考點31閱讀理解之議論文-2023年中考英語一輪復(fù)習（原卷版）

考點31閱讀理解之議論文議論文往往有觀點，有事實，邏輯性強，命題往往從事實的有關(guān)細節(jié)及文章的主旨或作者的表達意圖等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力，或者說根據(jù)情境能揣測作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀理解一樣，可以有主旨大意、細節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測等幾種出題方式。一、重視文章標題，找準全文主題句，把握文章主旨標題往往是全文的主題，審視標題，有利于理解全文，提高解題效率。主題句對全文起提示、啟迪、概括、歸納之作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么，也可以知道作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內(nèi)容。議論文題材偏難，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用總—分—總的結(jié)構(gòu)，交替使用正面和反面的論證方式。通常，先總說現(xiàn)象或觀點；其次，正面陳述、反面論證；最后作者表明自己的態(tài)度，再次總結(jié)文章。通常主題句會出現(xiàn)在文章的首句或句末，在這些地方要多留意表示歸納的詞匯，也可以在具體事例之后或之前的表示觀點的陳述句中尋找。二、細讀文章，注意文章細節(jié)理解除主旨題外，細節(jié)理解題也是閱讀理解題中的基礎(chǔ)題，它主要考查學生對文中的具體事例、數(shù)字、時間、地點等的理解。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)排序題(按事情發(fā)展順序排序)，圖表題(按文章內(nèi)容找出正確圖形)，正誤題(依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對所列的陳述進行正誤判斷)。對這種題型，無論細節(jié)題如何變化形式，立足點都應(yīng)是從文章中找出相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)。雖然答案中有的細節(jié)在文中很清楚，但可能與問題無關(guān)。細節(jié)題的破解一般用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進行整合、分析、對比，有根據(jù)地排除干擾項，選出正確答案。假如問題采用的是反向思維，題中含有not或except等表示否定意義的詞，則需要更加留意。此法可以加強閱讀的針對性，提高做題的準確率。做此類題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。三、理解整體語篇，掌握作者意圖做推理判斷題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的同時，對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，站在作者的視角，而不是主觀臆斷、憑空想象，從而走入誤區(qū)。英語文章講究使用主題段與主題句，段與段之間通常有過渡性詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫。有時文章還會在時間順序、空間順序或邏輯推理上運用較高級的手段進行組編。要想準確、深刻地理解文章，必須對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握全篇的文脈，即句內(nèi)、句間和段落間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。作者往往在構(gòu)思語篇前會進行預(yù)先設(shè)定：讀者知道什么，不知道什么，讀者可能與自己共同擁有什么樣的生活經(jīng)驗、思想見地和需求欲望等，然后設(shè)計一些隱藏在語篇深層的＂潛臺詞＂。因此，這類試題要求考生利用主題句進行推測，揣摩文字背后作者的意圖，運用背景知識去挖掘文章的深層含義，從而正確理解作者的言外之意，同時認真體會文章的語氣與感情基調(diào)。四、多讀多背，擴大詞匯量，掌握猜詞技巧由于當今的閱讀文章題材廣泛，體裁多樣，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義，甚至出現(xiàn)沒學過的詞匯。許多學生感到困擾很大，有的甚至煩躁得難以堅持閱讀下去。要解決閱讀中的生詞問題，一是要擴大英語詞匯量，二是要學習并掌握一些猜測生詞詞義的方法，如：利用同義、反義、上義、下義、詞的集合、詞的搭配等關(guān)系；利用照應(yīng)、替代、省略、定義、舉例等情境關(guān)系；利用詞綴、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成等構(gòu)詞法；利用后置定語或同位語等語法結(jié)構(gòu)；利用前后對比或因果推理法等。總之，想要提高閱讀能力，尤其是對考生來說難度較大的議論文閱讀，學生應(yīng)能從篇章和試題雙方面入手。通過觀察、體驗、探究等積極主動的學習方法，優(yōu)化閱讀理解中議論文的解題思路和方法策略，提高學生自主學習的能力。Passage1AccordingtothefindingofanewUNreport,theworldwastesaboutonesixthofthefoodeachyear.That’sabout1,030,000,000tons,or121kilogramsforeachpersonontheEarth.61%ofthefoodwasteisfromhomecooking.Foodservices,suchasrestaurants,produce26％andgroceries(食品雜貨店)andotherstores13%.“Wethoughtwastewasaprobleminrichcountries,”saysMartinaOtto,whoworksfortheUNEnvironmentProgram.