初中英語語法學(xué)習(xí)之倒裝句用法解析與考點分析

初中英語語法學(xué)習(xí)之倒裝句用法解析與考點分析1.倒裝概念：通常英語句子中的主語是在謂語動詞之前，這種語序稱為自然語序;反之，如果謂語動詞在主語之前，這種語序就稱為倒裝語序。倒裝語序又分為部分倒裝(即把謂語動詞的助動詞移至主語之前)和全部倒裝(即把整個謂語動詞置于主語之前)。2.倒裝分類：1)全部倒裝(1)there引出的完全倒裝句：除了最常見的therebe句型以外，there還可以接appeartobe,happentobe,seemtobe,exist,lie,remain,stand等，一般都譯成“有”，構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。如：Thereseemstobenoneedtogonow.Longlongago,therelivedaking.(2)here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置于句首，謂語動詞是be,come,go,lie,run時，用全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Theregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.(3)當(dāng)表示趨向或地點的狀語置于句首，且謂語是表示運(yùn)動的動詞時，用全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語如果是人稱代詞時，則不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.(4)為了句子平衡或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一成分，有時將表語置于句首而使用全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Gonearethedayswhenwelivedinthecountryside.PresentatthemeetingaremyfriendsfromSouthAmerica.2)部分倒裝(1)在so(肯定句)，neither和nor(否定句)引起的句子中，表示前面的情況也適用于另一人或物時，用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Iwentthereyesterday.Sodidhe.Tomdoesn'tlikebananas.Neither(Nor)doI.但如果只是重復(fù)前面一句話的意思，主語指的是同一人或物，則不用倒裝。如：—Itwascoldyesterday.—Soitwas.(2)“only+狀語”位于句首被強(qiáng)調(diào)時，用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，如果only強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語從句，要倒裝主句，而非從句。如：Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.Onlywhenthewarwasovercouldhegoonstudying.(3)否定謂語的副詞或?qū)嶋H否定謂語的不定代詞位于句首，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,rarely,scarcely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,noone,none,few或?qū)嶋H否定謂語的介詞短語位于句首，如innoway,onnoaccount,atnotime,innocase,bynomeans,notuntil等，句子用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：NeverinmylifehaveIheardsuchathing.AtnotimeandundernocircumstanceswillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.在任何時間或情況下中國都不會首先使用核武器。LittledoIknowabouthim.Notuntilthendidhecomeandhelp.Nobodywillheturntoforhelp.注意：①否定介詞短語如果實際不是否定謂語，則不能倒裝。如：Innotime(=verysoon)hewillbeback.②Notuntil后跟狀語從句時，需要倒裝的是主句。如：Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.(4)當(dāng)句子以notonly…butalso,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely…when結(jié)構(gòu)中連接的是兩個分句時，notonly/nosooner/hardly/scarcely后的分句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Hardly/Scarcelyhadhegotonthebuswhenheheardashout.NosoonerhadIgonetosleepthanthetelephonerang.Notonlydidhebuyabikeformebuthealsosentittomyhouse.(5)在so(such)…that結(jié)構(gòu)中，so或such位于句首時，其所在分句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Soangrywashethathecouldn'tspeak.SofastdidherunthatIcouldhardlycatchupwithhim.(6)非真實條件句中，ifsb/sthshoulddo/were(todo)/haddone可以倒裝成shouldsb/sthdo,weresb/sth…,hadsb/sthdone。如：HadIbeenlessbusy,Icouldhavehelpedyou.Shouldtheweatherbecomeworse,Iwouldstayathome.WereIaman,Iwouldhavebiggerambitions.3.練習(xí)1)更正下列句子語序錯誤：(1)Outthechildrenrushed.(Outrushedthechildren!)(2)Look!Herethebuscomes!(Herecomesthebus!)(3)Sobusysheisthatshehasnotimetospare.(So…isshethat…)(4)Heisnotcoming.NeitherIam.(NeitheramI.)(5)Fewfriendshehasinthetown.(Fewfriendsdoeshehave…)(6)Innocasewewillgiveupourefforts.(Innocasewillwegive…)(7)WithnobodyhelpingarounddidIstillmanagetogetstuckcarmovingt.(…Istillmanaged…)(8)NotuntildidIwakeupIfoundhimgone.(NotuntilIwokeupdidIfindhimgone.)(9)OnlywherearethereChinesetheycanfindhelp.(OnlywherethereareChinesecantheyfind…)(10)BetweenBritainandIrelandliesit.(Between…itlies.)1.BythesideoftheBird’sNest________，completedin2008.A.therestandingtheWaterCubeB.doestheWaterCubestandC.theWaterCubestandsD.standstheWaterCube解析：考查倒裝。由于地點狀語前置，句子應(yīng)采用全部倒裝語序，即把整個謂語放在主語之前。語境為：鳥巢的旁邊就是2008年建成的水立方?！敬鸢浮緿2.Manypeopleagreethatneverinhistory________amoresplendidopeningceremonythanthatoftheBeijingOlympics.A.therewereB.hastherebeenC.therehasbeenD.werethere解析：考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。在從句中，否定副詞never置于句首，所以要用部分倒裝?！敬鸢浮緽3.Notasingleword________whenhelefthomeandjoinedthearmyin1941.A.didheleaveB.leftheC.didleaveheD.heleft解析：考查倒裝語序。notasingleword位于句首時，句子的主語與謂語應(yīng)該使用部分倒裝語序?！敬鸢浮緼4.Wemustapplywhatwehavelearnedtoourdailyworkbecauseinnocase________frompractice.A.shouldtheoryseparateB.shouldtheorybeseparatedC.theoryshouldseparateD.theoryshouldbeseparated解析：考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。從innocase可知，后面的句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝，同時theory和separate為動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動結(jié)構(gòu)，故選B項?！敬鸢浮緽5.—CanIsmokehere?—No.Innocircumstances________inthelibrary.A.smokingpermitsB.smokingispermittedC.doessmokingpermitD.issmokingpermitted解析：考查倒裝句。innocircumstances表示否定，意思是“決不，在任何情況下都不”，放在句首時，句子要倒裝，由此排除A、B兩項;根據(jù)句意可知，permit應(yīng)該用于被動語態(tài)，所以D項正確。【答案】D6.Onlywhenclassbegan________thathehadlefthisbookathome.A.willherealizeB.hedidrealizeC.didherealizeD.shouldherealize解析：考查倒裝句，當(dāng)only+狀語位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝形式。【答案】C7.Little________aboutH1N1sofar，sothereisnodoubtthatmanypeopleareafraidwhentalkingaboutthedisease.A.didscientistsknownB.scientistshaveknownC.havescientistsknownD.hadscientistsknown解析：本題考查時態(tài)和倒裝。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞sofar，可以確定用現(xiàn)在完成時，故排除A、D兩項;little表示否定，放句首要倒裝?！敬鸢浮緾8.“Bynomeans，”declaredthecaptain.“________givewaytodisappointment.”A.wewouldB.wewillC.mightweD.shallwe解析：考查倒裝句型。bynomeans位于句首句子要倒裝，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該用shallwe?！敬鸢浮緿9.---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?---Idon\'tknow,_____.A.nordon\'tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon\'tcareneitherD.Idon\'tcarealso解析：nor為增補(bǔ)意思\"也不關(guān)心\"，因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯在用don\'t再次否定，Cneither用法不對且缺乏連詞。D缺乏連詞。【答案