人教版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第三冊(cè)UNIT3Section IV含答案

PAGESectionⅣAssessingYourProgress&VideoTime[基礎(chǔ)測(cè)評(píng)]Ⅰ.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及漢語(yǔ)提示寫出正確單詞1.Thousandsofpeoplewillstarve(餓死)iffooddoesn’treachthecityontime.2.Wearebeingcautiousaboutreleasing(發(fā)布)oneofthephotos.3.Therecruitmentpreventedthedownwardtrend(趨勢(shì))intheunemploymentrateofthearea.4.Thehostseized(抓住)myhandandshookitheartily.5.Theirharmonious(和諧的)relationshipresultedfromtheirsimilargoals.6.Teachersmustbesensitive(敏感的)totheirstudents’needs.7.Wesincerelyhopethatyouwillsoonberestored(恢復(fù))tohealth.8.Theregulations(規(guī)章制度)aremadetoprotectwomen’sandchildren’srightsandinterests.9.Thegovernmenthaslaunchedacampaign(運(yùn)動(dòng))againstsmoking.10.Idon’tknowhowyouhavetolerated(忍受)thatnoise.Ⅱ.用方框中所給短語(yǔ)的正確形式填空onbehalfof,dozensof,haveanimpacton,amountsof,betrappedin,resultin,seizeeveryopportunity,inresponseto,beresponsiblefor,bringabout1.Thedestructionofforestshasbroughtaboutenvironmentaldamage.

2.Dozensofsoldiershavebeenworkingdayandnightformonths.

3.Distractionwhendrivingoftenresultsindisastrousaccidents.

4.OnbehalfofeveryonehereIwanttothankyouforyourhelp.

5.Itwassometimebeforethedooropenedinresponsetohisknocks.

6.Onethousandpeopleweretrappedinthedamagedbuilding,mostofwhomweresavedintheend.

7.Thedryweatherishavinganimpactonagriculture,whichislikelytocausesomefoodpricestorise.

8.Ateacherisresponsiblefortheconductofpupilsintheclassroom.

9.Therearestoriesabouthisgenerosity,themassiveamountsofmoneyhegavetocharities.

10.TheCanadiangirlhasseizedeveryopportunitytopractiseherChinese.

Ⅲ.句式仿寫1.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.句式:Thereislittle/nodoubtthat...仿寫:毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),愛(ài)好深刻地影響著人們的生活。Thereisnodoubtthathobbieshaveagreatinfluenceonpeople’slife.

2.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.句式:Itisourresponsibilitytodo...仿寫:教育孩子們誠(chéng)實(shí)、慷慨是我們的責(zé)任。Itisourresponsibilitytoeducatethechildrenaboutbeinghonestandgenerous.

3.Asisknowntoall,smogisharmfultoeveryone.句式:Asisknowntoall...仿寫:眾所周知,語(yǔ)言能反映出其背后的文化與習(xí)俗。Asisknowntoall,languagescanreflectthecultureandcustomsbehindthem.

4.Itisobviousthatweshouldplantmoretreestofightagainstsandstorms.句式:Itisobviousthat...仿寫:舊方法顯然不能滿足新的要求。Itisobviousthattheoldmethodcannotmeetnewrequirements.

5.ItisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiverwillbepreservedforgenerationstocome.句式:Itisbelievedthat...仿寫:人們相信,總有一天我們將能充分利用太陽(yáng)能。Itisbelievedthatweshallmakefulluseofthesun’senergysomeday.