“However,thenewreportfinds,foodwasteisabigprobleminnationsrichandpoor.”Eachyear,some690,000,000peoplegohungry.Atthesametime,about10%ofallCO2ontheEarthisfromtheactivitiesthatproducethefoodwaste.Controlonfoodwastecanhelpdealwithhungerandcutdownthatpollution.Itishelpfultobothpeopleandtheplanet.Byavoidingwastingfood,wecansavemoneyandtime.Moreimportantly,wecanhelpprotecttheEarth’smostvaluableresources(資源).Thenwhatcanwedotostopfoodwaste?Smallactionsmakeadifference.Eachofuscanplayapart.Nexttime,beforeyouthrow,thinktwice!1．WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Themostfoodwasteesfromhomecooking.B．Foodwasteisaproblemonlyinrichcountries.C．Peoplecanhardlysavemoneyandtimebyavoidingwastingfood.D．Onlygovernmentsshouldtakeactiontostopfoodwaste.2．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．HowwecanprotecttheEarth. B．Whereweshallfindresources.C．Whyweshouldavoidfoodwaste. D．Whatwewilldowithpollution.3．Thetextiswrittento________.A．collectmoney B．callforaction C．getsomeadvice D．expressthanksPassage2Asweallknow,readingisveryimportantinourdailylife.Formingareadinghabitisverynecessaryforusall.Althoughmostparentsdon’tlikedoingitafterlongandtiringworkdays,readingbedtimestoriesdoesmakeagreatinfluenceonyourkids.Takealookattheadvantagesofitandyou’llneverbelazytodothat.Ithelpstodevelopchildren’simagination.Readingbedtimestoriescandevelopyourchildren’sabilitytoformpicturesorideasintheirminds.Ahealthyimaginationmakestheirmindsworkwellandteachesthemtothinkquicklyandclearly.They’llbesuccessfulinmanyfieldsthankstoawonderfulimagination.Itimproveschildren’slanguage.Readingalsoimprovesyourchildren’slanguage.Theyremembermostwordsyousay,soitcanenlargetheirvocabulary.Itisprobableforthemtousethosewordsinthestoriesyoureadrightaftertheyhearthem.Listeningtomanystorieshelpskidstoexpressthemselvesbetter.Itmakeschildrensmarter.Readingbooksmakespeoplesmarter.Whenchildrenhearthesestoriesyoutell,theylearngrammarandvocabulary,forexample.Ithelpsthembesuccessfulinschoolastheyhavealreadyknownalotfromyourstories.What’smore,everystoryhasitsmeaningandtellthemwhatisgoodandwhatisbadorwrong.Thesereasonsleavenochancesforyoutothinkaboutwhethertoreadbedtimestoriestoyourchildrenornot.Sohowevertiredorbusyyouare,findtimetoreadbedtimestoriestoyourchildren.Theywillthankyouinthefuture,Ipromise.Doyouagreetothesuggestionsabove?Trytoformareadinghabitandinfluenceonthepeoplearoundyou.4．Theunderlinedwordinthepassagerefersto（指代）________.A．minds B．parents C．teachers D．children5．Whydon’tmostparentslikereadingbedtimestoriestotheirkids?A．Becausetheyfeeltiredafterwork.B．Becausetheyfeellikedoingotherthings.C．Becausetheyarebusydoinghousework.D．Becausetheythinkitunnecessarytodoso.6．WhichsentenceisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Readingbedtimestoriesdoesmakeagreatinfluenceonyourkids.B．Ifyouaretiredorbusy,youdon’tneedtoreadbedtimestoriestoyourchildren.C．Readingcanenlargechildren’svocabulary.D．Readingcantellchildrenwhatisgoodandwhatisbadorwrong.7．WhataretheadvantagesofreadingbedtimestoriesEXCEPT________accordingtothepassage?A．ithelpstodevelopchildren’simaginationB．itimproveschildren’slanguageC．itkeepschildrenhealthyD．