【英語】八年級(jí)上冊Units3～5

八年級(jí)上冊Units3～5Ⅰ.單詞?分類記憶【核心速記】不可不記1.________(adj.) 愛交際的;友好的;外向的2._________(adj.) 必需的;必要的3.___________(n.) 信息;消息4._____(adj.) 新鮮的5._______(adj.) 有創(chuàng)造力的;創(chuàng)造性的6._____(n.) 獎(jiǎng);獎(jiǎng)品;獎(jiǎng)金7._______(v.) 發(fā)生;出現(xiàn)8._______(adj.) 著名的;出名的outgoingnecessaryinformationfreshcreativeprizehappenfamous【聯(lián)想串記】不可不知1.good/well(adj.&adv.)→______(比較級(jí)adj.&adv.)→____(最高級(jí)adj.&adv.)2.loud(adj.)→______(adv.)喧鬧地;大聲地3.quiet(adj.)→______(adv.)輕聲地;安靜地4.clear(adj.)→______(adv.)清楚地;清晰地5.say(v.)→______(n.)諺語;格言;警句6.comfort(v.)→___________(adj.)使人舒服的→___________(adv.)使人舒服地betterbestloudlyquietlyclearlysayingcomfortablecomfortably7.bad/badly(adj.&adv.)→_____(比較級(jí)adj.&adv.)→_____(最高級(jí)adj.&adv.)8.care(v.)→_______(adj.)小心的→________(adv.)小心地→_______(adj.)不小心的9.report(v.)→________(n.)記者10.win(v.)→_______(n.)獲勝者;優(yōu)勝者→____(過去式/過去分詞)→_______(現(xiàn)在分詞)11.education(n.)→__________(adj.)有教育意義的12.discuss(v.)→_________(n.)討論;商量worseworstcarefulcarefullycarelessreporterwinnerwonwinningeducationaldiscussionⅡ.短語?雙語互譯1.關(guān)心;在意____about2.與……不同;與……有差異bedifferent_____3.和……相同;與……一致the_______

4.與……相像的、類似的be_________

5.到目前為止;迄今為止__far6.有相同的特征have...___________carefromsameassimilartosoincommon7.查明;弄清find___8.愿意迅速做某事be_____todosth.9.aslongas_____10.infact_______________________11.allkindsof______________________12.forexample_____13.dressup______________outready只要確切地說;事實(shí)上;實(shí)際上各種類型的;各種各樣的例如裝扮;喬裝打扮Ⅲ.句型?超級(jí)填寫1.我比我姐姐更外向。I’m_____outgoing____mysister.2.塔拉和蒂娜學(xué)習(xí)一樣努力。Taraworks__hard__Tina.3.好朋友使我笑。Agoodfriendmakesme_____.morethanasaslaugh4.最好的電影院是哪家?What’s_______movietheater?5.——你認(rèn)為訪談節(jié)目怎么樣?——我不介意它們。—_____doyou_______talkshows?—I__________them.thebestWhatthinkofdon’tmind【核心詞匯】1.winv.獲勝;贏;贏得【填一填思維激活】選詞填空(win,beat)①M(fèi)ary

thefirstplaceinthecompetition.②We

theirteamby5∶4.答案:①won②beat

【辨一辨考點(diǎn)突破】win與beat的辨析win“贏得;獲勝”,作及物動(dòng)詞,后接比賽(game)、獎(jiǎng)品(prize)或戰(zhàn)爭(war)等作賓語beat“打贏,戰(zhàn)勝”,用于比賽時(shí),其賓語為所戰(zhàn)勝的對手win和beat的反義詞為lose,其常用搭配為losetosb.【圖解助記】【一言辨異】I’msureyoucanbeatothersandwinthegame.我相信你能戰(zhàn)勝其他選手,贏得比賽?！揪氁痪氉呓锌肌竣?2014·陜西中考)TheChinesenationalwomen’sbadmintonteam

theJapaneseteamby3:1inIndiaonMay24.A.won

B.lost

C.beat

D.missed②(2014·臨沂中考)The

(win)ofthephotocompetitionwasa30-year-oldmanfromShanghai.答案:winner2.bothadj.&pron.兩個(gè);兩個(gè)都【填一填思維激活】選詞填空(both,all)①LilyandLucyare

fromEngland.②Ihavethreepencils.

