Unit4+Adversity+and+Courage+Section+B+Learning+About+Language課后練習(xí) 高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

LearningAboutLanguageⅠ.單詞拼寫(xiě)1.Inordertoensuresuccesswemusthaveacompleteand(細(xì)致的)plan.2.Utheyranintoasnowstormalongtheway.3.Evenifitwasfoggyand(潮濕的)thismorning,hewentjoggingasusual.4.Wethoughtofsellingtheold(家具),butwe’vedecidedtoholdontoitasitmightbevaluable.5.Somepeoplechoosenottoeatmeatbecausetheybelievethatitisctoeatanimals.6.Thebisasmallanimallikeamousewithwings.Itoftenfliesaroundatnight.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Underourteacher’scareful(guide),wedidtheexperimentsuccessfully.2.This(advertise)isdesignedtoattracttheattentionofhousewives.3.Themorningsunrisesintheeast,givingoffitsraysalldirections.4.Iwasveryenthusiasticthelecture,buthisremarkonitmademedisappointed.5.Nomatteryouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvariousactivitiesonEarthDay.6.Hewasgratefulforandproudhisson’sremarkableanduniqueperformance.Ⅲ.用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)補(bǔ)全句子I1.(在中國(guó)住了十年).Life2.(一直很好)tome.IwenttocollegefortwoyearsandnowI3.(在一家公司工作三年了).Mywife,Lisa,andI4.(結(jié)婚5年了).We5.(剛剛完成)decoratingthebathroomonthesecondfloorandweplantohavechildreninthefuture.Ⅳ.單句寫(xiě)作1.所有活動(dòng)都在經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行。(guidance)Activitiesalltakeplacetheexperiencedtutor.2.不管天氣如何,她總是每天步行五英里。(nomatterwhat)Dayin,dayout,,shewalksfivemiles.3.近幾周,母親接連登廣告想招聘一名清潔工,但至今沒(méi)有找到人。(advertise)Motherhasbeenforweekswithoutsuccess.4.我的朋友盡了最大的努力來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,不管它有多難。(tryone’sbest)Myfriendtheproblem,howeverdifficultitwas.5.聽(tīng)到那個(gè)男孩粗魯?shù)卣f(shuō)話,我們都很震驚。(ina...manner)Allofuswereshockedtoheartheboytalking.Ⅴ.閱讀理解ASearch“toxicparents”,andyou’llfindmorethan38,000posts,largelyurgingyoungadultstocuttieswiththeirfamilies.Theideaistosafeguardone’smentalhealthfromabusiveparents.However,asapsychoanalyst(精神分析學(xué)家),I’veseenthattrendinrecentyearshasbecomeawaytomanageconflictsinthefamily,andI’veseenthesevereimpactsestrangement(疏遠(yuǎn))hasonbothsidesofthedivide.Thisisaself-helptrendthatcreatesmuchharm.Today’ssocialjusticevaluesrespondtothisreality,callingonustocriticizeoppressive(高壓的)andharmfulfiguresandtogainpowerforthosewhohavebeenpowerless.Butwhenadultchildrenusethemosteffectivetooltheyhave—themselves—togainasenseofsecurityandbantheirparentsfromtheirlives,therolesaresimplyswitched,andthepainonlydeepens.Often,whatIseeinmypracticearecasesoffamilyconflictmismanaged.Iseetheterribleeffectofthattrend:situationswithnowinners,onlyisolatedhumanswholongtobeknownandfeelsafeinthepresenceoftheother.Thecatchisthatafterestrangement,adultchildrenfeelabandonedandbetrayed.Theycarrytheghostsoftheirchildhood,tacklingtheemotionalrealitythatthosewhoraiseduscannevertrulybeleftbehind,nomatterhowhardwetry.WhatIhavefoundisthatmostofthesefamiliesneedrepair,notpermanentbreak-up.Howcanonelearnhowtonegotiateneeds,tocreateboundariesandtotrust?Howcanweloveothers,andourselves,ifnotthroughacceptingthelimitationsthatcomewithbeinghuman?Goodrelationshipsaretheresultnotofaperfectlevelofharmonybutratherofsuccessfuladjustments.Topursuedialogueinsteadofestrangementwillbehardandpainfulwork.Itcan’tbeasingleprojectof“self-help”,becauseattheendoftheday,realintimacy(親密關(guān)系)isachievedbyworkingthroughtheinjuriesofthepasttogether.Inmostcasesoffamilyconflict,repairispossibleandpreferabletoestrangement—andit’sworththework.1.Whydoyoungpeoplecuttieswiththefamily?A.Togainanindependentlife.B.Torestoreharmonyinthefamily.C.Toprotecttheirpsychologicalwell-being.D.Tofollowatendencytowardssocialjustice.