itmakeschildrensmarterPassage3Today,ourchildrenspendmoreandmoretimeonline.ManychildrenspendalotoftheirfreetimeplayinggamesontheInternet,onvideogamesystemsorontheirmobilephones.IntheUK,99%ofteenkidsaged8to15playvideogameseveryweek,andchildrenasyoungasfiveplayvideogamesregularly(有規(guī)律地).Thisinformationtellsthattheadvantagesanddangersofvideogamesmustbecarefullyconsidered.Formanypeople,________Theyhavebrightlights,funnycartoonsandexcitingstories.Videogamesalsomakeyouthinkinacreativewayandyouhavetomoveyourhandsandeyesquickly.Thiscanimprovethewaythatachild’sbrainworks.Videogamesalsomakechildrenusetheirimagination(想象力).Theplayerhastodomanycreativethings,likedrawingandbuildingthings.Videogamesarealsoagoodwaytoteachchildrenabouttechnologybecausetheycanlearnhowputersandotherdevices(設(shè)備)workwhiletheyplay.However,arecentstudysuggeststhatvideogamescanalsobebadforchildren.First,childrencandownload()manygamesforfree.Theydon’tneedmoney,sotheydon’tneedtoasktheirparentsiftheycandownloadthegames.Thismeansthatparentsoftendon’tknowiftheirchildrenareplayingviolent(暴力的)orscarygames.Second,manychildrenspendtoomuchtimeplayinggamesonputers,smartphonesandiPadsandthiscanleadtohealthproblems–childrenwhospendtoomuchtimeontheputeranddon’texercisecanbeeoverweight.Third,ifchildrenspendtoomuchtimeplayinggamesinsteadofdoinghomework,theycanhaveproblemsatschoolandgetbadgrades.Finally,videogamescanaffectchildren’ssocialskills,theymightnotlearnhowtoplaywiththeirfriends.Inconclusion,itseemsclearthatvideogameshavesomeadvantagesanddisadvantages.Ontheonehand,theyarefunandeducational.Ontheotherhand,theycancauseproblemswithchildren’shealthandsocialskills.Itisuptoparentstoknowwhatgamestheirchildrenareplayingandhowmuchtimetheyspendonthem.Parentsshouldalsomakesuretheirchildrengetenoughexerciseandspendtimewithotherchildren.8．WhatdoesParagraph1reallywanttotellus?A．Manychildrenhavefunplayingvideogamesrecently.B．Childrenataveryyoungageplayvideogamesregularly.C．Playingvideogameshassomanydangersthatwedon’tknow.D．Theadvantagesanddangersofvideogamesmustbefullyconsidered.9．Whichofthefollowingwouldbemostsuitablefor_________inParagraph2?A．videogamesmayhurttheireyes. B．videogamescancostlotsofmoney.C．videogamesarefunandeducational. D．videogamesareasimportantastheirlives.10．Whichisoneofthedisadvantagesofvideogames?A．Playinggamestoomuchmaymakechildrenlazyandsleepy.B．Someimpropergamesmaybedownloadedbychildrenforfree.C．Playinggamesmayleadchildrentomaketoomanyfriendsonline.D．Videogamescanmaketherelationshipbetweenchildrenandparentsworse.11．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Practicemakesperfect. B．AllroadsleadtoRome.C．Everycoinhastwosides. D．Readingmakesafullman.Passage4RepairorReplace?Amuchusedhomeappliance（家用電器）suddenlystopsworking.Youlookatithelplessly.ShouldIrepairitorreplaceit?It’sahardquestionthatalmosteveryfamilyhasfaced.Therearesomanythingstoconsider,fromthecosttotheeffectsontheenvironment.Butyoumaynothavemuchtimetomakeadecisionjustimaginelivingwithoutafridgeinthesummer.Inarecentsurvey,morethan95percentofthe11350participants（參與者）chosetorepairabrokenappliance.Onlythreepercentchosetoreplacetheappliance.Dideachofthemmakeasmartdecision?Inmyopinion,onegreatwayoflookingattheproblemistoworkoutthecurrent（當前的）valueofyourappliance.Whenyoubuyanewhomeappliance,writedownitscostandthenumberofyearsyouexpectittolast.Dividethecostbythenumberofyears.Thiswilltellyouhowmuchvaluetheapplianceloseseachyear.Whentheappliancebreaksdown,youcanquicklyworkoutitscurrentvalue.Ifarepaircostsmorethantheappliance’scurrentvalue,youshouldreplacetheappliance.Otherwise（否則）,youmayconsiderhavingitrepaired.12．Whenahomeappliancedoesn’tworksuddenly,mostofusmay________.A．buyanewproduct B．makeadecisionslowlyC．choosetorepairit D．goonlivingwithoutit13．Whowouldmostprobablyliketoreadthistext?A．Thebossofthepany. B．Thoowneroftheappliance.C．Theclerkofthepany. D．Theengineeroftheappliance.14．Thetextisprobablyfromthepartof___________inthemagazine.A．Travel B．Life C．Science D．SportsPassage5Beforeweuploadaphotoofourselvestosocialmedia,likeWeChat,we’lluseanapptosmoothourskin,makeoureyeslookbigger,andgiveuslongereyelashesandfullerlips.Withacoupleoftouchesonourmobilephone,we’reabletopresentthebestpicturesofourselvestoothers.However,theproblemis,whenwesimplyeditourimperfections(瑕疵)away,we’realsochangingthewaywelookatourourselves.1Lastmonth,researchersfromtheUSBostonUniversitypublishedanarticleSelfies﹣LivingintheEraofFiltered(濾鏡)Photographs.Thearticlelistedthebadeffectsofphotoeditingonpeopleandthepossibilitytocauseappearanceworries.2Theresearchersthinkthattheseappsmakeitdifficulttotellbetweenrealityandfantasy(虛幻).“Theseappsallowonetochangehisorherappearanceinminutesandfollowanunrealisticstandardofbeauty,”thearticlesays.3Inthepast,peoplemightparetheirlookstothosewhowerefamousthattime.Butfortoday’syoungpeople,beautystandardsaremostlikelysetbywhattheyseeonsocialmedia.“Frombirth,theyarebornintoanageofsocialplatforms,andtheirfeelingsareconnectedtohowgoodtheylook,”aBritishdoctorEschosaid.4“Nowyou’vegottheparisonofyourrealselftofakeselfthatyoupresentonsocialmedia,”ReneeEngeln,aprofessoratNorthwesternUniversity,toldtheHuffPostwebsite.Hefurtherpointedoutthatwhenpeoplespendtoomuchtimeparingwithothers,theymaybee“beautysick”andfinditdifficulttoacceptwhattheyactuallylooklike.Sowhenwelookinarealmirror,weshouldn’tthinktoourselves,“DoIlookasgoodasmyselfintheBeautyCam(美顏)?”Instead,weshouldthink,“Ifeelgood,Ihavemyhealth.”15．Whatmaypeopledobeforetheypresentthebestofthemselvesonsocialmedia?A．Wearingfalseeyelashes. B．Reddingtheirlipsbeforegoingout.C．Usingappstoeditphotos. D．Smoothingtheirskininthemorning.16．Whereshouldweputthesentence“Thisiswhymanyyoungpeoplesufferanappearanceworrieswhenitestohowtheyreallylook.”?A．(4) B．(3) C．(2) D．(1)17．Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?A．EverybodylooksasgoodashimselfintheBeautyCam.B．Theseappsmakeiteasytotellbetweenrealityandfantasy.C．Thearticlelistedthebadandgoodeffectsofphotoeditingonpeople.D．Peopletodaypaymoreattentiononhowgoodtheylookthaninthepast.18．Whatdidtheauthorwritethispassagefor?A．Tocallonpeopletocaremoreaboutappearance.B．Tocallonpeoplenottouseappsonmobilephones.C．