金融英語中級法律3

金融英語中級法律-3

（總分:156.00,做題時間：90分鐘）

一、{{BISECTIONONE{{/B}}（總題數(shù)：8,分數(shù)：16.00）

1.Brieflyexplainvoid,voidableandunenforceablecontract.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：Avoidcontractisonewhichdoesnotexistand

whichhasneverexisted.Acontractisvoidwhenitisdestituteofalllegaleffect.A

contractisvoidablewhenthelawallowsoneofthecontractingpartiestowithdrawfromthe

contractifhesowishes.Acontractisunenforceablewhen,althoughitisvalidifthe

partiesperformit,itcannotbeenforcedinthecourtsoflawifeitherpartyfailstodo

so.）

解析：

2.Whatmusttheplaintiffproveinordertosucceedinanactionofnegligence.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

填空項1:（正確答案：Thedefendantowedtheplaintiffalegaldutyof

care.）

解析：Thedefendantwasinabreachofthatduty.Theplaintiffsuffereddamageasaresult

ofthrubreach.

3.Whatisacheque?

（分數(shù)：2.00）

填空項1:（正確答案：Achequeisabillofexchangedrawnonabanker

payableondemand.）

解析：

4.Whoaretheholdersofbillsofexchange,listtwoofthem.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

填空項1:（正確答案：Payee）

角軍析：IndorseeBearer

5.Thebillmustbeinwriting.Doesthismeantherulesgoverningwrittencontractapply?

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填空項1：（正確答案：Yes.）

解析：

6.List2factorsthataffectthevalidityofanotherwiseeffectivecontract.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

填空項1:（正確答案：Misrepresentation）

角軍析：DuressUndueinfluenceIllegality

7.Write2waysthatterminateanoffer.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

填空項1：（正確答案：Revocation）

角軍析：RejectionLapseoftimeDeathofeitherpartyFailureofaconditionsubjecttowhich

theofferwasmade.

8.Abillismadepayableto〃'"order”,whatkindofbillofexchangeisit?

（分數(shù)：2.00）

填空項1:（正確答案：Orderbill）

解析：

二、{{BISECTIONTWO{{/B}}（總題數(shù):16,分數(shù)：140.00）

9.Arightinpersonamisarightagainstaparticularpersononly.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

A.正確V

B.錯誤

解析：

10.Easementisarighttousetheadjacentlandthatbelongstoanother.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

A.正確V

B.錯誤

解析：

11.Billsofladingarenegotiable.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

A.正確

B.錯誤V

解析：Billsofladingarenotnegotiable.

12.Ausancebillisabillpayableimmediately.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

A.正確

B.錯誤V

解析：Ausancebillisabillpayableatafuturetime.

13.Apromissorynoteisanorder,whereasabillofexchangeisapromise.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

A.正確

B.錯誤V

角軍析：Apromissorynoteisapromise,whereasabillofexchangeisanorder.

14.Theputtingupofgoodsforsalebyauctionisanoffer.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

A.正確

B.錯誤J

解析：Theputtingupofgoodsforsalebyauctionisnotanoffer.

15.Anoffercannotbemadetotheworldatlarge.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

A.正確

B.錯誤V

角畢析：Anoffercanbemadetotheworldatlarge.

16.Slanderisakindofdefamationinwrittenform.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

A.正確

B.錯誤V

角星析：Slanderisakindofdefamationintransientform.

17.Offersandrevocationsareeffectiveuponposting,butacceptancesareeffectiveupon

receipt.

（分數(shù)：2.00）

A.正確

B.錯誤V

解析：Offersandrevocationsareeffectiveuponreceipt,butacceptancesareeffectiveupon

posting.

18.Pastconsiderationisnotagoodconsiderationfornegotiableinstruments.

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A.正確

B.錯誤V

解析：Pastconsiderationisagoodconsiderationfornegotiableinstruments.