ofthemarered.答案:①both②All

【記一記知識(shí)構(gòu)建】both與all的區(qū)別【辨一辨考點(diǎn)突破】both...and...意為“……和……都;既……又……”,通常用來連接兩個(gè)并列的句子成分;連接兩個(gè)并列的主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。BothJohnandDavidarefromAmerica.約翰和大衛(wèi)都來自美國。either...or...表示“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”,當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)并列的成分作句子主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則。EitheryouorIamright.要么是你對了,要么是我對了。neither...nor...表示“兩者都不……”,當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)并列的成分作句子主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也遵循就近原則。NeitherAnnnorJennylikesthemovie.安和珍妮都不喜歡這部電影?！揪氁痪氉呓锌肌?2014·黃岡中考)—Whichofthetwomagazineswillyoutake?—I’lltake

thoughIfind

ofthemareveryusefultome.A.all;bothB.either;eitherC.either;neitherD.either;both【教師備選】(2014·益陽中考)—Howdoyoulikethesetwobooks?—

ofthemareinteresting.AndI’vereadthemseveraltimes.A.Both

B.Neither

C.None3.findout查明;弄清【填一填思維激活】選詞填空find,discover,findout,lookfor①I’m

mypen.ButIcan’t

it.②Doyou

whyTomwaslate?③DoyouknowwhenColumbus

America?答案:①lookingfor;find②findout③discovered【辨一辨考點(diǎn)突破】find/discover/lookfor與findout的區(qū)別find“找到;發(fā)現(xiàn);感到”,強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果,是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞discover“發(fā)現(xiàn);發(fā)覺”,指發(fā)現(xiàn)某種情況或發(fā)現(xiàn)早已存在而未為人知的東西lookfor“尋找”,強(qiáng)調(diào)找的動(dòng)作,是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞findout“查明;弄清”,指經(jīng)過認(rèn)真觀察、調(diào)查或研究把某事或某物查出來、搞清楚,多用于復(fù)雜而不容易直接查出的情況【練一練走近中考】①(2013·泉州中考)—Please

(查找)thesenewwordsinthedictionary.—OK.答案:

①findout/lookup

②(2014·遵義中考)Thepolicemandiscoveredwhohadstolenthecar.A.foundout

B.knewabout

C.lookedfor4.happenv.發(fā)生;出現(xiàn)【填一填思維激活】①那位可憐的老人昨天發(fā)生了車禍。Acaraccident

thepooroldmanyesterday.②那條街發(fā)生了一起事故。Anaccident

inthatstreet.③我碰巧在街上遇見她。I

herinthestreet.答案:①happenedto②happened③happenedtomeet【記一記知識(shí)構(gòu)建】【辨一辨考點(diǎn)突破】 happen與takeplace的區(qū)別相同點(diǎn)兩者都沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)不同點(diǎn)happen指偶然發(fā)生,具有不可預(yù)測性,主語一般是物。常見用法:sth.happen(s)tosb.“某人發(fā)生某事”takeplace指事先計(jì)劃好或預(yù)先布置而發(fā)生,指某個(gè)確定事件【練一練走近中考】(2014·瀘州中考)Canyoutellmewhathappened

himjustnow?A.with

B.for

C.to

D.at【重點(diǎn)句型】1.TaraworksashardasTina.塔拉和蒂娜學(xué)習(xí)一樣努力。【思一思句型剖析】(1)as...as意為“和……一樣”,中間加形容詞或副詞的原級(jí),用來進(jìn)行同級(jí)比較,表示兩者在某一方面相同。(2)其否定形式為:notas/so...as表示“一方在某一方面不如另一方”。Thisstoryisnotasinterestingasthatone.(=Thisstoryisnotsointerestingasthatone.)這個(gè)故事不如那個(gè)故事有趣。【練一練走近中考】(2014·南充中考)—IthinkEnglishisas

asmaths.—Iagreewithyou.A.moreinterestingB.mostinterestingC.themostinterestingD.interesting2.Agoodfriendmakesmelaugh.好朋友使我笑?！舅家凰季湫推饰觥?/p>

