將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)方式

Unit3TravelJournal(Grammar)——將來(lái)時(shí)的六種表達(dá)法will/shalldo(will可用于第一、二、三人稱，shall只用于第一人稱)這種將來(lái)意義常常夾雜著情態(tài)意義，即帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀態(tài)度和看法。e.g.Youwillfailthetestifyoudon’tworkhard.有時(shí)既表示將來(lái)，也含有“意愿”或“意圖”。e.g.Iwillmeetyouat6o’clock.在疑問(wèn)句中will/shall還可用來(lái)征詢聽(tīng)話人的“意圖”。e.g.Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?---Willyoumarryme?---Yes,Iwill.begoingtodo表示“意圖”，即打算在將來(lái)做某事。e.g.I’mgoingtoplaybasketballafterschool.Theyaregoingtomarrynextmonth.I’mgoingtobeadoctor.表示“預(yù)見(jiàn)”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明要發(fā)生某種情況。e.g.Theskyissodark.It’sgoingtorain.will/shalldo和begoingtodo兩者都可表示“意圖”，有時(shí)兩者可以互換使用。e.g.Iwon’ttellhimaboutit.=I’mnotgoingtotellhimaboutit.表示“意圖”時(shí)，begoingtodo表示的“意圖”通常是事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮的，而will/shalldo所表示的“意圖”則是說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)想到的，因此在某些特定的語(yǔ)境中，兩者不可互換使用。e.g.---I’mgoingtoplaybasketballafterschool.---Really?Iwillgowithyou.bedoing這一結(jié)構(gòu)的主要意義是表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用于表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，如：go,come,leave,start,arrive等，也可用于其它動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞。e.g.Theplaneistakingoffat5:30.Howareyougoingthere byairorbytrain?begoingtodo和bedoing(1)begoingtodo和bedoing都可表示決定要做某事，兩者在某些語(yǔ)境中可以互換使用。e.g.Wearehavingfishforsupper.=Wearegoingtohavefishforsupper.Weareleavingsoon.=Wearegoingtoleavesoon.<1>I’mtakingmystudentstotheparkonnextSunday.=I’mgoingtotakemystudentstotheparkonnextSunday.(2)如果動(dòng)詞為come或go,在表示將來(lái)時(shí)，常用bedoing結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.We’regoingtoShanghainextweek.(to是介詞)betodo表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常見(jiàn)于報(bào)紙和廣播，用以宣布官方的計(jì)劃或決定。e.g.TheQueenistovisitVietnamnextmonth.表示命令、禁止(否定式)等。e.g.Sinceyou’vedonesomethingwrong,youaretostandhere.Ifyouarelate,youaretostandoutsidethedoor.Tellherthatsheisnottobebacklate.bedoing和betodo都可以表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事態(tài)，兩者常?？苫Q，但betodo較常用于正式語(yǔ)體。beabouttodo剛要做某事，正要做某事。表示非常近的將來(lái)，不與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間副詞連用。e.g.Heisabouttoleave.注意：不可以說(shuō)Heisabouttoleavetomorrow.beabouttodo...when...:正要做 ，這時(shí) e.g.Hewasabouttostartwhenitrained.Iwasabouttolockthedoorwhenthetelephonerang.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)間，常見(jiàn)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。e.g.I’lltellheraboutitifshecomes.I’llgiveittoyouafterIreturn.I’llcallyouassoonasIarrive.在主句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間通常指按照時(shí)間表或既定日程一定會(huì)發(fā)生的將來(lái)事態(tài)。e.g.TomorrowisSunday.Sheretiresnextyear.Whendoyoutakeyournextexam?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)間所暗示的計(jì)劃比較客觀，因而更具有不可變易性，而且一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)間在口氣上也比較正式。<2>Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane.（2006全國(guó)高考題）A.takesoff B.istakingoffC.hastakenoff D.tookoff—Areyoustillbusy?（2005年浙江卷）—Yes,Imywork,anditwon’ttakelong.A.justfinish B.amjustfinishingC.havejustfinishedD.amjustgoingtofinish—Whatwouldyoudoifittomorrow?（2005全國(guó)高考題）—Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe’vegoteverythingready.A.rainB.rains C.willrain D.israining---DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?---Oh,no,Iforgot.Ihernow.（2005全國(guó)III）A.willbecallingB.willcallC.callD.amtocallSinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn'tstoppedringing.PeopletoaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.（2005湖南卷）A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningIwillvisityouifFatherme.A.let B. letsLookout!Thattreefalldown.A.isgoingto B. willbeD.arephoningC.islettingD.willletC.shallD.wouldMyuncletoseeme.He'llbeheresoon.A.comes B. iscoming"Whenschoolbegin?""NextMonday."A.has B.doesC.hadcomeD.cameC.didD.isgoingtoEverytimeIthere,Iwillbuyhimsomethingnice.D.havegoneA.went B.willgo C.goD.havegoneWewon'tgounlessyousoon.D.comeA.hadcome B.came C.willcomeD.comeTheairlinerfromBeijingat3:00p.m.A.isabouttoarrive B.hasarrivedC.arrives D.isgoingtoarriveIdon'tknowwhenhe,butwhenhe,I'llletyouknow.A.willcome/comesB.comes/willcomeC.comes/comes D.willcome/willcome---DidyouwritetoGracelastsummer?---No,butI'llheroverChristmasvacation.A.beseenB.haveseenC.beseeingD.tosee---I’mgoingtotheStates?---HowlongyouintheStates?A.are;stayed B.are;stayingC.have;stayed D.did;stayI’vewonaholidayfortwoweekstoFlorida.Imymum.A.amtaking B.havetakenC.take D.willhavetaken<3>Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytakebecausetechnologysorapidly.A.willchange B.haschangedC.willhavechanged D.ischanging---You,veleftthelighton.---Oh,Ihave.andturnitoff.A.Igo B.I’vegoneC.I’llgo D.I’mgoing---Isthisraincoatyours?.---No,minetherebehindthedoor.A.ishanging B.hashungC.hangs D.hung---Whafsthatterriblenoise?---Theneighboursforaparty.A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepare D.willprepareBecausetheshop,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprices.A.hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown---CanIjointheclub,Dad?---Youcanwhenyouabitold.A.getB.willgetC.aregettingD.willhavegotIfeelitisyourhusbandwhoforthespoiledchild.A.istoblame B.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblameAtthistimetomorrow,overtheAtlantic.A.we’regoingtoflyB.we’llbeflyingC.we’llfly D.we’retofly---Areyoustillbusy?---Yes,Imywork,anditwon’ttakelong.A.justfinish B.amjustfinishingC.havejustfinished D.amjustgoingtofinish---DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?---Oh,no,Iforgot.Ihernow.A.willbecallingB.willcallC.call D.amtocall---What