungeronesintendtoresistthehabitsintroducedbytheolderones.
A.YB.NC.NG
13.
IntheU.S.,theamountofindoorwaterusesurpassestheamountofoutdoorwateruse.
A.YB.NC.NG
14.
AccordingtoHawkins,computerswillfadetothebackgroundbecausecellphonesare______devices.
15.
Inthispassage,theauthorprovidesuswitheffectivewaystocopewithdifferenttypesoflies.
A.YB.NC.NG
16.
Ofallpeoplearoundtheworld,competitivenessisprizedhighestby______.
17.
Theincreasinglengthofnightisthemoststablefactoramongalltheenvironmentalinfluencesonleaveschange.
A.YB.NC.NG
18.
Tospacebiologists,thetropicsareeithercradlesofdiversityor______.
19.
WidelyusingPrEPsmaycausepotentialproblemslikeethicalissuesand________________.
20.
Thosewho______atpartiesnotonlyspoiltheirimagebuttheirdrunkenbehavior.couldendangerthesafetyoftheirownaswellasothers'.
二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.
(12)
A.Shedoesn'twanttogooutwiththeman.
B.Shewillgoiftheysharetheexpenseforthedinner.
C.Shecan'tgobecauseshewillgoabroadtonight.
D.Sheasksthemantogoabroadwithher.
22.聽力原文:M:Andnow,Mrs.Smith,canyoutelluswhathappenedatyourapartmentwhentheearthquakeended?
W:Oh,itwasterrible.I'llneverforgetit.Well,JackandIalwaysgetupataboutaquartertofive.Hehastoworkearly.Yousee,whileIwasinthekitchenpreparingbreakfast,thequakecame.Therewasthishorriblesoundandthefloorwasjustbouncingandrollinglikewave,allatthesametime.
M:Thenwhatdidyoudo?
W:Well,wefigureoutitwasanearthquake.ThenIcrawledunderthetable,andIshoutedatJacktocome.Buthejuststoodthere.
M:Whoa!
W:Itlasted24seconds,andthenitstopped.AndJackandIcouldhearpeopletalkingoutside,sowetriedtogoouttothefrontdoor,butitwasjammedshut.Andthenthefirstaftershockhit.
M:That'sincredible.Thenwhatdidyouguysdo?
W:Well,Irememberthatsomeoneshouted,"Getoutofthere,quickly!"Jacksaid:"Well,gooutofthewindow."ButIcalledout:"It'stoohighup,"becausewewerelivingonthesecondfloor."Notanymore,"Jackshoutedback.So,welookedoutofthewindowand,sureenough,weweredownontheground!
M:Yoursecondfloorapartmentwasontheground?
W:Wecouldn'tbelieveit.Weopenedthewindowandcrawledout.Onceweweredownsafely,weturnedaroundandlookedbackatourapartmentbuilding.Thewholefirstwasgone--itwasjusttotallyflattened.
M:Mrs.Smith.Doyoumeanthatthewholefirstfloorwasgone?
W:Yes,thefirstfloorwasgone.
M:Andwhataboutyourapartment?
W:Theapartment--canyoubelieveit?Hadmovedandstoodthere.
M:Incredible,Mrs.Smith,absolutelyincredible.
(23)
A.5:15.B.4:45.C.5:45.D.4:15.
23.聽力原文:W:Hi,Morris.Anylucktoday?
M:No,nothing.I'vetriedtheshops,thesupermarketsandtherestaurants,butnoluckforme.Ihopemylastchancewilllieinthosecabcompanies.
Q:Whathasthemanbeendoing?
(13)
A.Hehasbeenshoppingaround.
B.Hehasbeenlookingforajob.
C.Hehasbeendininginarestaurant.
D.Hehasbeendrivingthecab.
24.(30)
A.Iftheydon'tinvolveanyrisks.
B.Iftheyproducepredictablesideeffects.
C.Whentheurgentneedforthemarises.
D.Whentestsshowthattheyarerelativelysafe.