makesb.dosth.意為“讓某人做某事”,屬于“make+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu),make為使役動(dòng)詞,意為“使……”?！居浺挥浿R(shí)構(gòu)建】使役動(dòng)詞make的常見結(jié)構(gòu)【練一練走近中考】(2014·六盤水中考)Theteacherspokeloudlyinordertomakethestudents

her.A.hear

B.hearing

C.heard

D.tohear【教師備選】補(bǔ)充練習(xí)Whenhesawthecartoonfilm,hewasmade

.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed【解析】選B。makesb.dosth.的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為sb.bemadetodosth.,即主動(dòng)語態(tài)中若是省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),要還原省略的不定式符號(hào)to?！疽c(diǎn)備選】1.loudlyadv.喧鬧地;大聲地;響亮地【填一填思維激活】選詞并用適當(dāng)形式填空loudly,

aloud,

loud①Don’tplaythemusicso

.②Hereadtheletter

tous.③Speak

,please.

答案:①loudly②aloud③louder【辨一辨考點(diǎn)突破】loud/loudly/aloud的辨析loud“響亮地”“大聲”或“高聲地”,側(cè)重發(fā)出的音量大,傳得遠(yuǎn),一般多用來修飾speak,talk,laugh等動(dòng)詞。loud還可用作形容詞loudly“響亮地”,其基本意義與loud作副詞時(shí)相同,常與ring,knock等動(dòng)詞連用。loudly放在動(dòng)詞前后均可,含有“喧鬧”或“嘈雜”的意味aloud副詞,相對于默讀而言強(qiáng)調(diào)“出聲”,讓人聽見,但是聲音并不一定很大,常與read,say,cry,shout等詞連用,無比較級(jí)2.forexample例如【填一填思維激活】選詞填空forexample,

suchas①Welearnmanysubjects,

Chinese,English,maths,physicsandsoon.②I’mweakinEnglish,

,IhavetroubleinlearningEnglishgrammar.答案:①suchas②forexample【辨一辨考點(diǎn)突破】forexample/suchas的辨析forexample一般只列舉同類人或物中的“一個(gè)”,可置于句首、句中或句末。置于句中時(shí),常用逗號(hào)與所舉例子隔開suchas常列舉同類人或物中的幾個(gè)例子,還可和andsoon連用3.carev.&n.在意;擔(dān)心;關(guān)心【填一填思維激活】完成句子①好朋友真正關(guān)心我。Agoodfriendtruly

me.②你應(yīng)該照顧你自己。Youshould

yourself.答案:①caresabout/for②takecareof【記一記知識(shí)構(gòu)建】與care相關(guān)的常見詞(組)【歸納拓展】care作不可數(shù)名詞,意為“小心;注意;關(guān)懷”,常用短語有:(1)takecare意為“當(dāng)心;小心”,相當(dāng)于becareful。takecaretodosth.“當(dāng)心做某事”;否定式為:takecarenottodosth.“當(dāng)心不要做某事”。Takecarenottofallintotheriver.當(dāng)心不要掉進(jìn)河里。(2)takecareof意為“照顧;照看”,相當(dāng)于lookafter。Joetookcareofyoulastnight.昨天晚上Joe照顧了你?！揪氁痪氉呓锌肌竣?2014·臨沂中考)Whenyouareswimming,

yourears.Youcanuseearplugs(耳塞)tostopwatergettingintoyourears.A.takeafterB.takepartinC.takeoffD.takecareof②(2013·海南中考)Ihopeeveryonecancareabout

theenvironmentandstop

things.A.protecting;wastingB.protecting;towasteC.protect;wastingD.protect;towaste4.expectv.預(yù)料;期待【填一填思維激活】完成句子①李明的媽媽沒有料到會(huì)得到那種答復(fù)。LiMing’smotherdidnot

.②他叔叔預(yù)計(jì)3月15日可以種完這些樹。Hisuncleexpected

plantingthesetreesbyMarch15.答案:①expectthatreply②tofinish

③我希望你能更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語。Iexpect

evenharderatyourEnglish.④我預(yù)計(jì)我爸爸會(huì)給我買一本英漢詞典。Iexpect

willbuymeanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.答案:③youtowork/youcanstudy④thatmyfather