19.JohnwrotetoMaryasking〃Willyousellyoursecond-handcar?Pleasetellmeyourlowest

price."Maryrepliedinaletter:〃Thelowestpriceformyusedcaris$2,000.〃Johnthen

sentthesecondlettertoMarysayingthatheagreedtobuytheusedcarfor$2,000.But

beforeMaryreceivedtheletterfromJohn,MarysoldherusedcartoDavid.CanJohnsue

Marytoenforcethecontract?

（分數(shù)：20.00）

正確答案：（）

角軍析：Anofferisaproposalmadebytheofferortotheoffereewiththeintentionthatit

shallbecomebindingassoonasitisaccepted.Anoffermustcarrythedefiniteintention

tobeboundwhichisdifferentfromsupplyofinformation.InHarveyv.Facey,1893,wherea

telegraphcommunicationwasexchangedbetweentheparties.Harvey:"WillyousellusBumper

HallPen?Telegraphlowestprice."Facey:"LowestpriceforBumperHallPenis$900.〃

Harvey:〃WeagreetobuyBumperHallPenfor$900askedbyyou."Tothislasttelegram

Faceymadenoreply.Itwasheldthattherewasnocontractbetweenthepartiesasthe

defendantwasonlyansweringaquestionconcerningtheprice.JohnaskedMaryaboutthe

lowestpriceofMary'susedcar,andJohngotresponsefromMary.Mary'sresponseconcerning

theprice,followingthelegalprinciplesofabove-mentionedcase,doesnotcarrythe

definiteintentiontobeboundandMarywasonlyansweringaquestionconcerningtheprice.

Anofferisdifferentfromsupplyofinformation.Itissupplyofinformationtostatethe

priceatwhichsomethingmightbesoldinrespondtoarequestforinformation.SoMary's

replyisnotanoffer,andthereisnocontractexistedbetweenJohnandMary.Johncannot

sueMarytoenforcethecontract.

20.ChanwantedtosellhisbusinessinwhichLeewasinterested.Duringthecourseof

negotiationsinJanuary,Chancorrectlyrepresentedthetakingstobeabout$40,000a

month.ThecontractwasnotsigneduntilJunewhentakingshadfallento$1,000amonth

owingtoChan'sillness.Chandidnotmentionthedropwhenthecontractwasenteredintoin

June.CanLeerescindthecontract?

（分數(shù)：20.00）

正確答案：（）

角畢析：Amisrepresentationisanuntruestatementoffactmadebyonecontractingpartyto

theothertoinducetheotherpartytoenterintocontract.Ingeneral,arepresentationis

astatementofsomeexistingfactsorpastevents.Silencedoesnotnormallyamountto

representation.Butwhereastatementistruewhenitismade,andsubsequentlybecomes

falsebeforetheconclusionofthecontract,thestatementisrepresentation.Inwithv.

09Flanagan,1936,wherethedefendantwasamedicalpractitionerwhowishedtosellhis

practice.InJanuary,1934,thedefendantinformedtheplaintiffthattheincomefromthe

practicewas$2,000.Fivemonthslaterwhenthecontractwassignedtheincomehadfallen

considerablyduetothedefendant*sillnessandnomentionofthisfactwasmadetothe

plaintiff.Theplaintiffclaimedrescissionofthecontract.Itwasheldthattheplaintiff

couldrescindthecontractastherewasmisrepresentation.Chan'sstatementconcerning

takingstobe$4,000amonthduringthenegotiationistrue.Butfivemonthslater,the

takingshadfallento$1,000.Chan，srepresentation,followingthelegalprincipleof

above-mentionedcase,turnstobefalsebeforetheconclusionofthecontract.Chanshould

correcthisstatementconcerningthetakingsafterthechange,buthekeptsilent.His

silenceamountstomisrepresentationwhichaffectsthegenuinenessofassentoftheother

party—Lee.Leecanrescindthecontract.

21.Writeshortnoteson:(a)Whatmusttheplaintiffproveinordertosucceedinmiaction

ofnegligence?(b)Explainthedefencesavailabletothedefendantinanactionbasedon

tort,(c)ExplaintheruleestablishedinHedleyByrne&Co.Ltd.v.Heller&PartnersLtd.