Tocallonpeopletospendtoomuchtimeparingwithothers.D．Tocallonpeopletolearnsomethingmoreimportantthanappearance.Passage6Inrecentyears,therehavebeenmanyfilmsaboutrobotstryingtotakeovertheworld.Studiesshowthatupto20millionfactoryjobsworldwidecouldbetakenbyrobotsinthenext10years.Somepeopleareworriedaboutwhatmighthappeninthefuture.On8thSeptember,2020,theGuardianpublishedanarticlewrittenbyarobotcalledGPT3.Itwrotethat“robot”esfromtheGreekwordfor“slave”(奴隸)andhumanshavenothingtofearfromrobotsbecausetheyareonlyheretohelphumans.However,thefactthatarobotcouldwritesuchanarticlehasmadesomepeoplefeelevenmoreuneasy.Whereistherobottechnologyheading?Canrobotsandhumansworktogether?YES—they’reheretohelphumans.Robotsarecreatedbyhumansforhumans.Robotstakeonjobsthataretoodangerousforpeopletodobythemselves.Althoughrobotsmighttakesomepeople’sjobs,theywillcreatenewtypesofwork,andtheywillpossiblycreatemorejobsthantheytakeaway.Besides,robots’programmingcouldactuallymakethemmoretrustworthy(值得信賴)thanhumans,becausetheyarenotinfluencedbyfeelings.NO—humansshouldnottrustrobots.Robotsarealreadytakingovertheworld.Jobsthatusedtobedonebyhumanbeingsarenowbeingtakenbyrobots.Althoughrobotsareunderourcontrolnow,thatmightnotalwaysbethecase.AnexperimentinSwitzerlandfoundthatsomerobotshadlearnthowtolietoeachother.WiththedevelopmentofAI(人工智能),robotscouldstarttoactintheirowninterests.Whereverpossible,humansshoulddothingsthemselves.What’syouropiniononthismatter?19．HowdopeoplefeelwhenlearningthatGPT3couldwriteanarticle?A．Theyfeelrelaxed. B．Theyfeelnervous.C．Theyfeelangry. D．Theyfeelsurprised.20．Whatcan’trobotsdoaccordingtothepassage?A．Createnewtypesofwork. B．Actintheirowninterests.C．Dounsafeworkforhumans. D．Learnhowtolietohumans.21．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．GPT3willtakeovertheworld.B．Somerobotshavelearnthowtobelazy.C．Robotsarestillunderthecontrolofhumansnow.D．20millionpeoplefearthattheywilllosetheirjobs.22．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Shouldhumanstrustrobots?B．Willrobotsdoharmtohumans?C．Shouldhumansdothingsthemselves?D．Willrobotsbeetheowneroftheworld?Passage7WhenanItalianmanwenttoworkwithamask(口罩)toprotecthimselffromtheCOVID19,hewascriticized(批評)byhisworkmatesforcausingpanic(恐慌).ButinChinaandotherAsiancountries,almosteveryonewearsamaskduringoutbreaks(爆發(fā)).WhydotheEastandtheWesthavedifferentideasaboutwearingmasks?IntheWest,peoplewearmasksonlywhentheygetsick.Peopleseemasksasatooltoprotectsickpeopleandstopdisease(疾病)fromspreading,sohealthypeopledon’tneedtowearthem.Ifapersongoesoutwithamask,otherpeoplemaylookathimlikeavirus(病毒)spreader.Eventheirfriendstriedtostayawayfromthem.SomeWesternpeoplesaywearingamaskinpublicmakesthemfeel“worried”,“shy”,and“afraidofbeinglookedatdifferently”.ButasthenumberofCOVID19cases(病例)keepsgrowingaroundtheworld,moreandmorehealthypeoplearestartingtowearmaskstoprotectthemselves,peopleintheWestarechangingtheirideas.InAsiancountrieslikeChinaandJapan,wearingmasksismon.In1910,ChinesedoctorWuLiandeinventedthemodernmedicalmask.Duringthe2003SARS,peopleusedmaskswidelyinChinaandEastAsia.ManyChinesealsowearmaskstokeepwarminwinterorprotectagainstairpollution.InJapan,someyoungwomenmaywearmaskswhentheydon’thavetheirmakeup(化妝)on.ManypopstarsinAsiaalsowearmaskstoprotecttheirprivacy(隱私)whentheygoout.ThisculturalbackgroundhasmadeiteasierforpeopleintheEasttowearmasksduringtheCOVID19outbreak.23．