【記一記知識(shí)構(gòu)建】【練一練走近中考】(2014·蘭州中考)Youcan’texpect

(learn)aforeignlanguageinsuchashorttime.答案:tolearn利用已知輕松猜測詞義(一)破題技巧之一巧用構(gòu)詞法首先要看一下這個(gè)詞的構(gòu)成,看看它是否能分為兩部分或三部分,然后再看每個(gè)部分所表達(dá)的意義及詞性,最后再通過句意及上下文的語境等來確定其意義。(2014·德州中考)

MinSun,withanothernameofZiqian,wasafamousmanintheStateofLuduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.HewasastudentofConfucius.AmongallstudentsofConfucius,hewascomparedwithYanYuan.MinSun’smotherdiedveryearly.Laterhisfathertookanotherwife,whogavebirthtotwosons.Thestepmothermistreated

MinSun—inwinter,whiletwoyoungerbrothersworewarmclothesmadeofcotton,MinSunonlyworeclothesmadeofreedcatkins(蘆花).47.Theunderlinedword“mistreated”inthepassagemeans“

”.A.對待B.款待C.虐待D.善待分析:

本題可嘗試用構(gòu)詞法解答。前綴“mis-”具有否定意義,treat表示“款待,招待”,結(jié)合本句意思可知,答案為C。破題技巧之二試用定義法定義是作者為了更好地表達(dá)思想,在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語或詞匯等所作的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對性,利用它們猜測詞義比較容易,其標(biāo)志為tobe(是),mean(意指),referto(指的是)等。(2014·哈爾濱中考)

Buildingasingleumbrella,whichisbigenoughtocoverthewholeearth,seemstobeimpossible.RogerAngel,ascientistfromtheUSA,hascarriedoutresearchtodealwiththisproblem.Hecameupwithanideaofmini-umbrellas.Infact,eachmini-umbrellaismadeupoftwoparts,aspaceshipandasunshade(遮陽篷).Aspaceshipweighingabout1gwouldcarryasunshadethatishalfameterlong.Itwouldbemostlytransparent.Thatmeanslightcanpassitdirectlytoreachtheearth,withlandsandoceansclearlyinview.46.Theunderlinedword“transparent”hereprobablymeans“

”.A.透明的B.透氣的C.透風(fēng)的分析:

由下一句中的Thatmeans可知,lightcanpassitdirectlytoreachtheearth,withlandsandoceansclearlyinview是對transparent的解釋,故答案為A。破題技巧之三妙用闡述法雖然進(jìn)一步闡述不如定義那樣嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、詳細(xì),但是提供的信息足以使我們猜出生詞的詞義。復(fù)述部分可以是適當(dāng)?shù)脑~、短語或者句子。(2014·黃石中考)

Aftergraduatingfromacollege,shewenttothisschoolaloneandworkedtherefornearlytwentyyears.Theheadmasteroftheschoolsaid,“Sheworkedhardandtaughtwell.Shewasabackboneteacherinourschool.Shewasalsothemostwelcometeacheramongthestudents.Forstudents,shewaslikeamother.Theycalledher“LittleMother.”52.Theunderlinedword“backbone”inthispassagemeans

inChinese.A.駝背B.中樞C.骨干D.脊椎分析:

單獨(dú)從字面上看,這個(gè)詞有“中樞”或“脊椎”意思的可能性,但是如果我們仔細(xì)閱讀“Sheworkedhardandtaughtwell.”和“Shewasalsothemostwelcometeacheramongthestudents...”,便會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),這個(gè)詞是用來描述一位老師在學(xué)校及學(xué)生中的地位的,而不是指人體的某個(gè)具體部位,所以答案為C。如何寫邀請函邀請函是近幾年中考書面表達(dá)題目的新類型,其中多以生日為由邀請自己的親朋好友參加要舉行的生日聚會(huì)。此類題目多有具體的要點(diǎn)提示。在寫作此類話題作文過程中可以在原有提示內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合身邊現(xiàn)實(shí)情況加以拓展補(bǔ)充。高分句型:1.I’mhappybecausemybirthdayiscoming.因?yàn)槲业纳找搅?我很高興。2.Iwillhaveabirthdaypartyat...我將在……舉行一個(gè)生日聚會(huì)。3.Welcometo...歡迎來……【典題示例】(湘潭中考)

假如你是Lisa,6月22日是你的生日,請根據(jù)以下表格的內(nèi)容,向你的好朋友群發(fā)一封邀請信。(信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出)Hi,friends,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________