25.(31)
A.Henryfooledthemanintobringingthebookstohishouse.
B.Henryboughtthemfromthefirstvisitor.
C.ThepolicefoundthemandgavethemtoHenry.
D.Henrygotthembackwiththehelpofthepolice.
26.
【B4】
27.(34)
A.TheoneinAlaska
B.TheoneinAlabama.
C.TheoneinSanFrancisco
D.TheoneinLosAngeles.
28.(25)
A.Graduateschoolapplicationprocedures.
B.Fundingforuniversityeducation.
C.Winningtheconfidenceofvoters.
D.Preparingforanimportanttest.
29.
【B10】
30.聽力原文:AbrahamLincolnwasborninalongcabininKentuckyonFebruary12,1809.Whenhewasasmallboy,hisfamilymovedtothefrontierofIndiana.Here,hismothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.Lincolnhadverylittleformaleducation,buthebecameoneofthebest-educatedmenoftheGreatWest.
WhenLincolnwasayoungman,hisfamilymovedtothenewstateofIllinois.Lincolnhadtoearnalivingatanearlyage,butinhisleisuretimehestudiedlaw.HesoonbecameoneofthebestknownlawyersinthestatecapitalatSpringfield,Illinois.ItwasherethatLincolnbecamefamousforhisdebateswithStephenA.Douglasonthesubjectofslavery.
In1860,LincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUnitedStates.HewasthecandidateofthenewRepublicanParty.Thispartyopposedthecreationofnewslavestates.Soonofterhiselection,someofthesouthernstateswithdrewfromtheUnionandsetuptheConfederateStatesofAmerica.ThisactionbroughtontheterribleCivilWar,whichlastedfrom1861to1865.
OnJanuary1,1863,duringthewar,LincolnissuedhisfamousEmancipationProclamation.InthisdocumentLincolnproclaimedthatalltheslavesinthesecedingstatesweretobefreeofthatdate.In1865,afterthewarended,theThirteenAmendmentwasaddedtotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates.ThisamendmentputanendtoslaveryeverywhereintheUnitedStates.
Earlyin1865,theCivilWarcametoanendwiththedefeatoftheSouthbytheNorth.Onlyafewdaysaftertheendofthewar,LincolnwasshotbyanactornamedJohn.WilesBooth.ThePresidentdiedonApril14,1865.Inhisdeath,theworldlostoneofthegreatestmenofalltime.
(33)
A.In1809.B.In1863.C.In1865.D.In1860.
31.
【B2】
32.(39)
33.(36)
A.Thefivequestionswerenotwelldesigned.
B.Notallthequestionnaireswerereturned.
C.Onlyasmallnumberofstudentsweresurveyed.
D.Someoftheanswerstothequestionnairewerenotvalid.
34.(29)
A.TheBattleinSouthCarolina.
B.TheBattleinnorthernPennsylvania.
C.TheBattleinGettysburg.
D.TheBattleinNorthCarolina.
35.
【B6】
36.(22)
A.Usethemedialikeinternetandconference.
B.Treatthecustomersaswellastheboss.
C.Putsomepersonalinsightintothebrand.
D.Differentiatethebrand.
37.(16)
A.Sheisstubborn.
B.Sheislonely.
C.Sheisnoteasy-going.
D.Sheishopeless.
38.聽力原文:M:I'vejustfoundthemostusefuldeviceatthatnewoutdoorstore,awaterpurifier.
W:Awaterpurifier!Youwanttocarryevenmoreequipmentwithyouonourhikingtrips?
M:Ifitislightweightandsaveswork--yes!Andthisonefitsthatdescription.
W:Really?Ibetittakesupalotofroom.
M:Notatall.It'sastraw,muchliketheonesyouusetodrinkasodaoramilkshake.
W:Really?That'ssmall.
M:It'splasticandhasaseriesofmineralandchemicalfiltersthatstrainharmfulmicrobesfromwater.
W:Yes,buthowgoodajobcanitdofilteringthegermsoutofstagnantpondwater,orwaterfromlakesandstreams?
