Unit6單元小結(jié)-2022-2023學年八年級英語下冊（牛津深圳版）（原卷版）

Unit6Pets單元小結(jié)知識目錄知識目錄學習目標：本單元話題是寵物，閱讀關于飼養(yǎng)寵物的好壞的兩大觀點，能讀懂相關難度的文章。也告誡我們熱愛每個生命，保持自然界和諧，友好。語法目標：學習副詞的用法。聽說目標：能聽懂關于介紹一種寵物短文。寫作目標：能夠?qū)W會論述自己的觀點。目錄知識要點一、重點單詞，短語及句式TOC\o"11"\h\u要點1plain和plaint的用法 練習要點2responsibility的用法 練習要點3feed的用法 練習要點4lie用法 練習要點5choice和choose用法 練習要點6noisy用法 練習要點7nearly的用法 練習要點8mon的用法 練習要點9believe的用法小結(jié) 練習要點10dieof和diefrom的用法 練習要點11bydoing的用法 練習要點12hearsb.do和hearsbdoing的用法 練習要點13hold的用法 練習要點14thenumberof和anumberof的用法 練習要點15until的用法 練習要點16accorfingto的用法 練習要點17learnfrom的用法 練習知識要點二、語法要點1副詞的用法 16知識要點三、書面表達要點1話題分析 17要點2詞匯短語積累 18要點3句式積累 19要點4實戰(zhàn)演練 20知識要知識要點一、重點單詞，短語和句式【精講精練】一、重點單詞，短語和句式要點1：plaintIhaven’tthepatiencetohearyourplaintsagain.我沒耐性再聽你的抱怨?！就卣埂?1)plainvt.投訴；抱怨Heplainedthattheexamwastoohard.他抱怨考試太難了。2)plainvi.投訴；抱怨(后面+to/about/of)I’vereallygotnothingtoplainof.我確實沒有什么可抱怨的。(3)plaintosB.aboutsth.向某人抱怨某事Heplainstothepoliceaboutthenoisefromthebar.他向警察投訴酒吧噪音(擾民)?！镜淅治觥?.Thewomankept______________(plain)aboutthenoisefromherneighborhoodlastnight.2.They’vereceivedanumberof______________(plaint)fromcustomersabouttheirpoorservice.要點2：responsibilityresponsibilityn.責任【例句】Itisparents’responsibilitytoraisetheirchildren.撫養(yǎng)孩子是父母的責任。【拓展】(1)responsibleadj.有責任的；負責的(2)beresponsiblefor=beinchargeof對……負責任Whoshouldberesponsibleforthefireaccident?=Whoshouldbeinchargeofthefireaccident?誰應該對這起火災事故負責？【典例分析】1.Alittlechilddoesn’tfeelmuch_______________(responsible).2.Thedriver_______________________________(對……負責任)thepassengers’safety.要點3feedv.給(人或動物)食物；喂養(yǎng)(過去式和過去分詞分別為fed,fed)【例句】Hefeedsthefishtwiceaday.他每天給魚喂食兩次?！就卣埂?1)feedonsth.以……為食Pandasdon’tfeedongrass.熊貓不吃草。(2)befedupwith...厭煩……；厭倦……Iamfedupwiththenoisemadebymachines.我厭倦了機器弄出的噪音?！镜淅治觥?.Bluewhalesarethelargestandheaviestanimalsintheworld,butthey_______thesmallestseaanimals.A.

feedin

B.

feedto

C.

feedon

D.

