高二英語5課時分層作業(yè)UnitSectionⅠ

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精課時分層作業(yè)（一）SectionⅠ(建議用時：30分鐘）［高考題型練習(xí)提能力］Ⅰ。閱讀理解AJohnvonNeumannwastheoldestof3childrenofabanker，andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandofsolvingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemayleadapoorlifebeingamathematician，andsovonNeumannagreedtostudychemistryaswell。In1926，at23，hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics。Fromthenon,mathematicsprovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1933，theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed，andhebecameoneofthe6full.timepeople（Einsteinwasoneoftheothers)intheSchoolofMathematics。WorldWarⅡhugelychangedvonNeumann'sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpure(純粹的)mathematician。Duringandafterthewar，hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicstheoriesintopractice。Duringthelastpartofthewarhebecameinterestedincomputingmachinesandmadeseveralfundamentalcontributions。Afterthewar,vonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwithcomputers，andwasgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.Hereceivedmanyawards，waspresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberoftheAtomicEnergyCommission。Hediedin1957ofcancer.VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributionsandanyoneofthemwouldhavebeenenoughtoearnhimafirmplacehistory。Hewillberememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury。VonNeumannreallywasalegend（傳奇）inhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofthislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway，“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour。Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了偉大的數(shù)學(xué)家JohnvonNeumann（約翰·馮·諾依曼）的生平事跡。1．Accordingtothetext,vonNeumann’sfatherbelievedthat．A.amathematiciancouldn'tearnalotofmoneyB．a(chǎn)mathematicianneededagoodmemoryC．vonNeumannhadtheabilitytolearntwosubjectsatthesametimeD．vonNeumannhadagiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeedA［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemayleadapoorlifebeingamathematician”可知，他的父親認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)家的生活可能會比較清貧。]2．VonNeumannpublishedhisfirstbookattheageof．A．23B．26C．29D．32C［推理判斷題.根據(jù)第一段“In1926，at23.。。"和第二段“Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932?！辈浑y得出，他29歲時出版了第一本書。］3．HowdidWorldWarⅡaffectJohnvonNeumann?A．Herealizedtheimportanceofengineering.B．Hebegantoresearchhowtoputmathematicsintopractice。C．Heleftcollegeandservedatthegovernmentdepartment。D．Helostinterestinchemistry。B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前三句可知，第二次世界大戰(zhàn)使他的興趣從純粹數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)到了應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域。］4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofvonNeumann?A．Hehadthreechildren。B．Hediedfromanaccident.C．Hereceivedmanyawardsinhislife。D．HeandEinsteinwereclassmatesinPrincetonUniversity。C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A選項對第一段第一句話理解有誤，是錯誤的；由第三段末句可知，B選項錯誤；由第三段第六句可知，C項正確；由第二段末句可知，D項錯誤。]