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catch”inparagraph4mean?A.Response.B.Problem.C.Operation. D.Emphasis.3.Whatshouldyoungadultsdotomanagefamilyconflictaccordingtotheauthor?A.Breakdownboundaries.B.Gainpowerwithinthefamily.C.Liveuptotheirparents’expectations.D.Acceptimperfectionoffamilymembers.4.Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?A.Byofferingcausesandeffects.B.Byanalyzingtheproblemandsolutions.C.Bycomparingstrengthsandweaknesses.D.Bylistingrelevantexamplesanddata.BNomatterwhereheparkshisVWbuscoatedinchalkboardpaint,JonathanShermancomesbacktofindgreatnewartadorningthesides.Onceaweek,hewashesitandcreatesanewcanvasfortheamateurartistsofAmericanForkwhoareinspiredtofillitssides.Thestorybehindwhathasbecomeknownasthe“Chalkbus”eveninspiredaminidocumentarybycollegestudents,theDailyHeraldreports.TheideatomakeitarollingchalkboardcametoShermanwhenthebuswasdueforanewpaintjobandhepainteditblackmatteprimerandthengazedoverathisdaughterdrawingchalkonthesidewalk.Heinvitedhertotryonthevan,andtheplanwasformed.“Peoplewerelike,‘Oh,youshouldn’tdothat.Peoplearegoingtodrawallkindsofhorriblethingsonthere,’youknow.‘You’reaskingfortrouble,’”Shermansaid.“Peoplereallyhaven’tdrawnanythingbadthere.Theyalwaysdrawcoolthings.”Hestarteddrivingitseveralyearsago,andfrequentlyfounddrawingswhenheparkeditinatthemovietheaterorgrocerystore.Whenhefoundsomeonedrawingonthebus,heleftthemalonetofinishbeforetalkingwiththem.“It’salwaysapositiveconversation,”hesaid.Sherman,alicensedmarriageandfamilytherapist,saidthebusseemedtoprovidesomethingpeopleweremissing.HetookiteachyeartotheOutofDarknessSuicidePreventionWalkinSaltLakeCityandletpeopledrawonitthere.“Alotofpeoplearereallydisconnectedinsociety.Andalotofpeoplesufferinsilence,”hesaid.“AnywhereIcanfindalittlesmallconnection,Ithinkitjustalleviatesalittlebitofaburdensomewhereforsomebodytoknowthat,you’reseenandyoumatter.”“I’vejustnoticedhowmanymeaningfulconnectionshavecomeasaresultoforhavecomebecauseoftheexistenceoftheChalkbus,”McKinnonsaid.“BecausetheChalkbusexists,I’vemadefriendsthatIwouldn’thavemade.Iwantpeopletohavepeace,loveandhappiness.”5.HowdidShermanreactwhenseeingsomeonepaintingonhisbus?A.Hewatchedhim/herinacoldmanner.B.Hestayedangrybutkeptsilent.C.Hefoughtwiththeperson.D.Hewatchedhim/herandthentalkedwiththeperson.6.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“alleviates”inparagraph7?A.Relieves. B.Bears.C.Accepts. D.Improves.7.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ImmoralbehaviorshappeninginpublicB.The“Chalkbus”inspiresdrawingandconnectivityC.The“Chalkbus”promotesyoungartistsbornincollegesD.Newly-bornstyleofart—Chalkbusdrawing8.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Ascientificfiction.C.Afashionmagazine. D.Anewsreport.Ⅵ.完形填空ResidentsandemergencyworkersrecoveringfromdestructioncausedbydeadlytornadoesonDecember10inKentuckyrecentlyhadsomesupportfromWhiteCounty.Asmanythroughouttheregion1swiftlytoprovideaidfortheaffectedcommunities,ClevelandpoliceofficerJustinBaldwinwasamongthose2tohelp.

Baldwin3totakeacarloadofsuppliestoKentuckyforthereliefeffortsandtoldhiscoworkersabouthis4onMondaybeforeleaving.Aswordofhisplan5beyondthepolicedepartment,strangersstarteddonatingmoney,suppliesandtheirtimetothe6.Waterbottles,snacksandlargecansofvegetables,aswellasa(n)7amountofmoney8.Theofficeralso9toseewhatwasneededmostinKentucky.Thenhewentandboughtfourorfivehundreddollars’worthofchildren’smedicine.