fedon要點4lielie的用法（1）作為動詞，意為“平躺；撒謊；位于”。作“躺”解時，其過去式和過去分詞分別為lay,lain；作“撒謊”解時，其過去式和過去分詞分別是lied,lied。其現(xiàn)在分詞都是lying。詞組liearound無所事事地混日子；懶散度日Mygrandmotherlikeslyinginthesun.我奶奶喜歡躺在太陽底下。Tomlikeslyingtoothers.湯姆喜歡跟他人撒謊。Myhometownliesintheeastofthecity.我的家鄉(xiāng)位于城市東部。（2）作為名詞，意為“謊言”。常用于tellalie/liestosb.意為“跟某人撒謊”。NobodylikesTombecauseheisalwaystellingliestopeople.沒有人喜歡湯姆，因為他總是喜歡跟人們?nèi)鲋e?！镜淅治觥?.Heis________________________________(躺在床上)andwatchingTV.2.Ifyoudon'tfeelverywell,youshould________________(躺下來)andhavearest.3.不要對我撒謊。Don’tme.4.貓正臥在爐火旁。Thecatis____________bythefire.5.科恩星期天一整天都在家無所事事。OnSundayCohen________________thehouseallday要點5choice名詞為choice,意為“選擇”。常用于:=1\*GB3①makeachoicetodosth.“選擇去做某事”Imadeachoicetomakeanicecardformymother.我選擇為媽媽制作一張精美的卡片。=2\*GB3②havenochoicebuttodosth.“除了做某事之外別無選擇”Ihadnochoicebuttodoasmyfathertoldme.除了按我爸爸告訴我的要求去做之外，我別無選擇。拓展choose(1)作為動詞，意為“選擇；挑選”。常用于以下表達中：=1\*GB3①choose(sb.)todosth.“選擇(某人)去做某事”TomchosetostayhomewatchingTV.湯姆選擇待在家里看電視。Myteacherchosemetoanswerhisquestion.我的老師選擇我來回答他的問題。=2\*GB3②choosesb.as...“選擇某人作為……”Myclassmateschosemeastheirmonitor.我的同學們選擇我當班長。=3\*GB3③choosesb.sth.=choosesth.forsb.“為某人挑選某物”Mymotherchoseaspecialpresentformeonmybirthday.=Mymotherchosemeaspecialpresentonmybirthday.在我生日時媽媽為我選擇了一份特別的禮物?！镜淅治觥?.Hechosemeanicepresent.（同義改寫）=Hechoseanicepresent___________________.2.①Wegotothestoreto___________(挑選)presentsforourfriends.②It’smy____________(choose),notyours.3.我別無選擇只得呆在家里。（完成句子）Ihad______________________________________stayathome.4.你必須在我們之間作出選擇Youhaveto_______________________betweenus.。5去泰國是一個好的選擇。Itisa__________________togotoThailand.要點6：noisynoisyadj.吵鬧的【例句】Itisverynoisyinthebar.酒吧里很吵。【辨析】noise,voice與sound(1)noise指不悅耳、不和諧的聲音，即“噪音；喧鬧聲”。Thenoiseofthemachinedisturbedus.機器的噪音吵到我們了。(2)voice多指人發(fā)出的說話聲、歌聲、笑聲。Pleasespeakinaloudervoice.請更大點聲說。(3)sound泛指任何聲音，不論其音量高低、是否悅耳等。Iheardthesoundofrunningwater.我聽見了流水聲?！镜淅治觥?.It’svery__________(noise)here.Icanhardlyhearyou.2.Pleasedon’tmakealotof__________(noisy).Yourfatherissleeping.3.用noisesound和voice填空。1.Don’tmakeany_________!2.Atmidnightheheardastrange__________3.Thegirlhasabeautiful__________.4.Theyaretalkinginlow___________5.Iheardthe__________ofrunningwater要點7：nearlynearlyadv.幾乎；差不多【例句】Itwasnearlyeighto’clock.快8點了。【辨析】nearly與almost(1)在肯定句中，兩者通常可以互換。Healmostalwaysarriveslate.=Henearlyalwaysarriveslate.他差不多總是遲到。Heisalmostastallashisfather.=Heisnearlyastallashisfather.他差不多與他爸爸一樣高。(2)almost強調(diào)“差一點……就”(=verynearly),可用于no,none,nothing等詞前面，而nearly則無此用法;但almost不能用not修飾。Almostnoone(=Hardlyanyone)believeshimagain.幾乎沒有人再相信他了。Theoldmansaidalmostnothingworthlisteningto.那老人說的幾乎沒什么值得聽的?！镜淅治觥?—Thissummerisveryhot.—Yes,butit’snot_________ashotaslastsummer.A.nearlyB.almostC.near2.Hisgrandmais___________(near)90yearsold.要點8：monadj.常見的；通常的；普遍的【例句】Suchbehaviourofthelittleboyismontohismother.小男孩的媽媽對他的這種行為已司空見慣?！就卣埂?1)monlyadv.通常地；一般地Thissoftwareismonlyusedinmobilephones.這種軟件在中被廣泛使用。(2)unmonadj.不尋常的；罕見的Suchcaraccidentsarenotunmononthehighway.這樣的汽車事故在高速公路上并不罕見。(3)inmon共同的；共有的Thetwinshavemuchinmon.這對雙胞胎有許多共同點。(4)It’smonknowledgethat...……是常識；……是眾所周知的事It’smonknowledgethattheSunrisesintheeast.眾所周知，太陽從東邊升起?！镜淅治觥?.這對雙胞胎有許多共同點。（完成句子）Thetwinshave_________________________.2.Rosesarequite_________flowersinEnglishgardens.A.monB.differentC.unusual3.Ihavealot_________________(共同點)withmypenpal.要點9believe

believe作動詞，意為“相信；認為有可能”。例如：

Idon’tbelievehim.我不相信他。(1)believe用作及物動詞時，后面可跟名詞、代詞或that/wh從句作賓語，也可接that從句(表示將來)充當直接賓語的雙賓語。例如：