(1964)

(分數(shù)：20.00)

正確答案:0

解析：(a)Asanindependentandspecifictort,negligencemeasuresbehaviouragainstan

objectivestandard.Theplaintiffmustprovethat:thedefendantowedhimalegaldutyof

care;thedefendantwasinabreachofthatduty;andhehasasuffereddamageasaresult

ofthatbreach,(b)Defendant，sdefencesEveniftheplaintiffcanproveallthreeelements

ofnegligence,thedefendantcanestablishdefencestotheplaintiff，sclaimcontributory

negligencevoluntaryassumptionofriskonthepartoftheplaintiffthedamagesufferedby

theplaintiffistooremote,(c)HedleyByrne&Ltd.v.Heller&PartnersLtd.,1964Itwas

heldinthecasethatliabilitywouldattachfornegligentstatements,resultingin

financiallosstotheplaintiff,solongascertainconditionsaresatisfied.These

conditionsare:theplaintiffmustrelyontheadvicesoughtbyhim,andgivenbydefendant;

thedefendantisawareoftheplaintiff*srelianceonhisadvice;thecircumstancesmustbe

suchthatplaintiff'srelianceisreasonable.Theadviceisgivenbyprofessionaladvisers

suchasaccountants,bankers,investmentadvisers,etc.Itisimportanttonotethatmere

knowledgethattheplaintiffwillrelyonthedefendantJsadviceorinformationisnot

sufficient;whatmattersiswhetherthedefendantknowsthattheplaintiffwillrelyonthe

defendantJsadviceorinformationforuseintheplaintiff*stransactionincontemplation.

22.(a)Definecheque,(b)Explainanyfivepointsofthedifferencesbetweenchequesand

billsofexchange.

(分數(shù)：20.00)

正確答案：()

角軍析：(a)Section73(1)andsection3(1)ofBillsofExchangeOrdinancedefinethecheque

asanunconditionalorderinwriting,addressedbyapersontoabank,signedbytheperson

makingit,requiringthebanktopayondemandastuncertaininmoneyto,ortotheorder

of,aspecifiedpersonortobearer,(b)Differencesbetweenchequesandbillsofexchange:

Thedraweeofachequeisabanker.Thedraweeofachequeisnotliabletotheholderfor

refusingpayment,sincethebankerneveracceptsthecheque.Therolesonacceptancedonot

applytocheques.Becausemostchequesareusuallynotnegotiated,therulesonnegotiation

havelittlesignificance.Delayinpresentingachequeforpaymentdoesnotdischargethe

drawer,unlesshesuffersactuallossthroughthedelay.Therulesconcerningcrossingsare

confinedtochequesandcertainotherinstrumentsandnottootherbills.Paymentofan

orderchequewithaforgedorunauthorizedindorsementdischargesthepayingbankerif

certainstatutoryexemptionsapply,butinthesamesituation,theacceptorofabillwould

notbedischarged.Basedonthecontractualrelationshipbetweenabankerandacustomer,a

numberofimpliedobligationsareimposedonthemtowardstheotherbylaw.

23.Writeshortnoteson:(a)Realproperty,(b)Personalproperty.

(分數(shù)：20.00)

正確答案：（）

角軍析：(a)Realpropertyisimmovablepropertywhichissubjecttoactionsinrem.Real

propertyconsistsofthefollowing:land:Section2ofConveyancingandPropertyOrdinance

statesthatlandincludes:(i)landcoveredbywater;(ii)anyestate,fight,interestor

easement;(iii)thewholeorpartofanundividedshareinlandandanyestate,right,

interestoreasementinoroverthewholeorpartofanundividedshareinland,building

andfixtures:Section2statesthatlandincludesthingsattachedtolandorpermanently

fastenedtolandandanythingattachedtoland.(b)Personalpropertyismovableproperty

andintangiblepropertywhichissubjecttoactionsinpersonam.Personalpropertyincludes:

-chattelsreal,i.e.personalpropertyrecoverableand/orenforceablebytakinganaction

inrem