英語四級(jí)圖表作文的類型及參考范文

1、 英語四級(jí)圖表作文的類型及參 考范文 您現(xiàn)在的位置： 首頁 英語四級(jí) 英語四級(jí)作文 英語四級(jí)作文綜合輔導(dǎo) 正文 英語四級(jí)圖表作文的類型及參考范文 圖表作文也是四(六)級(jí)考試中常見，而且被認(rèn)為是一種較難的作文形式。圖表作文就是把非文字信息(通常為各種圖表表示的數(shù)字信息等)轉(zhuǎn)換成文字信息的一種作文。它要求我們用文字來描述非文字性的圖表或?qū)D表顯示的關(guān)系作解釋說明。下面我們先來看一看圖表作文的 類型。 第一節(jié) 圖表作文的類型 圖表作文可分為兩大類：表作文和圖作文。 表作文 表格(Table)可以使大量數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)化，便于閱讀、比較。表格常由標(biāo)題(Title)、表頭(Boxhead)(表格的第一行)、側(cè)目

2、(Stub)(表格左邊的第一列)和主體(Body)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分組成。如下表： 用表格表達(dá)的信息具體準(zhǔn)確，而且表格中的各項(xiàng)均按一定規(guī)律排列。閱讀表格時(shí)要注意找出表格中各個(gè)項(xiàng)目的相互關(guān)系，表格中各個(gè)項(xiàng)目的變化規(guī)律。例如，上面的表格中的數(shù)字說明，和1978年相比，1983年大學(xué)入學(xué)的人數(shù)在增加，而小學(xué)的入學(xué)人數(shù)在減少。搞清楚這些變化規(guī)律也就讀懂了表格的內(nèi)容。 圖作文 圖作文又可分為三種：圓形圖作文、曲線圖作文和條狀圖作文。 (1) 圓形圖作文 圓形圖(Pie chart)也稱為餅狀圖或圓面分割圖。圓形圖因?yàn)楸容^形象和直觀，各部分空間大小差別容易分辨，所以常用來表示總量和各分量之間的百

3、分比關(guān)系。整個(gè)圓表示總量，楔形塊表示分量。有時(shí)圓形圖還有數(shù)值表，兩者結(jié)合可把各分量表示得更準(zhǔn)確、清楚。例如： This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two s

4、ignificant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure. 曲線圖作文(2) 也稱為

5、線性圖或坐標(biāo)圖。曲線圖最適合表示兩個(gè)變量之間關(guān)系的發(fā)(Line graph) 曲線圖 曲線圖一般來說，曲線所呈現(xiàn)的形狀比某一點(diǎn)所代表的變量的值更有意義。展過程和趨勢(shì)。有橫軸和縱軸。一般先看橫軸所代表的數(shù)量或時(shí)間等，然后再看縱軸所顯示的意義。同時(shí)必 例如：須找出線條所反映的最高或最低的變化。年的不同的月份，縱軸代表交通事故的數(shù)量。從交通事故1990 這個(gè)曲線圖的橫軸代表 ，曲線圖上可知，前八個(gè)月的交通事故的數(shù)量有升有降。曲線圖在八月份升到了最高點(diǎn)(39)年的交通事故的數(shù)量總體。可見，1990此后一直呈下降的趨勢(shì)，十二月份降到了最低點(diǎn)(16) 上呈下降的趨勢(shì)。 (3) 條形圖作文 也稱為立柱圖或圓

6、柱圖。條形圖由寬度相同但長(zhǎng)度不同的條塊代表?xiàng)l形圖(Bar graph) 同一不同的量。當(dāng)要比較幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目或量時(shí)，常用不同顏色來區(qū)分。條形圖主要用來表示：1)同一時(shí)間不同項(xiàng)目的量。閱讀條形圖時(shí)，要先看圖例，再看橫軸、項(xiàng)目在不同時(shí)間的量;2)縱橫各代表什么量，每一個(gè)刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出圖中各長(zhǎng)條所表示的數(shù)據(jù)及各 長(zhǎng)條間的相互關(guān)系。例如：，這一條形圖想(Life Expectancy)左邊的條形圖的橫軸代表時(shí)間，縱軸代表期望壽命 在不同時(shí)間的量。右邊的條形圖的橫軸也是代表時(shí)間，縱軸)要體現(xiàn)的是同一項(xiàng)目(期望壽命嬰兒的死(是代表嬰兒的死亡率(Infant Mortality)，這一條形圖想要體