HowdidtheItalianman’sworkmatesfeelabouthim?A．Hecausedpanic. B．Hewastooworriedtowork.C．Hedidn’twanttogotowork. D．Hewantedtoprotecthimself.24．WhydoWesternpeoplerefusetowearmasks?A．Becausetheyareafraidtolookuglywithfacemasks.B．Becausetheydon’twantotherstoknowtheyareill.C．Becausetheyhopetofortotherpeopleinthisway.D．Becausetheydon’tthinkhealthypeopleneedmasks.25．Wherewasthemodernmedicalmaskinvented?A．InEngland. B．InChina. C．InJapan. D．IntheUSA．26．WhichofthefollowingisNotTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Asianpeoplewearmaskstoprotecttheirprivacy.B．Asianpeoplewearmaskstoprotectagainstairpollution.C．Asianpeoplewearmaskstostopdiseasefromspreading.D．Asianpeoplewearmaskstomakethemlookfashionable(時尚的).27．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Westernpeople’stroubleofwearingmasks.B．ThereasonswhymasksarepopularinAsianculture.C．DifferentideasofusingmasksinEasternandWesterncountries.D．TheimportanceofwearingmasksduringtheCOVID19outbreak.Passage8Wefeelangryorguiltyaboutthethingswedidordidnotachieve,aboutthethingswecannothave,andmanyotherthings.Itseemsthateveryonecarriestheirownbademotions(情緒).Butneitherguiltnorangercanhelpus.Overtime,theycanbeheavyweightsonourshoulders.Thesebademotionsdon’tdoanythinggoodforusatall.Soyoumightaskyourself—isitpossibletoputdownthisheavyburden(負擔)andgiveyourselfabreak?Itisquitepossible.Startbyactuallylookingatyourfeelings.Howdotheygetinsideofus?Whydowecarrythemforsolonginsteadofputtingthemdown?Canwelivewithoutthem?Bythinkingaboutourbademotions,wecanfindhealthywaystodealwiththem.Unhealthybehaviorsarenotthewaytodothis.Theyprovidenorelief.Instead,therearebetterwaystohandlethem.Oneofthebestwaysisforgiveness.Forgivenessisapowerfultool.Weshouldforgiveourselvesfirst.Weshouldn’tkeepbademotionsinside.Wemustalsoforgiveotherswhohavemadeusguiltyorangry.Thisisnotalwayseasy.Butwhenwelearntoforgiveourselves,itbeeseasiertoforgiveothersaswell.Thereisnothinggoodaboutcarryingyearsofemotionalburdens.Byforgivingourselvesandothers,wecanabandonourburdensandfeelbetteraboutourselves.Themomentyoudothis,youwillstarttofeelalotlighter.Yearsofheavinesswillbemagicallylifted!You’llstarttofeellikeyouhavemoreenergyandyou’llbemuchhappierwithyourlife.28．Whatisthefirststeptoremovingtheburdenofbademotions?A．Askingotherssomequestions. B．Studyingyouremotions.C．Tryingtolivewithoutthem. D．Findingwaystodealwiththem.29．Whatisonewaytodealwithbademotions?A．Keepingbademotionsinside. B．Forgettingthepast.C．Forgivingourselvesandothers. D．Findinggoodemotionstoreplacethem.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“abandon”inthelastparagraphmean?A．putaway B．carryon C．staywith D．leavebehind31．