BylastThursday,Baldwinhadto10seatsoutofa15-passengervan(面包車)toloadthedonationsfor11inaweekendtrip.MayfieldHighSchoolhasbeenturnedintoadistributioncentertoprovide12.Baldwindecidedthatwouldbethe13placetosetuphisvantoreachpeople.

BaldwinstayedinKentuckyforthreedays,14bytheamountofgenerosityhewitnessedinthecounty.Multipletruckswerewaitingtocomein—peoplewereverygenerousandalotofpeoplehadfelta15todosomething.

1.A.shiftedB.movedC.flewD.settled2.A.determined B.discouragedC.permitted D.expected3.A.managed B.proceededC.planned D.hesitated4.A.doubt B.fearC.demand D.idea5.A.spread B.failedC.changed D.delayed6.A.role B.departmentC.cause D.innovation7.A.substantial B.crucialC.influential D.partial8.A.pouredin B.sweptawayC.gaveway D.ranout9.A.explored B.checkedC.intended D.applied10.A.repair B.produceC.deliver D.remove11.A.exchange B.entertainmentC.consumption D.transport12.A.shelters B.belongingsC.gifts D.essentials13.A.safe B.idealC.distant D.legal14.A.wornout B.blownawayC.broughttolife D.castdown15.A.panic B.reliefC.calling D.challengeⅦ.語(yǔ)法填空Theideaofhelpingpeoplecomesnaturallytomostofus.Ifweseeablindpersongettingoff1.bus,wewatchtomakesurethatheisinnodangerof2.(fall).However,therearemanypeoplewhohavenobodyneartoseetheirneedforhelpevenwhentheneedisknown.Theold,the3.(disable),andthehomelessarethepeoplefor4.helpmaynotcome,becausenobodysees.Organizationsexistwhichtrytomakesurethatsomeoneseeswhenhelp5.(need)anddoessomethingaboutit.Volunteersgiveupalittleoftheirsparetime6.(lend)ahand.Ifyouwishtotakepartinthisworthwhileactivity,thinkofthepeoplemostinneedofhelpandthewaysinwhichhelpcanbegiven.Oldpeoplecannotalwaysredecorate7.(they)homes.Householdrepairs,cleaning,preparingfoodortakingcareofthegardenmayallprovedifficult.Elderlypeoplewithfailingeyesightare8.(delight)ifafriendcomesintoreadortowritelettersforthem.Peopleconfinedtowheelchairscannotgoout9.somebodytakesthem.Blindchildrenmayloveswimmingbuttheyneedasighted10.(swim)togowiththem.Whatdoyoudoifyouwanttohelp?參考答案Ⅰ.1.thorough2.Unfortunately3.damp4.furniture5.cruel6.batⅡ.1.guidance2.advertisement3.in4.about5.what6.ofⅢ.1.havebeenlivinginChinafortenyears2.hasbeenverygood3.havebeenworkinginacompanyforthreeyears4.havebeenmarriedfor5years5.havejustfinishedⅣ.1.undertheguidanceof2.nomatterwhattheweatherislike3.advertisingforacleaner4.triedhisbesttosolve5.inarudemannerⅤ.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了面對(duì)家庭沖突或隔閡,相比疏遠(yuǎn),修復(fù)是更好的方法。1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Search‘toxicparents’,andyou’llfindmorethan38,000posts,largelyurgingyoungadultstocuttieswiththeirfamilies.Theideaistosafeguardone’smentalhealthfromabusiveparents.”可知,年輕人選擇與家庭切斷聯(lián)系是為了保護(hù)自己,免于受到心理上的傷害。故選C項(xiàng)。2.B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thecatchisthatafterestrangement,adultchildrenfeelabandonedandbetrayed.”可知,子女選擇與家庭疏遠(yuǎn)后,產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是他們感覺(jué)到被拋棄和被背叛,這是一種消極負(fù)面的影響。