Ibelievethatman.我相信那個人。

Everybodybelievedher.大家都相信她。

Hebelievedwhathisfriendtoldhim.他相信他的朋友告訴他的話。Ibelieveyouthathewillbethere.我相信你他會在那里。

(2)believe后接從句如果表示否定，否定詞往往要放在主句里。例如：Idon’tbelievehecanfixthebike.我認為他修不好這輛自行車?！就卣埂縝elievesb.與believeinsb.

believe與believein都有“相信”的意思。其區(qū)別在于：believesb.表示相信某人說的話是真的；而believeinsb.則指相信某人的人格。例如：Icanbelievehim,butIcannotbelieveinhim.

我可以相信他的話是真的，但是不相信他的為人?！镜淅治觥?.Idon'thim.我不相信他這個人。2.Shedoesn'twhatIsaid.她不相信我說的話。3.—Mom,Iwonthefirstprizeinthespeechpetition!—Wonderful!Aslongasyou________yourselfandkeeptrying,youwillsucceed.A．dressup B．believeinC．pickup D．leaveout4.I________whatyousaid,butIdon’t________you.A．believe;believein B．believein;believeC．believe;believe D．believein;believed5.Ican________him,butIcannot________him.A.believe;believeinB.believe;believeC.believein;believein D.believein;believe要點10die(v)死亡death(n)死亡die為不及物動詞，意為“死”，其過去式為died，現(xiàn)在分詞為dying。Morethanthreehundredpeople

died

intheaircrash.在這次飛機失事中有300多人死亡。SheisillandI’mafraid

she’sdying.她病了，恐怕快要死了。譯：他的母親去世5年了。誤：Hismotherdiedforfiveyears.正：Hismotherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.dead形容詞，意為“死的，失去生命的”，在句中可作定語或表語。HewaswatchinghisdeadcatwhenIcamein.當我進來時，他正在注視著他的死去的貓。I’mafraidheisdead.我恐怕他已經(jīng)去世了。拓展：dieof意為“因……而死”，一般指由于疾病、情感等內(nèi)因引起的死亡。Hergrandfather