BWatchingsomechildrentryingtocatchbutterfliesonehotAugustafternoon,Iwasremindedofanincidentinmyownchildhood。WhenIwasaboyof12inSouthCarolina，somethinghappenedtomethatcuredmeforeverofwantingtoputanywildcreatureinacage。Welivedontheedgeofawood,andeveryeveningatduskthemockingbirdswouldcomeandrestinthetreesandsing.Thereisn’tamusicalinstrumentmadebymanthatcanproduceamorebeautifulsoundthanthesongofthemockingbird.IdecidedthatIwouldcatchayoungbirdandkeepitinacageandinthatwayIwouldhavemyownprivatemusician。Ifinallysucceededincatchingoneandputitinacage.Atfirst，initsfrightatbeingcaptured,thebirdflutteredaboutthecage，buteventuallyitsettleddowninitsnewhome.Ifeltverypleasedwithmyselfandlookedforwardtosomebeautifulsingingfrommytinymusician.Ihadleftthecageoutonourbackporch,andontheseconddayofthebird’scaptivity(囚禁)mynewpet’smotherflewtothecagewithfoodinhermouth。Thebabybirdateeverythingshebroughttoit。Iwaspleasedtoseethis。CertainlythemotherknewbetterthanIhowtofeedherbaby。ThefollowingmorningwhenIwenttoseehowmycaptivewasdoing，Idiscovereditonthefloorofthecage,dead.Iwasshocked!Whathadhappened！Ihadtakenexcellentcareofmylittlebird，orsoIthought.ArthurWayne，thefamousornithologist，happenedtobevisitingmyfatheratthetime，hearingmecryingoverthedeathofmybird，explainedwhathadoccurred.“Amothermockingbird，findingheryounginacage，willsometimesbringitpoisonberries。Shethinksitbetterforheryoungtodiethantoliveincaptivity.”NeversincethenhaveIcaughtanylivingcreatureandputitinacage.Alllivingcreatureshavearighttolivefree?！菊Z篇解讀】本文講述了“我"小時候抓了一只會唱歌的模仿鳥，在吃了鳥媽媽帶來的食物后，小鳥不幸夭折的故事。這個故事告訴我們,每個生物都有自由地活著的權(quán)利。5．Whydidthewritercatchamockingbirdwhenhewasaboyof12?A．Hehadjustgotanewcage.B．Helikeditsbeautifulfeather。C．Hewantedittosingforhim.D．Hewantedapetforacompanion。C［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“IdecidedthatIwouldcatchayoungbirdandkeepitinacageandinthatwayIwouldhavemyownprivatemusician。"可知答案為C。]6．Themockingbirddiedbecauseit．A．wasfrightenedtodeathB．a(chǎn)tethepoisonousfooditsmothergaveitC．refusedtoeatanythingD．drankthepoisonouswaterbymistakeB[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Amothermockingbird，findingheryounginacage，willsometimesbringitpoisonberries.Shethinksitbetterforheryoungtodiethantoliveincaptivity。”可知,小鳥死于吃了母親給的食物。]7．Anornithologistprobablymeans．A．a(chǎn)religiouspersonB．a(chǎn)kindpersonC．a(chǎn)schoolmasterD．a(chǎn)nexpertinbirdsD[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)此人對模仿鳥死亡做的解釋,可知他是鳥類專家。故答案為D。］8．Whatisthemostimportantlessonthewriterlearnedfromtheincident？A．Freedomisveryvaluabletoallcreatures.B．Allbirdsputinacagewon'tlivelong.C．Youshouldkeepthebirdsfromtheirmother.D．Becarefulaboutfoodyougivetobabybirds。A[推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段“NeversincethenhaveIcaughtanylivingcreatureandputitinacage。Alllivingcreatureshavearighttolivefree."可知,他明白自由對任何生物都是無價的。]【解題策略】順藤摸瓜，猜測詞義猜測詞義題，我們要學(xué)會“順藤摸瓜”,通過構(gòu)詞,語法，定義，同位，對比，因果,常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關(guān)。