[提升測(cè)評(píng)]Ⅳ.閱讀理解ACaliforniahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor.Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources.ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt.Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.解析:段落大意題。在第二段中,作者用具體數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明了大樹(shù)損失在各個(gè)地區(qū)的嚴(yán)重程度,沒(méi)有任何地區(qū)幸免或不受影響,故選A。答案:A2.Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B.Banningwoodcutting.C.Limitinghousingdevelopment.D.Firecontrolmeasures.解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources.”可知,對(duì)野火的控制在控制了森林大火的同時(shí),使得加利福尼亞州的森林里擠滿了小樹(shù),它們與大樹(shù)爭(zhēng)奪資源,這對(duì)大樹(shù)產(chǎn)生了不利的影響。故選D。答案:D3.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A.Inadequatesnowmelt.B.Alongerdryseason.C.Awarmerclimate.D.Dampnessoftheair.解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“...thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures...andearliersnowmelt...”可知,造成加利福尼亞州水資源短缺的最大因素是氣溫升高,以及較早的融雪。故選C。答案:C4.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.California’sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B.CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC.WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D.PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia解析:標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知,自20世紀(jì)30年代以來(lái),加利福尼亞州已經(jīng)失去了一半的大樹(shù),文章分析了引起該現(xiàn)象的幾個(gè)主要因素。全文圍繞“加利福尼亞州森林的大樹(shù)都去哪兒了”這一話題展開(kāi)。故選A。答案:ABBytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxideintotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT’sCentreforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”5.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.解析:段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知,到21世紀(jì)末,由于氣候變暖,世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,這種現(xiàn)象的核心是一種叫作浮游植物的微小海洋微生物。在光線的作用下在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。海洋的顏色從綠色到藍(lán)色不等,這取決于浮游植物的類型和密度。由此可推斷出這兩段主要敘述了海洋生物是海洋顏色變化的原因。故選B。答案:B6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.解析:詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.”可知,氣候變暖會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征,并會(huì)影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。由此可判斷浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響。故選A。答案:A7.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.”可知,浮游植物多了,水域會(huì)變得更綠。故選D。答案:D8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.解析:主旨大意題。第一段提出文章的主旨:到21世紀(jì)末,由于氣候變暖,世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。故選C。答案:CCACityintheJungleInthesummerof1848,inGuatemala,amancalledAmbrosioTutwentoutintothejungle,ashedidalmosteveryday.Tutwasagumcollector,lookingforguminthejungle.9.Oneday,hegottothetopofonetreeandsomethingcaughthiseye.Helookedoutacrossthetreesandsawthetopsofsomeoldbuildings.10.Herantotellthelocalgovernorexcitedly,andtogethertheywalkedintothejungle.TheretheyfoundTikal,thecitythattheMayanshadbuiltmanyhundredsofyearsbefore.Thetwomensawpyramids,squaresandhouses.Foralongtimebeforethatday,localpeoplehadknownthatsomewhereinthejungletherewasanoldMayancity.11.Between200and900AD,thecityofTikalhadbeenthecentreofMayancivilisation(文明)inthearea,butthentheMayansleftit—nobodyknowswhy!After1000AD,thejunglebegantocoverit.12.SevenyearsbeforeTutfoundTikal,twoBritishexplorershadgonetoGuatemalaandhadwrittenareportaboutMayantreasuresinthejungle—buttheyhadn’tmentionedTikal.Evenearlierthanthis,localIndianshadtoldpeopleaboutagreatcityhiddeninthetrees,butnoonehadlistenedtothem.13.Nowthelostcityhadbeenfoundagain,andpeoplewentthereimmediatelytoseeit.A.Butnoonehadseenitforcenturies.B.Todothis,hehadtoclimbthetrees.C.Andthenpeopleforgotthatitwasthere.D.Sotheylostthechancetofindthetreasure.E.Tutfoundmanyothertreasuresafterthat.F.MoreandmorescientistsbegantostudytheMayancity.G.Tutdidn’treallyknowwhathehadseenbutheknewitwassomethingspecial.9.解析:根據(jù)上文中的“Tutwasagumcollector,lookingforguminthejungle.”及下文中的“hegottothetopofonetree”可知,圖特是樹(shù)膠采集者,當(dāng)他爬到樹(shù)上尋找樹(shù)膠時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了蒂卡爾。故選B。答案:B10.解析:根據(jù)下文中的“Herantotell...walkedintothejungle.”可知,圖特不知道他看到的是什么建筑,但他知道那肯定不一般,所以他興奮地跑去找當(dāng)?shù)氐拈L(zhǎng)官同他前往那里一探究竟。故選G。答案:G11.解析:根據(jù)上文中的“Foralongtimebeforethatday...therewasanoldMayancity.”及下文中的“After1000AD,thejunglebegantocoverit.”可知,當(dāng)?shù)厝酥绤擦掷镉幸蛔斞殴懦?但幾百年來(lái)都沒(méi)有人見(jiàn)過(guò)它。故選A。答案:A12.解析:根據(jù)上文中的“thejunglebegantocoverit”可知,森林覆蓋住了這座瑪雅古城,所以人們漸漸地忘記了它的存在。故選C。答案:C13.解析:根據(jù)上文中的“Evenearlierthanthis...hadlistenedtothem.”可知,當(dāng)?shù)赜〉诎踩嗽嬖V人們叢林里有一座偉大的城市,但人們都不相信,因而失去了發(fā)現(xiàn)蒂卡爾這個(gè)寶藏的機(jī)會(huì)。故選D。答案:DⅤ.完形填空Lastweektheelectricityinmyflatwentout.Ihadjustgothomefromworkandwas1makingmytea,whenallofasuddenthepowerwasoff.Iwassurroundedbycomplete2.Thelightshadgoneout,theovenhadstoppedworkingandmyphonewasnolonger3.MyflatmatesandItriedto4itbutwesoonrealisedthatwecouldn’t.Wewouldhavetowaitfora(n)5tocomethenextmorning.Thisleftmeawholenightwithoutany6.MytypicaleveningisspentwatchingTVandlookingthroughsocialmedia.Atthatnightthiswasn’t7.DuetothelackoflightsIcouldn’tevenreadabook.Weweren’tpreparedwithcandlesormatches.Wejustrelytoomuchonelectricity,expectingthatitwill8.