diedof

cancerin1992.她的祖父于1992年死于癌癥。diefrom意為“因……而死”，一般指由于外傷、事故等外因引起的死亡。Theoldman

diedfrom

acaraccidentlastyear.那位老人去年死于一場車禍?！镜淅治觥?.—DoyouknowthatMr.Zhangpassedbylastweek?—Yes.Hedied________illness.A.of B.from C.with D.as2.Thelamb________forquitesometime.A.hasdied B.die C.hasdead D.hasbeendead3.—Whendidtheoldman________？—In2006.He________fornearlytenyears.A.die;diedB.die;hasbeendeadC.dead;hasdiedD.dead;died4.那個嬰兒死于發(fā)燒。Thebaby_________________fafever.5.那個老人死于一起交通事故。Theoldman_________________atrafficaccident.要點11by+sth./doing:MostAmericansstillcelebratethisideasofgivingthanksbyhavingabigmeal.by+sth./doing:以…...方式IstudyEnglishbylisteningtoEnglishsongs.by：①“在……的旁邊”，表示位置，=near，beside。Thereisanoldhousebythelake.在湖旁有一座老房子。②“從……的旁邊經(jīng)過路過”，表示移動方向。Anoldfriendpassedbymewithoutstopping.一位老朋友從我身邊經(jīng)過，沒有停留。③“不遲于，在……之前”，YoumustfinishtheworkbyFriday.④“通過，用”,表示方法手段。如：IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.我通過聽收音機學英語。⑤“被，由，受”，用于被動語態(tài)。如：Thecakeiseatenbytheboy.這塊蛋糕被那個小男孩吃了?！镜淅治觥恳?、指出下列各句‘by’的用法1.Thereisahousebytheriver.2.Anoldfriendpassedbymewithoutstopping.3.YoumustfinishthisworkbyFriday4.IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.5.Thecakewaseatenbythatlittleboy要點12hearsb./sth.+動詞原形：聽見某人/某物（經(jīng)常/過去）做…….hearsb./sth.+動詞ing:聽見某人/某物正在做…….Iheardherplaythepianoinherroomlastnight.Ihearherplayingthepianoinherroomnow.hearsb.doingsth.聽到某人正在做某事【經(jīng)典例句】WhenIpassedtheroom,Iheardsomeonesinginginside.當我路過房間的時候，我聽到有人在里面唱歌?！究键c聚焦】1）注意區(qū)別hearsb.do和hearsb.doing:hearsb.dosth.表示“聽到某人做某事的全過程”。hearsb.doingsth.表示“聽到某人正在做某事”。2)注意掌握hear的其他短語：hearabout聽說關于…… hearof聽說……h(huán)earthat...聽說…… hearfrom收到……的來信還有see和watch還有類似用法【典例分析】1.—IsTominthenextroom?—Well,it'shardtosay.ButIheardhim_____loudlywhenIpassedbyjustnow.speak B.tospeak C.spoken D.speaking2.WhileIwaswalkingalongthelake,Isawsomefish________outofthewater.A．jumpedB．tojumpC．jumpingD．a(chǎn)rejumping3.Shewasheard________books.A．toreadB．readsC．readD．toberead4.Isawsomeboysbasketballontheplayground.A.play B.toplay C.played D.playing5.突然，我看到一只小熊在玩一些樹枝和石頭。Suddenly,I________ababybear________________somesticksandstones.6.Hesawhismother___________(do)houseworkwhenhegotupearlier.7.Ioftenseeher____________(dance)inthepark.要點13holdHoldtheminourarm.抱著他們Hold抓住；握??；拿住hold的其他含義：Hold是動詞，意為“舉行，舉辦，召開”，?？梢杂胔ave來替換，過去式和過去分詞均為held。holdameeting舉行會議holdaconcert舉行音樂會holdasportsmeeting舉行運動會hold保持；維持Howlongwillthisfineweatherhold?這樣的好天氣能維持多久？抓?。晃兆?；拿住Heheldthethiefbythearm.他抓住那個小偷的胳膊。容納；包含Ourclassroomcanholdmorethanfiftystudents.教室能容納50多個學生。支撐……的重量Thechaircan’tholdyourweight.這把椅子不能承受你的重量。短語catchholdof抓??；holdon（）別掛斷；稍等【典例分析】1.