7、現(xiàn)的也是同一項(xiàng)目年的人均期望壽1960在不同時(shí)間的量。左邊的條形圖表明1990年的人均期望壽命比亡率) 。年的嬰兒死亡率下降了50%20歲，而1990年的嬰兒死亡率比1960命長(zhǎng) 圖表作文的出題形式第二節(jié) )級(jí)考試中的圖表作文的例子。 我們先來看幾個(gè)四(六 ) 月四級(jí)試題s Diet (1991年6Changes in People 例1 題目：Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three para

8、graphs to : Food Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 45% 47% 49% 45% Grain 46.5% 13% 12% 11% Milk 10% 11% 22.5% 21% Meat 23% 20% 17% 21% 20% 20% 22% Fruit and 24% vegetables 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Total . /CET46/CET4/zhenti/2007-10-16/15378.html1 From: ) in the past five years; s diet

9、(飲食1.state the changes in people2. give possible reasons for the changes; 3. draw your own conclusions. 4. You should quote as few figures as possible. 范文： From the chart we can see that during the past five years there have been great changes in peoples diet. The greatest change occurs in grain con

10、sumption, which has dropped 4% from 49% in 1986 to 45% in 1990 in total food consumption. The second greatest change is in milk consumption, which increased from 10% in 1986 to 13% in 1990. But on the other hand, two trends can be observed in the consumption of meat and fruit and vegetables. From 19

11、86 to 1989, meat consumption increased from 17% to 23% while that of fruit and vegetables dropped from 24% to 20%. From 1989 to 1990, meat consumption dropped a little to 21%, while that of fruit and vegetables increased a little to 21%. What has caused the great changes in peoples diet? The main re

12、ason, I think, lies in the improvement in peoples income level. With the development of our society, people are becoming richer and richer, which enables them to purchase more nutritious food such as meat and milk. In the meantime, grain consumption in peoples diet consequently dropped. So from the

13、analysis, we can draw a conclusion that our society is progressing and people are living a better life than ever before. We are now able to purchase more delicious and nutritious food, resulting in an improvement in our health. 例2 題目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City (1991年6月6級(jí)試題) Remember that

14、 your composition must be written according to the following outline; 1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph; 2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city; 3. Your predictions of what will happen this year. Your composition should be no less tha

15、n 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible. topic minutes to write a composition on the 30 例 3 For this part, you are allowed words than 120 be no less must Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition and you should base your composition on the following instructions (give

16、n in Chinese): (infant 和嬰兒死亡率1. 以下圖為依據(jù)描述發(fā)展中國(guó)家的期望壽命(life expectancy) mortality)的變化情況 2. 說明引起變化的各種原因 從以上例子可見，圖表作文一般在題目中給出作文的標(biāo)題和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)表格、圓形 圖、曲線圖或條形圖，有時(shí)還用英文或中文提綱的形式給出提示，要求我們：; 1)用文字描述圖表，客觀解釋圖表中所傳遞的信息，并找出某種規(guī)律或趨勢(shì) 就圖表中所反映的某種趨勢(shì)或問題分析其原因或后果。 2) 圖表作文的寫作要領(lǐng)第三節(jié) 圖表作文著重說明事實(shí)，常常是通過對(duì)圖表中所反映的具體數(shù)據(jù)的說明、分析、比較， 對(duì)某種事物或現(xiàn)象的事實(shí)

17、或變化情況等加以說明，并提出結(jié)論或看法。因此，圖表作文常常 采用議論文體的寫作方法。關(guān)鍵在于能否讀懂圖表中所提供的信息，把握各信息間的聯(lián)系，用準(zhǔn)確寫好圖表作文， 流暢的語言把這一信息表達(dá)出來，并就這一信息發(fā)表自己的看法。 圖表作文的寫作步驟 寫圖表作文時(shí)，要注意遵循以下步驟： 1)認(rèn)真分析圖表的含義，弄清圖表中所含的信息及不同信息間的關(guān)系; 2)確定文章的主題思想，構(gòu)思出文章的基本框架，篩選出能說明圖表主題思想的典型數(shù)據(jù); 3)編列文章的提綱; 4)根據(jù)文章的提綱，將各段的提綱內(nèi)容擴(kuò)展成段落，然后將各個(gè)段落組成文章，注意段與段之間的銜接與過渡; 檢查與修改。5) 圖表作文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu) 。文章的第

18、一段往往分析圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)變化反 寫圖表作文時(shí)，常采用三段式的謀篇方式映什么問題或趨勢(shì)，概述圖表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成這一問題或趨勢(shì)的原因。第三 段則展望未來的情況或提出解決問題的辦法或建議。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡(jiǎn)單地表述為： 第一段：概述圖表反映的主題思想 第二段：分析產(chǎn)生的原因 第三段：展望未來或提出方法或建議 圖表作文常用的句型 (1)常用的開篇句型(即概述圖表內(nèi)容時(shí)常用的表達(dá)法) According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that 根據(jù)該表/圖，我們可知 The table/grap

