Unit+4+History+And+Traditions+Discovering+Useful+Structures+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)課件 高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）必修第二冊(cè)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的概念：動(dòng)詞的基本用法是作謂語(yǔ)。當(dāng)句中已經(jīng)有了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞了，要選或要填的動(dòng)詞就只能用非謂語(yǔ)形式了。非謂語(yǔ)形式有三種：1、動(dòng)詞不定式：todo2、動(dòng)詞的ing:doing3、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：done謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

一般式動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)todotobedone動(dòng)詞ing形式主動(dòng)doing被動(dòng)beingdone動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)done非一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1．過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置(1)前置定語(yǔ)一般情況下，單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作前置定語(yǔ)，即放在所修飾詞之前。ThepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofCholera.被污染的水造成了霍亂的傳播。Therecoveredanimalswillbereleasedsoon.痊愈的動(dòng)物很快會(huì)被釋放。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)有些過(guò)去分詞表示特定含義時(shí)，單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ)也放在所修飾的名詞之后，如left(剩余的),given(所給的),concerned(有關(guān)的)等。Therearefewtigersleft.Itistimeforthedepartmentsconcernedtotakemeasurestoprotectthemfromdyingout.剩余的老虎不多了，是相關(guān)部門(mén)采取措施保護(hù)它們免遭滅絕的時(shí)候了。(2)如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no與thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞，或是指示代詞those等，單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。Isthereanythingunsolved？還有什么沒(méi)解決的嗎？(2)后置定語(yǔ)

過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)往往作后置定語(yǔ)，即放在所修飾詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。LastTuesdayinamountainousarea,therewereatotalof173sheepkilledalmostimmediately(＝whichwerekilledalmostimmediately)whenlightningstruck.上周二在一個(gè)山區(qū)，當(dāng)雷擊發(fā)生時(shí)有173只羊當(dāng)場(chǎng)死亡。單句語(yǔ)法填空①Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.②Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudyconducted(conduct)inAustraliain2018.③Heisateacherloved(love)byhisstudents.④Thegirl,brought(bring)upbyheruncle，hasbeguntoworknow.2．過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的意義

(1)及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上表示被動(dòng)；在時(shí)間上，常表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，有時(shí)也表示無(wú)時(shí)間性。Trucksandbusesweredrivenongascarriedinlargebagsontheroof.卡車(chē)和汽車(chē)都是靠裝在頂部大袋子里的氣體來(lái)推動(dòng)前進(jìn)的。(表示被動(dòng))Theplanputforwardatthemeetingwillbecarriedoutsoon.會(huì)上提出的計(jì)劃將很快被執(zhí)行。(表示被動(dòng)和完成)(2)不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成(不表示被動(dòng)意義)。Ourretiredsoccercoachwenttowatchusplayagamelastweek.上周，我們已退休的足球教練去看我們打了一場(chǎng)比賽。Therisensunisshiningbrightlyinthemorning.初升的太陽(yáng)在早晨明亮地照耀著?，F(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。也可表示存在的狀態(tài)或一般情況。ShewentonboardthetrainleavingforShanghai.＝Shewentonboardthetrain,whichwasleavingforShanghai.Tellthechildrenplayingthere(正在那邊玩的)nottomakesomuchnoise.Helivesinaroomfacingsouth(朝南的).三、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后，與所修飾詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，一般用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。Ihavemuchtodo.Ihaveaquestiontoask.Shehasabighousetolivein.Thelonelymanhasnoonetotalkto.注意：1）不定式做定語(yǔ)，句子找不出邏輯主語(yǔ)或不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句中的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，則一般用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).Herbossgotalotofletterstobetyped.WeareinvitedtoapartytobeheldinourclubnextFriday.I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?（post與主語(yǔ)you之間不存在主被動(dòng)關(guān)系，只和前面letter構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。）2）當(dāng)被修飾的名詞前有thefirst,thesecond,theonly,thenext,thebest,thelast等序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)，用不定式作定語(yǔ)。Hewasthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.Themangeristhelasttocometothemeeting.3)以下名詞常用不定式作定語(yǔ)（plan,chance,right,opportunity,way,time,ability，attempt）Itistimetogotowork.Itishiswaytodealwithproblem.(那是他處理問(wèn)題的方法。)過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別過(guò)去分詞done被動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成現(xiàn)在分詞doing主動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行

beingdone被動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行不定式todo主動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生

tobedone被動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourteachingbuilding.去年建造的那棟樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourteachingbuilding.現(xiàn)在正在建造的那棟樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourteachingbuilding.下個(gè)月將要建造的那棟樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thecarsbeingsold(sell)atthemarketnowaremadeinGuangzhou.②TsinghuaUniversity，founded(found)in1911，ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.③Therearestillmanyproblemstobesolved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.一、語(yǔ)法填空1.Thebosswouldn'tlikethetopicdiscussed(discuss)atthemeeting.2.Thebookswritten(write)byhimarepopular.3.WhenIgotthere，Ifoundtherepaired(repair)farmtools.4.Mostcollegesnowofferstudentsacoursespeciallydesigned(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.5.Iliketheoldhousebuilt(build)ofwoodandmud.用過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)下面的句子1.Mostofthepeoplewhohadbeenquestionedwerestudents.→Mostofthepeoplequestionedwerestudents.2.Thebookswhichwereboughtyesterdayareofhighquality.→Thebooksboughtyesterdayareofhighquality.3.Doyouknowthenumberofthebookswhichhavebeenordered？→Doyouknowthenumberofthebooksordered？4.Hethrewawaythesweaterwhichhadbeenwornout.→Hethrewawaythewornoutsweater.選擇1．C

2．D3