TheOlympicGames_____everyfouryears.A.areheld

B.werehold

C.areholding

D.willhold

2、翻譯，指出下面Hold在各句的意義。1）Hewasholdingthebabyinhisarms.2）Weholdasportsmeetingtwiceayearinourschool.3）Holdyourheadup.4）Idon'tthinkthechaircanholdyourweight.5）Theplaneholdsabout300passengers.要點14thenumberof/anumberof（1）anumberof意為“許多”，后面接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修飾，構成alargenumberof;asmallnumberof等。例如：Ihaveanumberofletterstowrite.我有許多信件要寫。Alargenumberofstudentsinourschoolarefromthecountryside.我們學校許多學生來自農(nóng)村。Asmallnumberofstudentsinourclasswentswimmingyesterday.昨天我們班一小部分學生去游泳了。（2）thenumberof意為“……的數(shù)量”，后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：ThenumberofpeoplespeakingChineseislargerthanthatofthosespeakingEnglish.說漢語的人數(shù)要大于說英語的人數(shù)?！镜淅治觥?.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheparty________fifty,butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;was B.was;wasC.was;were D.were;were2.Asweallknow,__________numberofpeoplelearningChineseisincreasingrapidly.A.a B.an C.the D.\3.There_____anumberofbooksinthelibraryandthenumberofthem_____increasing.A.has;isB.have;areC.are;isD.is;are4.________studentsintheschoolisover2,000.________themarefromthecity.A.Thenumberof;Anumberof B.Thenumberof;ThenumberofC.Anumberof;AnumberofD.Anumberof;Thenumberof要點15untiluntil意為“直到……”，有下列用法：（1）作介詞，后接時間名詞，在句中作時間狀語。例如：Shewaitedthereuntil9o’clock.她在那里一直等到9點鐘。（2）作連詞，后接從句，引導時間狀語從句。例如：Wewaiteduntiltherainstopped.我們等到雨停了?！就卣埂浚?）until用在肯定句中，多與持續(xù)性的動詞連用。如stand，wait，stay等，表示主句動作的終止時間。Hestayedthereuntilmidnight.他在那里逗留到深夜。（2）until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意為“直到……才”，常與非延續(xù)性動詞連用。如open，start，leave，arrive等，強調(diào)主句動作開始的時間。例如：Thechilddidn’tgotobeduntilhisfathercameback.直到父親回來，那個孩子才睡覺?！镜淅治觥?,直到我去找老師幫忙，我才解出這道題。I__________________theproblem_________Iwenttomyteacherforhelp.2.昨晚，直到爸爸回來我才睡覺。I________________tobed________myfathercamebackhome.3.昨晚他等我直到雨停下來。Hewaitedforme________therainstopped.4．—Excuseme,isitmyturnnow?—Notyet.Pleasewaitonthechair______yournameiscalled．A．a(chǎn)nd B．until C．a(chǎn)lthough D．since5.Ididn’tfinishmyhomework________10:30lastnight.A.until B.after C.though D.if6.We______untilhecameback.A.left B.notleaveC.waited D.wait要點16accordingto據(jù)（……所說）。后接名詞或代詞。如：Accordingtothepolice,theaccidenthasnothingtodowiththeorganization.警方稱，此次事故與該組織無關。Accordingtohim,Sarahishonest,wiseandhardworking.據(jù)他說，薩拉誠實智慧，勤奮好學。【典例分析】1.他們倆都依章行事。Theybothplayedthegame_________________therules.2.______theschoolrules,everyoneshouldattendschoolontime.A.Accordingto B.Closeto C.Nextto D.Infrontof要點17learn...from...意為“向……學習……”，其后可接名詞、代詞、動名詞。【舉例】Childrencanlearnalotfrombooks.孩子們可以從書本上學到很多。【拓展】learnsth.學習某事;learntodosth.學習做某事;learn...byheart用心記;learnhowtodosth.學習如何做某事;learnabout了解;得知。MybrotherislearningEnglishnow.我的弟弟正在學英語。Theboysoonlearnedthepoembyheart.這個男孩不久便能熟背這首詩了?！镜淅治觥磕銥楹尾粡奈业腻e誤中吸取教訓呢?(根據(jù)漢語意思補全句子，每空一詞)Whydon’tyou__________________mymistakes?知識要點知識要點二、語法A副詞的用法1在英語中副詞可以用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或修飾整個句子2形容詞構成相應的副詞的一般規(guī)律：形容詞類型構成相應副詞的方法舉例一般情況在形容詞后直接加lyquick—quicklyslow—slowly以y結(jié)尾的形容詞先將y改成i,再加lyhappy—happilybusy—busily絕大多數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞直接加lypolite—politelywide—widely少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞要去掉e再加lytrue—trulyterrible—terribly特殊情況與形容詞同形earlyadj.—earlyadv.highadj.—highadv.3在英語中，有些詞既可以作形容詞，又可以作副詞，如early,much,fast,late,hard,high,little,wide,loud等。由于這類詞詞性雖不同，但詞形卻一樣，這就需要大家學會在特定語境中判斷它們各自的詞性。B副詞的比較級和最高級副詞的比較級和最高級的構成：1單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加er或est。如：hard—harder—hardest;fast—faster—fastest2以字母e結(jié)尾的副詞，直接加r或st。如：late—later—latest3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先改“y”為“i”，再加er或est。如：early—earlier—earliest4凡由形容詞后加ly構成的副詞，前加more或most。如：beautifully—morebeautifully—mostbeautifully;clearly—moreclearly—mostclearly5不規(guī)則變化：well—better—best;badly—worse—worst;little—less—least;much—more—most;far—farther/further—farthest/furthest【典例分析】1.Imaginarythingscansometimescreateexcitement_____________(easy)thanrealones.2.CorneliusandRosagrewtheirflowers____________(quick)andtheywonthepetition.3.Thebookwasextremelysuccessfulandsold________(fast)thananyofDumas’sotherworks.4.Icanwrite________________(beautiful)thantheothersinourclass.5.Yourhandwritingis_______good.(real)6.Theseapplestaste________andsell_______.(good)7.Wedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining________.(hard)8.Kenoftenworks______intothenightbutheisnever_____forwork.(late)9.Helistened__________andansweredthequestion.(careful)10.Jackdoesn’tjumpso_______ashisclassmates.(high)知識要點知識要點三、書面表達【話題分析】本單元話題是寵物，閱讀了飼養(yǎng)寵物狗的兩個觀點，讓我們學會了如何表達自己的觀點和支持觀點的論述，在書面表達中我們還學習了如何寫議論文，先開門見山提出觀點，陳述你的理由，得出結(jié)論。這三大步驟?！径陶Z積累】1.飼養(yǎng)動物2.照顧，照料3.除了……別無選擇4.四處自由走