語法自己做筆記背非謂語動詞

第五講非謂語動詞（1）英語中，不是用作句子謂語，而是用于充當其他語法功能的動詞，叫做非謂語動詞。因為非謂語動詞不像謂語動詞那樣受到主語人稱、數(shù)等因素的限定，它又被稱作非限定(非限制性）動詞(

Nonfinite

Verb)。非限制性動詞有三種形式：todo不定式-ing形式-ed分詞動名詞-ing

分詞

不定式(theInfinitive)

功能:

作主語：TomasterEnglishneedsdiligence.Tohelpothersistohelponeself.Itisagreatpleasuretoseeyouhere.作賓語:Doyouwanttohaveacupofcoffee?Theyfounditimpossibletooperateonthepatient

atpresent.作賓語補足語:I’dlikeyoutostayafewlonger.Ourteacheraskedmetorecitethetextyesterday.作表語:OurtaskistomasterEnglishintheshortestpossibletime.Thebiggestproblemishowto

makefulluseoftime.復合形式作定語:Haveyougotanythingtoeat?Thatfamilyhasonlyasmallhousetolivein.作狀語:Wemustworkevenhardertoimproveourpronunciation.Hegotuptoolatetocatchthe6:10train.Youareoldenoughtodoityourself.動詞不定式的否定形式和復合形式否定形式:在不定式前加not.例如：

Idecidednottogowiththem.Itisgood

nottospitontheground.復合形式:指不定式前帶邏輯主語，或不定式前帶有what,when,where等詞。例如：It’sapityforustohavetostayathomeinsuchfineweather.Thescientistsoftodaywillhavetodecidehowto

usethecomputerstomorrow.動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

主動被動一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing

完成進行式tohavebeendoing

一般式:不定式動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生MissLin,Iamveryhappy

togowithyou.Togetridofpollution,wehavesomuchworktodo.完成式:不定式表示的動作時間先于謂語動詞Iamveryglad

tohavemetyou.Thegirlseemedtohavefallenasleep.進行式：不定式表示的動作與謂語動作發(fā)生在同一時間Iamgladtobeworkingwithyou.Theyseemtobehavingameeting.被動:Thestudentsliketobeaskedquestions.Weareluckytohavebeenaskedtositinthefront.注：使用不帶“to”不定式：1以why開頭的簡單疑問句中Whydoitthatway?Whynotgooutforawalk?2.在hadbetter,wouldrather…(than),cannotbut…,can’thelpbut…,等習慣用法中。Sincesheisangry,wehadbetterleaveheralone.Ratherthanbeginthestreet,hewouldprefertodieofhunger.Icouldn’thelpbutwaitforthenextbustocome.3.在donothing/anything/everythingbut(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中,to要省略LastnightIdidnothing

butwatchTV.Johnwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm.如謂語動詞不是do的某種形式，but(except)后面要加to.Thedoctortoldhimnothing

buttostopsmoking.Therewasnothingforthemtodobuttoremainsilent.常接不定式作賓語的動詞：afford arrange askattemptbeg decidedetermine expect failintend hope learnlong manage offer plan prepare pretendpromise refuse seek tend volunteer claim常接不定式作賓補的動詞：advise allow direct enable encourage force help intend invite lead permit persuaderemind tell urge warn注：hope,demand和suggest不可接不定式作

賓補，但可跟引出的賓語從句

錯：Hehopedmetogivehimmorehelp.對：HehopedthatIwouldgivehimmorehelp.錯：Thedoctorsuggestsmyfathertostopsmoking.對：Thedoctorsuggeststhatmyfather(should)stopsmoking.在see,hear,lookat,feel,watch,notice等感官動詞，以及l(fā)et,make,have等其它動詞后面，作賓補的不定式均省去“to”.但被動形式要加“to”.Themanagermadehissecretaryworkovertime.Thesecretarywasmadeto

workovertime.復合謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：“besaid(reported,known等)+不定式”。此結(jié)構(gòu)也可轉(zhuǎn)換成:“itissaid(reported,known…)that”句型ShanxiProvinceisknowntohaverichcoalreserves.ItisknownthatShanxihasrichcoalreserves.“seem(happen,appear,prove,tend等)+不定

式”.Ihappenedtobeoutwhenshecalled.(3)“belikely(certain,sure,willing,anxious,ready,bound,eager,reluctant等)+不定式”.

Theyarelikelytosucceed.Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Everythingseems

(go)smoothly.Hereisanotherletter

(type).Heclaime