語法基礎知識復習講義數詞（學生版）

知識梳理專題四數詞知識梳理專題四數詞★★★考點一：基數詞和序數詞一、基數詞的構成：表示數目多少的詞稱為基數詞。數字基數詞形式舉例1~12獨立詞one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13~19個位數+teen(13,15,18稍有變化)three—thirteen,four—fourteen,five—fifteen整十數個位數+ty(20,30,40,50,80稍有變化)two—twenty,three—thirty,four—forty,six—sixty幾十幾整十數加“”再加個位數21:twentyone,55:fiftyfive幾百幾...hundred+and+...288:twohundredandeightyeight二、序數詞的構成：表示順序的詞稱為序數詞?；鶖翟~變序數詞的規(guī)則：（1）1~3的序數詞為不規(guī)則變化one—two—three—（2）4~19的序數詞由“基數詞+th”構成four—fourthseven—seventhsixteen—sixteenth?其中第五、第八、第九、第十二為特殊形式five—eight—nine—twelve—（3）整數第幾十的序數詞形式為把y變成ie，再加thtwenty—thirty—（4）從“二十一”以后的基數詞在變序數詞時，只需將個位數變成序數詞twenty—one→基變序，有規(guī)律，后面th加上去。1,2,3，特殊記，8加h，9去e；基變序，有規(guī)律，后面th加上去。1,2,3，特殊記，8加h，9去e；ve要用f替，見y變成i和e；若是遇上幾十幾，只變個位就可以！序數詞的縮寫形式：“阿拉伯數字+序數詞最后面的兩個字母”。例如:first→1st;seventeenth→17th;twentysecond→22nd;thirtythird→33rd。三、基數詞的用法用途舉例表示數量twelvefloors十二層樓1,250students1250個學生表示年齡sixteenyearsold十六歲表示編號（名詞+數字）LessonOne第一課Room802802號房間表示年份、年代innineteenninetyeight在1998年表示時間Junethefirst(6月1日),atsixo’clock(在6點鐘)【知識拓展】1.inone’s+整十基數詞的復數形式，表示“在某人多少歲時”，如：在我二十多歲時2.復合形容詞：（1）基數詞+名詞（單數）如：atwomonthholiday兩個月的假期（2）基數詞+名詞（單數）+形容詞如：a100metrelongbridge一座100米長的大橋3.時間表達法：時間類型表示法例讀法整點基數詞+o’clock1:00oneo’clock>30分鐘分鐘+past+小時2:10tenpasttwo=30分鐘half+past+小時3:30halfpastthree<30分鐘（60分鐘）+to+（小時+1）4:40twentytofive分鐘逢15（即一刻鐘）aquarter5:156:45aquarterpastfiveaquartertoseven順讀法小時+分鐘7:50sevenfifty序數詞前通常要加定冠詞“the”，序數詞前通常要加定冠詞“the”，但有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格時不加“the”用途舉例表示順序thetwentyfirstcentury第21世紀mysecondcar我的第二輛車表示日期onOct.1st,2008在2008年10月1日表示數量（a/an+序數詞+名詞）“又一；再一”Pleasegivemeasecondchance.請再給我一次機會?；A練習基礎練習用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Jimwonthe____________(one)prizeinthewritingpetition.2.Thisismy____________(three)visittoBeijing.3.Wewillhavethe____________(eight)lessonintenminutes.4.January21isthe____________(twentyone)dayofJanuary.5.NextFridayismygrandfather’s____________(seventy)birthday.6.Mygrandfatherlikestakingexercise.Hestillkeepsrunninginhis____________(sixty).7..,ThanksgivingDayfallsonthe____________(four)ThursdayinNovember.8.Tomorrowwillbemysister’s____________(twelve)birthdayandwe’llhaveapartytocelebrateit.9.Billyisfourteenyearsoldandinthe____________(nine)gradeinajuniorhighschool.10.AlthoughZhangGuimeiisalreadyinher____________(sixty),shestillhelpsgirlsgotocollege.真題演練真題演練用所給詞的適當形式填空1.(2023·眉山中考改編)—Tim,howoftendoyouvisityourgrandparents?—____________(one)aweek.Ireallyenjoystayingwiththem.2.(2023·白銀、臨夏州中考)Ourhomeisthe____________(three)fromtheendontheleft.3.(2023·龍東中考)Harbinisabeautifulcity.So____________(million)ofpeopleeheretoenjoysnoweverywinter.4.(2022·泰安中考改編)Thereare5peoplewaitingforthebusinfrontofme.Iamthe____________(six)one.5.(2022·盤錦中考)Lookatthephoto!The____________(nine)boyfromtherightismybestfriend.6.（2023·甘肅定西三模）It’swonderfultoliveonthe____________(twelve)floor.Youcanseethewholetown.7.（2023·上海楊浦三模）The____________（eight）personfromtherightinthephotoismycousin,Linda.8.（2023·云南昆明二模）Chinacelebratedthe____________(thirteen)ChinaTourismDayonMay19thinTengchong,YunnanProvince.9.（2023·上海浦東新二模）DoctorWangkeepsrunningmarathonseventhoughhe’sinhis____________(sixty).10.（2023·上海虹口二模）Itisthe____________(two)timethatmycousinandIhavebeentoBeijing.考點二：分數的表達法分數的結構為：分子分母分數的結構為：分子分母（）詞（）詞分子大于1，分母用（單數/復數）如：五分之一三分之二四分之三六分之一【注意】一些特殊的分數表達法：ahalf二分之一aquarter=onefourth四分之一threequarters=threefourths四分之三【知識拓展】百分數的表達：“基數詞+percent”（percent無復數形式）如：fivepercent5%twentypercent20%★★考點三：概數詞hundred（百）、thousand（千）、million（百萬）、billion（億）表示具體數量：表示具體數量：基數詞＋hundredthousandmillionbillion不加s和of表示不確切數量：表示不確切數量：hundredsthousandsmillionsbillions＋of要加s和of如：六百本書數千人兩百萬美元數百棵樹基礎練習基礎練習1.—Howmanybirdscanyouseeinthetrees?—Icansee________birdsinthem.A.hundredsof B.fivehundreds C.hundredof D.fivehundredsof2.______black—headedgulls(紅嘴鷗)etoKunmingtospendtheirwintereveryyear.A.Thousands B.ThousandsofC.Thousandof D.Thousand3.________ofthestudentsintheclassroomaregirls.A.ThreefourB.ThreefourthC.ThreefourthsD.Thirdfour4.—________volunteerstookpartintheWinterOlympicGames.—Theyareverygreat.Weareproudofthem.A.Thousand B.Thousands C.ThousandsofD.Twothousandsof真題演練真題演練一、單項選擇1.（2022·遼寧鞍山）—Didyouwatchthesecond“Tiangonglecture”(天宮課堂)onMarch23,2022?—Yes,abouttwo________studentsinourschoolwatchedit.A．thousand B．thousandsof C．million D．millionsof2.（2022·廣西河池）Nowadays,________birdsflytothewarmsouthinwinter.A．million B．millions C．twomillions D．millionsof3.（2022·貴州黔東南）—________isthepopulationofGuizhou?—Ithasmorethan________people.A．Howmuch;thirtyeightmillionsof B．Howmany;thirtyeightmillionofC．