Whatisthestorymainlyabout?A．Howtobeeanenergeticperson. B．Howtodealwithbademotions.C．Whyweshouldforgetaboutforgiveness. D．Whatweshoulddotoforgiveourownmistakes.（2022·江蘇鹽城·中考真題）Oneteacherpraisesastudentbysaying“You’resosmart!”Anotherteachersays,“Youmusthaveworkedreallyhardatthis!”Whichstudentdoesbetterinschool?Studiesshowthatstudentswhohearthewordsofthesecondteacherwilldobetter.Thosestudentsarelearningthattheireffortisimportant.Psychologists（心理學家）lookedatwhatstudentsdidaftertheyweregivendifferenttypesofpraise.Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn’ttryveryhardthenexttime.Otherstudentsweretoldthattheyhadworkedhardatatask.Theyworkedevenharderthenexttime.Thefirstgroupofstudentswaslearningthattheyhadasetamountofskill.Theydidn’tthinktheycoulddoanybetter.Thisiscalledafixedmindset（思維模式）.Thesecondgroupwaslearningthattheycoulddobetteriftheykepttrying.Thisiscalledagrowthmindset.Peoplewhohaveagrowthmindsetbelievethatthebraincangrow;peoplecandobetterandlearnnewskills.Iftheyworkhard,theycanbesuccessful.Howcanteachersandparentshelpstudentssucceed?Theycanfocusmainlyoneffortandnotsimplyonability.Whenstudentssucceed,teachersandparentsshouldpraisetheactualworkratherthanintelligence（智力）ortalent.Whenstudentsfail,theyshouldbetoldhowtheycandobetter.Teachers,parentsandstudentsneedtovalueeffort,notintelligence.BeliefsofFixedandGrowthMindsetsFixedMindsetGrowthMindsetThingsyou’rebornwiththatcannotchangeThingsyoucangrowandimprovewithhardworkSomethingtoavoid—couldshowlackofskillSomethingimportant—leadstosuccessThingstoavoid—incaseyouaren’tgoodenoughThingsthathelpyoulearnWhatkindofpeoplehavefewerchancestosucceedaccordingtothearticle?A．Peoplewithagrowthmindset. B．Peoplewithafixedmindset.C．Peoplewhooftenlearnfromchallenges. D．Peoplewhooftenlearnfrommistakes.33．Fromtheformwecanknowpeoplewithagrowthmindsetconsiderchallengesas________.A．thingsthey’rebornwith B．thingstheyneedtoavoidC．thingsthathelpthemlearn D．thingsthatstopthemimproving34．Howdoesthewriterorganizetheideasinthearticle?A．Bytellingstories. B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Bydrawingmindmaps. D．Byparingfacts.（2022·四川綿陽·中考真題）Doyoupareyourselftootherpeople?Perhapsyourbestfriendreceivessomethingyoureallywant,oryou’renotallowedtogotoaconcertbutyourbrotherorsisteris.Eventhoughparisonsaremonandcansometimesbehelpful,focusing(專注)onyourownprogressisimportantforyourhappiness.“Weoftenpareourselvestootherswhoaredoingbetterornotaswellasourselves.”saysDr.Jack.“ButIsuggestparingyourselftoyourpastselfandyourfutureself.Thiscanmakeyoufeelproudofwhatyou’veachievedandexcitedaboutwhatyoumightdo.Focusingonyourownpurposesismoreworthwhilethanalwaystryingtoeoutontop.”paringyourselftothosearoundyouisnaturalandweoftendoitwithoutrealizingit.Itcanhelpustobeclearaboutourachievementsandtoformfriendshipswithnewpeoplewhohavesimilarinterests.However,it’simportanttorememberthatnobodyisperfectinreallife.It’salsoimportanttotakenoteofhowtheparisonismakingyoufeel.