M:It'sfantastic.Itmakesthewaterentirelygerm-free.
W:Butwhataboutsaltorchemicalpollutants?Doesitcleanthemout?
M:No,itdoesn'tremovesaltandchemicals.Butthesearereallynotmajorconcernswhenwe'reouthikingandcamping.
W:Hm...Howlongwillastrawlast?
M:Forabout100gallons.Butdon'tworryaboutmeasuringthatlargeamountofwater.Thereisabuilt-insafetyfeature.Themineralandchemicalfiltersbecomecloggedlongbeforethelimitisreached,andthestrawthenstopsdrawingwater.
W:IthinkI'llgoandgetoneformycampingtripthisweekend.
(20)
A.Smallandlightweight.
B.Solidandheavy.
C.Bulkybutweightless.
D.Largebutnecessary.
39.聽力原文:M:Thebellwillringintwominutes,butI'dliketogetsomethingtodrinkbeforethelecturebegins.
W:Shallwetakeourseatsnow?Youcangetsomelater.
Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthattheyshoulddo?
(17)
A.Waitforthelecturetobegin.
B.Goimmediatelytotheirseats.
C.Getsomethingtodrinkfirst.
D.Sitdownandenjoythelecture.
40.(21)
A.Salt.B.Chemicalpollutants.C.Germs.D.Minerals.
三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.
Theauthorseemstobelievethatevenintheabsenceofcreditcards,somepeoplewouldundoubtedly______.
42.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.
Thediscoverythatlanguagecanbeabarriertocommunicationisquicklymadebyallwhotravel,study,governorsell.Whethertheactivityistourism,research,government,policing,businessordatadissemination,thelackofacommonlanguagecanseverelyimpedeprogressorcanhaltitaltogether.
Althoughcommunicationproblemsofthiskindmusthappenthousandsoftimeseachday,veryfewbecomepublicknowledge.Publicitycomesonlywhenafailuretocommunicatehasmajorconsequences,suchasstrikes,lostorders,legalproblemsorfatalaccidents--even,attimes,war.Onereportedinstanceofcommunicationfailuretookplacein1970,whenseveralAmericansateaspeciesofpoisonousmushroom.Noremedywasknown,andtwoofthepeoplediedwithindays.Aradioreportofthecasewasheardbyachemistwhoknewofatreatmentthathadbeensuccessfullyusedin1959andpublishedin1963.WhyhadtheAmericandoctorsnotheardofitsevenyearslater?PresumablybecausethereportofthetreatmenthadbeenpublishedonlyinjournalswritteninEuropeanlanguagesotherthanEnglish.
Severalcomparablecaseshavebeenreported.Butisolatedexamplesdonotgiveanimpressionofthesizeoftheproblem--somethingthatcancomeonlyfromstudiesoftheuseoravoidanceofforeign-languagematerialsandcontactsindifferentcommunicativesituations.IntheEnglish-speakingscientificworld,forexample,surveysofbooksanddocumentsconsultedinlibrariesandotherinformationagencieshaveshownthatverylittleforeign-languagematerialiseverconsulted.Libraryrequestsinthefieldofscienceandtechnologyshowedthatonly13percentwereforforeignlanguageperiodicals.
Thelanguagebarrierpresentsitselfinstarkform.tofirmswhowishtomarkettheirproductsinothercountries.Britishindustry,inparticular,hasinrecentdecadesoftenbeencriticizedforitslinguisticinsularityforitsassumptionthatforeignbuyerswillbehappytocommunicateinEnglish,andthatawarenessofotherlanguagesisnotthereforespriority.Inthe1960s,overtwo-thirdsofBritishfirmsdealingwithnon-English-speakingcustomerswereusingEnglishforoutgoingcorrespondence;manyhadtheirsalesliteratureonlyinEnglish;andasmanyas40percentemployedno-oneabletocommunicateinthecustomer'slanguages.AsimilarproblemwasidentifiedinotherEnglish-speakingcountries,notablytheUSA,AustraliaandNewZealand.Andnon-Englishspeakingcountrieswerebynomeansexempt--althoughthewidespreaduseofEnglishasanalternativelanguagemadethemlessopentothechargeofinsularity.