最常見的就是利用上下文語境、常識和語法關(guān)系推斷詞義.比如第7小題。根據(jù)此人對模仿鳥死亡做的解釋，可知他是鳥類專家。故答案為D.Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Noonelikestofail.Whetherit'satwork，athome,orinanotherareaofyourlife，failureispainfulanditcanalsobecostlyintermsoftime，money，orboth.1Ifyouneversufferafailure，thenyou’reprobablynotpushingyourselftoyourfullpotential.Thefollowingaresometipsonhowtopickyourselfupafteryou'vefailed。Rememberthatotherpeoplefailtoo。2They’lltellyouaboutthatgreatnewcontracttheysigned，notthedealthatfailedeventuallythoughtheyworkedonitformonths.Butfailureisnormal，andlotsofpeoplefailtimeandtimeagainbeforemeetingwithsuccess。Remindyourselfofyourpastsuccesses。Failingdoesn'tmeanthatyou’reworthless，orthatyou’llneverachievethethingsyouwant.3Maybeyouhadhighmarkslastterm，oryoulostweight,oryoulearnedtoplayamusicalinstrument.Youmightwanttowritedownalistofsuccesses—thingsthatyou’veaccomplishedoverthepastfewyears，whetherbigorsmall.Ifyoueverlackconfidence，youcangobackandreadoverthatlist。4Yourpastsuccessesareimportant，butsoareyourpastfailures。You’vemademistakesbefore,andyou’vesurvivedthem.Perhapsyoudidbadlyinanexam，orlostyourtemperandhadtoapologize。It’snotfuntothinkaboutthetimeswhenthingswentwrong,butbyacknowledgingyourfailures,youcanremindyourselfthattodayisnodifferent.Justasyourecoveredinthepast，youcanrecoverfromyourrecentfailuretoo。5Whateverwentwrong，you’reprobablyfacingsomesortofdecision。Don’trushintomakinghastydecision，butdolookforaforwardpath。Thatmightrequiresomedeepthinking.A．Makeadecision.B．Limitthedamagecaused.C．Remindyourselfofyourpastfailures。D．However，failureisanormalpartoflife。E．Getsomeadviceandsupportfromothers。F．Mostpeopledon'ttalkopenlyabouttheirfailures。G．Thinkofallthetimesinthepastwhenyou'vesucceeded?！菊Z篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章談?wù)摗笆　?失敗是生活中很正常的一部分，大多數(shù)人不會公開談?wù)撍麄兊氖?你過去的成功很重要,但你過去的失敗也很重要。要提醒自己過去的失敗。1．D［上文提示“無論是在工作中，在家里，還是在生活的其他方面，失敗都是痛苦的,而且在時間、金錢方面，或者兩者兼而有之.”再根據(jù)下文提示“如果你從未經(jīng)歷過失敗，那么你可能并沒有將自己的潛力發(fā)揮到極致?！背薪由舷挛?，D項However，failureisanormalpartoflife。（然而，失敗是生活中很正常的一部分。)切題。]2．F［上文提示“記住別人也會失敗?！背薪由衔?，F(xiàn)項Mostpeopledon’ttalkopenlyabouttheirfailures.(大多數(shù)人不會公開談?wù)撍麄兊氖　＃┣蓄}。該項中的don’ttalkopenly和上文的otherpeoplefailtoo相吻合。］3．G[上文提示“失敗并不意味著你一文不值，或者你永遠(yuǎn)無法實現(xiàn)你想要的東西。”再根據(jù)下文提示“也許你上學(xué)期成績很好，也許你減肥了,也許你學(xué)會了演奏樂器。”承接上下文，G項Thinkofallthetimesinthepastwhenyou’vesucceeded.（想想過去你成功的所有時刻。）切題。]4．C［下文提示“你過去的成功很重要，但你過去的失敗也很重要?！背薪酉挛?，C項Remindyourselfofyourpastfailures。(提醒自己過去的失敗.）切題。]5．A［下文提示“不管出了什么問題，你都可能面臨某種決定?！背薪酉挛?A項Makeadecision.(做出一個決定。）切題.］Ⅲ.語法填空DearDad，Onthisdateofyour50thbirthday，MomgavemetheletteryouwrotetomewhenIwasborn18yearsago。Inyourletter，you1。(wish)metobestrong。mindedandsuccessful。Youwerelookingforwardto2。(see）mefightformyfuturebravelyanddowellfor3。andothers。Afterreadingthisletter，Ifeelquite4.(shock）atyour5。(expect)onme。Ialsofeelshamedofnothavingperformedwell6.(meet）yourdemand.IstillrememberwhenIwasinprimaryschool，Ifailedtoapplymyselftostudying。Iwasaddictedtocomputergames。Asaconsequence，Isoonbecamethelastoneinmyclass.Youdidn'tabusemeatall。7.