Soformeitwasanearlynighttosleep.AndIcouldn’thelpbutthink,dowe9electricitytoomuch?Thatnight,losingourelectricityfeltlikelosingabasic10,asbasicasrunningwater.Butreally,electricityisaluxury(奢侈品)thatwe’vegrownto11forgranted.Iuseelectricityallthetime,evenwhenit’snotreallynecessary.Iuseitto12myphonewhenIhavetowaitforevenjustaminute,forexamplewhenwaitingforfriends.

Ouroveruseofelectricityisabig13.Itcontributestoglobalwarming,whichissomethingthatwereallyshouldbeworriedabout.Itisharmingourenvironmentandweneedtodowhatwecantostopit.Howwouldwe14inaworldwithoutelectricity?Cuttingbackonouruseofelectricitywouldsaveenergyresourcessothattheycouldlastforlonger.Iknow15thatIcancutdownonmyuseofelectricity.

1.A.occasionally B.happilyC.urgently D.apparently解析:根據(jù)空前的“justgothomefromwork”及空后的“makingmytea”可知,作者下班后正在愜意地沏茶。occasionally偶爾,偶然;happily開(kāi)心地;urgently緊急地,急迫地;apparently顯然地。故選B。答案:B2.A.silence B.bitternessC.darkness D.astonishment解析:根據(jù)上文中的“thepowerwasoff”可知,停電了,室內(nèi)一片漆黑。silence寂靜,沉默;bitterness痛苦;darkness黑暗,漆黑;astonishment驚訝。故選C。答案:C3.A.calling B.chargingC.controlling D.existing解析:根據(jù)上文所講的停電一事以及空前的“myphonewasnolonger”可知,此處指作者的手機(jī)不再充電了。call呼叫,稱呼;charge給……充電,控告;control控制;exist存在。故選B。答案:B4.A.set B.putC.get D.fix解析:根據(jù)上文“allofasuddenthepowerwasoff”可知,作者跟室友嘗試修復(fù)電。set設(shè)置;put放,安置;get得到;fix修理。故選D。答案:D5.A.friend B.assistantC.electrician D.neighbour解析:根據(jù)上文可知,作者和室友嘗試修復(fù)電路,但很快意識(shí)到他們做不到,所以只能等電工來(lái)修。friend朋友;assistant助理,助手;electrician電工;neighbour鄰居。故選C。答案:C6.A.electricity B.expectationC.recognition D.facility解析:根據(jù)上文可知,電工第二天早上才來(lái)修電路,所以作者整晚都要在沒(méi)有電的環(huán)境中度過(guò)了。electricity電;expectation預(yù)料,期待;recognition認(rèn)識(shí),承認(rèn);facility設(shè)施。故選A。答案:A7.A.possible B.frequentC.important D.general解析:根據(jù)上文中的“MytypicaleveningisspentwatchingTVandlookingthroughsocialmedia.”可知,因?yàn)槟峭頉](méi)電,所以完全不可能做這些事情。possible可能的;frequent頻繁的;important重要的;general普遍的,大概的。故選A。答案:A8.A.fail B.workC.leave D.appear解析:根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處是說(shuō)作者和室友太依賴電了,總期望它會(huì)一直工作。fail失敗;work工作;leave離開(kāi);appear出現(xiàn)。故選B。