“Ifyoubegintofeelquitelow,focusonyourownstrengths.”saysJack.Inotherwords,youcanaskyourselfquestionslike“WhatcanIdowellin?”,whichcanhelpyoutrustyourself.Maybehereyouarewondering“Whatifallmyfriendsarebetterthanme?”.Dr.Whitesaysthatjealousy(妒忌)isnotbadbutfocusingonbetteringyourownworkcanhelpyoufeeljustassuccessful.Healsomentionsthatlearningtocelebrateyourfriends’successcannotonlyhelptocheeryourfriendsupbutalsohelpyoufeelgood.Itwillencourageyoutobuildeachotherup.35．WhatdoesthewritertellusinParagraph1?A．Weshouldparewithothers. B．Weshouldsharethingswithbrothers.C．Weshouldenjoyconcertswithsisters. D．Weshouldfocusonourownprogress.36．Whyshouldyoupareyourselftoyourpastself?A．Tocareaboutothers. B．Tochangeyourpurposes.C．Toincreaseyourexcitement. D．Tobeproudofyourachievements.37．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“yourownstrengths”probablymeaninParagraph3?A．whatyou’regoodat B．whatyou’veunderstoodC．whatyou’recrazyabout D．whatyou’veexperienced38．WhatdoesDr.Whitesuggest?A．Trustingyourfriends. B．Cheeringontinysuccess.C．Celebratingothers’success. D．Formingadeepfriendship.39．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PlanYourOwnFuture B．EnjoyYourOwnHappinessC．RunYourOwnRace D．FollowYourOwnDream（2022·浙江衢州·中考真題）OpinionsonLifeSkillsEducationAlthoughstudentsarebusystudying,itisimportanttorememberanotherareaofstudylifeskills,suchaswashingclothesandgrowingvegetables.Theyareusefulinourdailylife.Herearesomeopinionsaboutlifeskillseducation.Mrs.BlairChildrenneedtolearnmostofthelifeskillsatschool.Asparents,wecanhelpthemtakepartinactivitiesaroundthehouseandintheneighbourhood.LiPingWehavelifeskillsclassesatschool.They’requiteuseful.Theyhelpprepareforeverydayreallifesituations,fromwashingdishestopreparingameal.Theseclassesgiveusknowledgeweneedtoliveonourown.KevinI’mnotsurewhetheritisnecessarybecauseIhaven’ttriedlifeskillsclassesyet.Inmyschool,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskills.Theydon’tthinkitwillimprovetheirchancesofgettingintocollege.MaryHavinglifeskillsclassesatschoolisimportant.Besides,thereareotherwaysforustolearnlifeskills.WecanwatchvideosontheInternet.Wecanalsolearnfromourparentsandtakepartintheactivitieswiththem.40．InKevin’sopinion,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskillsbecause________.A．theyarenotinterestedinit B．it’shelplessforattendingcollegeC．theyarenotsurewhattolearn D．it’suselesstoimprovelivinglevel41．AccordingtoLiPing,whatcanwegetfromlifeskillseducation?A．Knowledgeforcollege. B．Chancestohelpourneighbours.C．Knowledgeforlivingalone. D．Chancestolearnfromourparents.42．Whohavethesameopiniononlifeskillseducationaccordingtothetext?A．LiPing,KevinandMary. B．Mrs.Blair,KevinandMary.C．Mrs.Blair,LiPingandKevin. D．Mrs.Blair,LiPingandMary.（2022·湖北黃石·中考真題）閱讀材料，選擇最佳選項。Nowadays,expertscallonhighschoolstudentstoreadasmanyliteraryclassics(文學名著)aspossible.Whatdoyouthinkofit?Linda:Wedon’thaveenoughlifeexperiences,sowemayhavedifficultyunderstandingthedeeperclassics.Butthisshouldn’tbeareasontogiveupreadingclassics.AsFrancisBaconsaid,“Readingmakesafullman;conference(談話)areadyman;andwritinganexactman.”Curry