因此,畫(huà)線詞后是在解釋這一名詞,即catch表示嚴(yán)重的后果或是問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“WhatIhavefoundisthatmostofthesefamiliesneedrepair,notpermanentbreak-up.”可知,作者建議年輕人去修復(fù)家庭關(guān)系,而不是疏遠(yuǎn)。以及本段中的“Howcanweloveothers,andourselves...butratherofsuccessfuladjustments.”可知,接受家人的不完美,調(diào)整自己的心態(tài),對(duì)關(guān)系進(jìn)行修復(fù)才能得到完美和諧的結(jié)果。故選D項(xiàng)。4.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Search‘toxicparents’,andyou’llfind...safeguardone’smentalhealthfromabusiveparents.”可知,當(dāng)下年輕人在處理家庭沖突時(shí),選擇疏遠(yuǎn)家庭。以及倒數(shù)第二段中的“WhatIhavefoundisthatmostofthesefamiliesneedrepair,notpermanentbreak-up.”可知,作者在倒數(shù)第二段提出修復(fù)是更好的方法。因此,本文主要圍繞分析問(wèn)題和解決方案來(lái)展開(kāi)。故選B項(xiàng)?！菊Z(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了你可以隨便在一輛名為“Chalkbus”的公共汽車車身上畫(huà)畫(huà),司機(jī)不僅不會(huì)生氣,反而還會(huì)鼓勵(lì)人們創(chuàng)作,他認(rèn)為這樣有利于人們之間的溝通與交流。5.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Whenhefoundsomeonedrawingonthebus,heleftthemalonetofinishbeforetalkingwiththem.(當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)有人在車上畫(huà)畫(huà)時(shí),他讓他們獨(dú)自完成,然后再和他們交談)”可知,當(dāng)Sherman看到有人在車上畫(huà)畫(huà)時(shí),他的反應(yīng)是看著他/她畫(huà),然后再和他/她交談。6.A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文提到的“很多人在社會(huì)上真的沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。而很多人默默承受”以及下文的“負(fù)擔(dān)”可知,此處的意思是“這會(huì)減輕他們的痛苦/負(fù)擔(dān)”。由此猜測(cè)alleviates意為“緩解;減輕”,與A項(xiàng)近義。7.B標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段講“JonathanSherman的大眾公共汽車不管停在哪里,兩邊都有新的藝術(shù)裝飾”,第二段講“JonathanSherman每周為AmericanFork的業(yè)余藝術(shù)家們創(chuàng)作一幅新的畫(huà)布”,第三段講“JonathanSherman的‘Chalkbus’大眾巴士激發(fā)了大學(xué)生們創(chuàng)造了一部迷你紀(jì)錄片”,第四段講“JonathanSherman的‘Chalkbus’計(jì)劃”,第五、六段講“‘Chalkbus’激勵(lì)人們?cè)诎褪可袭?huà)畫(huà)”,第七、八段講“通過(guò)‘Chalkbus’人們彼此聯(lián)系,那些和社會(huì)脫節(jié)的人們又結(jié)交了朋友”。由此可知,文章主要講“‘Chalkbus’鼓勵(lì)人們創(chuàng)作,讓人們彼此建立聯(lián)系”,B項(xiàng)“Chalkbus”鼓勵(lì)繪畫(huà)和聯(lián)系性符合文意。8.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thestorybehindwhathasbecomeknownasthe‘Chalkbus’eveninspiredaminidocumentarybycollegestudents,theDailyHeraldreports.(據(jù)英國(guó)《每日先驅(qū)報(bào)》報(bào)道,這輛被稱為‘Chalkbus’的汽車背后的故事甚至激發(fā)大學(xué)生們創(chuàng)作了一部迷你紀(jì)錄片)”可知,本文是來(lái)自《每日先驅(qū)報(bào)》的一篇新聞報(bào)道。Ⅵ.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。一名警察采取行動(dòng),幫助遭受龍卷風(fēng)襲擊的地區(qū)的人們。1.B根據(jù)本句的“toprovideaid”可知大家迅速采取行動(dòng),提供幫助。故選B項(xiàng)。2.A根據(jù)本句的“swiftlytoprovideaid”可知大家迅速采取行動(dòng),提供幫助,大家都決心幫助。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.C根據(jù)本句的“onMondaybeforeleaving”可知在出發(fā)之前他打算這樣做。故選C項(xiàng)。4.D根據(jù)本句的“toldhiscoworkers”可知他把他的計(jì)劃告訴了他的同事。故選D項(xiàng)。5.A根據(jù)本句的“strangersstarteddonatingmoney”可知陌生人捐錢,因?yàn)槟吧寺?tīng)說(shuō)了他的計(jì)劃,可知他的計(jì)劃傳開(kāi)了,spread“傳播”。故選A項(xiàng)。6.C根據(jù)上文“ClevelandpoliceofficerJustinBaldwinwasamongthosedeterminedtohelp”可知,他要提供幫助,這是一項(xiàng)偉大的事業(yè)。故選C項(xiàng)。7.A根據(jù)本句的“amount”可知,這是一大筆錢。故選A項(xiàng)。8.A根據(jù)本句的“Wat