Thecriticismandpublicitygiventothisproblemsincethe1960sseemstohavegreatlyimprovedthesituation.Industrialtrainingschemeshavepromotedanincreaseinlinguisticandculturalawareness.Manyfirmsnowhavetheirowntranslationservices.Somefirmsrunpart-timelanguagecoursesinthelanguagesofthecountrieswithwhichtheyaremostinvolved;someproducetheirowntechnicalglossaries,toensureconsistencywhenmaterialisbeingtranslated.Itisnowmuchmorereadilyappreciatedthatmarketingeffortscanbedelayed,damagedordisruptedbyafailuretotakeaccountofthelinguisticneedsofthecustomer.
Languageproblemsmaycometotheattentionofthepublicwhentheyhave______suchasfatalaccidentsorsocialproblems.
43.Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat______.
A.rewardsarehighlyeffectiveinAmerica
B.rewardsarenotmuchsought-afterinacademiccircles
C.rewardshavelonglosttheirappealinAmericansociety
D.Americansareaddictedtorewards
44.Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossiblesupposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).
Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientist
continuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited(使不相信).Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.
Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.
Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes—forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.
Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.
Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit______.
A.classifiedknowledge
B.thestudyofunrelatedfields
C.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects
D.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena
45.
Accordingtothepassage,
A.theproblemofstudentcheatinghasitsrootsindeeperproblems
B.studentsdonotcheatonessaytests
C.achangeintheeducationalsystemwilleliminatetheneedtocheat
D.punishmentisaneffectivemethodofstoppingcheating
46.
WhichofthefollowingaboutnewspaperadsisNOTtrue?
A.Newspaperadstellpeoplesalesinformation.
B.Newspaperadscanmakeaproductfamous.
C.Localbusinessprefersnewspaperads.
D.Newspaperadsattractcustomermost.
47.SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.
Mountingevidencehasledastronomerstojustsuchanimprobableconclusion,atleast90percentandpossibly99percentofallmatterintheuniverseiscompletelyinvisible.Astronomerscallthisinvisiblestuffdarkmatter.
Anastronomerfirstreportedtheinvisiblematterafternotingsomeunusualbehavior.invisiblematter.In1993,SwissastrophysicistFritzZwickyobservedthatgalaxiesinaclusterofgalaxiestravelledathigherspeedsthanexpected.Heconcludedthatsomethingwascausingstrangegravitationaleffectsonthesegalaxies.
Galaxiesarelikevastislandsindeepspacecontainingbillionsofstarsthatareheldtogetherbytheforceofgravity.Somegalaxiesarepartoflargersystemscalledclusters,whichcontainmanygalaxies.Mostgalaxies,however,belongtosmallersystemscalledgroups.Groupsandclustersinturnform.evenlargerstructuresknownassuperclusters.Justastheforceofgravitykeepsstarstogetheringalaxies,sotheforceofgravityappearstokeepgalaxiestogetherinclusters.
Thissameforceofgravitykeepsplanetsorbitingaroundthesun,ratherthanflyingoffintospace.Howgreataforcegravityexertsdependsonthemassoftheobjectsattractedandthedistancebetweenthem,aprinciplediscoveredbyNewton.Theamountofmassandthedistancebetweenobjectsalsodeterminehowfasttheobjectstravelastheyorbiteachother.Forexample,inoursolarsystem,thesunisthemostmassiveobject,makingupabout99.9percentofthemassofthesolarsystem,andtheforceofitsgravitykeepsEarthandtheotherplanetsinorbitaroundit.Theorbitalspeedsoftheplanetsdeclinewithincreasingdistancefromthesun.Theplanetnearesttothesun,Mercury,travelsatanorbitalspeedof48kilometerspersecond,whilethedistantplanetPlutoorbitsatspeedof4.7kilometerspersecond
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