答案:B9.A.lookon B.holdonC.liveon D.dependon解析:根據(jù)上文中的“Wejustrelytoomuchonelectricity,expectingthatitwill...”可知,作者反思人們是否太依賴電了。lookon旁觀;holdon握住,堅(jiān)持住;liveon靠……過(guò)活;dependon依賴。故選D。答案:D10.A.regulation B.necessityC.intensity D.system解析:根據(jù)空后的“asbasicasrunningwater”可知,電是一種像自來(lái)水一樣的必需品。regulation章程,規(guī)則;necessity必需品;intensity緊張,強(qiáng)度;system體系,制度。故選B。答案:B11.A.take B.makeC.control D.become解析:句意:但實(shí)際上,電是一種奢侈品,而我們逐漸把它當(dāng)成了一種理所當(dāng)然的東西。take拿,攜帶;make使;control控制;become變成。take...forgranted為固定搭配,意為“認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然”。故選A。答案:A12.A.keep B.checkC.read D.search解析:根據(jù)空后的“whenIhavetowaitforevenjustaminute”可知,即使僅需等候一分鐘的時(shí)候,作者也會(huì)用電(即插上充電器)來(lái)查看手機(jī)。keep保持;check檢查,查看;read讀;search搜索,查找。故選B。答案:B13.A.challenge B.temptationC.question D.problem解析:根據(jù)下文中的“Itcontributestoglobalwarming”可知,過(guò)度用電是一個(gè)很大的問(wèn)題。challenge挑戰(zhàn);temptation引誘,誘惑;question問(wèn)題,疑惑;problem問(wèn)題。故選D。答案:D14.A.survive B.succeedC.supply D.sacrifice解析:根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處是說(shuō)“我們?cè)趺丛跊](méi)有電的世界生存呢?”survive生存,幸存;succeed成功;supply供應(yīng),供給;sacrifice犧牲。故選A。答案:A15.A.afterall B.attimesC.forsure D.withease解析:句意:我確信我能減少用電量。afterall畢竟;attimes有時(shí);forsure肯定,無(wú)疑;withease輕松地,不費(fèi)力地。故選C。答案:CⅥ.讀后續(xù)寫Itwasanartlesson.Rachelsatatthedeskwatchingherclassmatesbusypreparingthewaterjarsandpaints.SheunderstoodwhyMrsWestonaskedhertositdownandgotLisatofetcheverythingforher.ItwasalwaysadisasterwhenRacheltriedtodoart!Rachelsighedandreachedouttodipherbrushinsomeblackpaintand—oh,no!Sheknockedoverthejar.Thewaterspreadacrossthedeskanddrownedthepaper.LisacalledMrsWestontoseewhatRachelhaddone.Rachelwentredintheface.Shejumpedtoherfeettogetacloth.Herchairfelloverbackwards.SheturnedroundandherpaintbrushcaughtLisaacrosstheface,givingherablackmoustache.Lisawassosurprisedthatshefellbackagainstawirebookstand.Itwasknockeddownandthebookswentalloverthefloor.Howclumsy(笨拙的)!Rachelthoughtasshewenthomeonthebus.Thebusstoppedoutsideherhouse.Shejumpedupandherelbow(肘部)knockedawoman’shatrightoverhereyes.Oh,no!Rach