19、h reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that 該表/圖表明 As we can see from the table As can be seen from the line/bar graph As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart 如表/圖所示， (2) 描述增減變化常用的句型 Compared with is still increased by The number of grew/rose from to An increase

20、is shown in ; then came a sharp increase of In the number remains the same/drops to There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990. There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year). 下面我們

21、來看一篇根據(jù)例2的題目要求寫的范文。 From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak

22、 point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, its obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.主題句/概述表格反映的內(nèi)容；(5)反映交通事故的變化情況；(6)小結(jié)：總結(jié)表格數(shù)據(jù)反映的總趨勢(shì) There are several reasons for the dec

23、line. First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. It requested that in summer every car should be air-conditioned. As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. Second, new roads were

24、built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten peoples awareness of observing traffic rules.主題句；原因/措施一；解釋措施一/次要輔助；采取措施一后的結(jié)果；原因/措施二；原因/措施三。 With all these new measures, Im sure the rate of car accidents

25、in Walton city will go on falling this year.總結(jié)：展望未來的情況 第四節(jié)、 圖表作文及其參考范文 Directions: ：Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the drawing, 2) interpret its meaning, and 3) point out its implications in our life. You should write about 120150 words neatl

26、y on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) 范文1： Drawings can be useful tools; a simple picture may reveal a profound truth. The illustration above, for example, is far from complicated, and yet carries deep implications: from the top of a mountain one can see clear and far. Such an image draws attention to th

27、e fact that people tend to be distracted by immediate benefits, or deterred by present difficulties. If one was to stand higher and take a broader view, one could make wise, long-term decisions, as well as have a clearer sense of how to solve any given problem. The importance of keeping things in pe

28、rspective is of practical significance to university students especially. When students face difficult decisions such as choosing between majors or careers, or deciding whether to continue with postgraduate education, they should consider their future life in broad terms. If you allow yourself to be

29、come preoccupied by immediate interests or discouraged by current obstacles, you might not make the wisest decisions. Nevertheless, it is important to realize that viewing our lives from a far is not equal to aiming for an unattainable goal. Inexperienced youth must be careful to realistically creat

30、e and pursue their ambitions. It is best to look beyond temporary needs and problems and keep ones present and future life in perspective. 范文2： As can be seen in the drawing, a man is standing on top of the highest of many mountains while looking at something far away. If you want to be considered a

31、s the man who can see further than anyone else, you must stand on giants shoulders. Needless to say, if you were to stand at the foot of a mountain, mountains would be all around you, surrounding you, blinding you. You can only see a small piece of the sky when looking up, just like a frog at the bo

32、ttom of a well. If the frog wants to see the outside world, it must jump out of the well to broaden its range of vision. In science, researchers should not confine themselves to available materials that can be easily found. On the contrary, it is very important for them to go outside the norm and us

33、e as many materials as possible. A large number of scientific materials that have been defined by previous scientists can be regarded as the basis of present research. If we want to make more progress in our present study, we must base our research on previous theories and results. The more material

34、s you possess in your base, the greater the potential. That is, the higher on the mountain you are, the farther you can see. 第五節(jié)、 圖表類寫作模版 (1)模版1 According to the chart / graph / diagram /table, we clearly learn that _. As early as_,_. Then,_.Last,_. In contrast, by_,_. There are many reasons account

35、ing for_. Firstly, _.Secondly,_.Finally,_. As a result,_. As far as I am concerned,_. For one thing,_. For an other,_.In brief, I hold that_. (2)模版2 What is shown in the chart / graph / diagram / table above indicates that in recent years, more and more people pay attention to _. The number of those

36、 who _ has increased _, and furthermore,_. There are two factors responsible for the changes. In the first place,_. Moreover,_. Yet, it is noticeable that _. From the analysis, we can safely draw the conclusion that_. It is possible that in the future, the tendency will_. (3)模版3 As is shown in the c

37、hart / graph / diagram / table above, _ has changed drastically in the past _. While _,now the percentage of_ is_. Meanwhile, the number of _ has soared up to _. There are mainly two possible reasons contributing to the rapid changes. The first is that_. Secondly,_. In my view, the changes have a gr

38、eat influence on _. At the same time,_. To sum up ,_. 第六節(jié)、 圖表作文常用詞（組） 增加：increase / raise / rise / go up /soar up ? ?decrease / grow down / drop / fall 減少：? 波動(dòng)：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave keep steady/ constant ?；：穩(wěn)定remain stable / stabilize / level off 最常用的兩種表達(dá)法： ）副詞形式（動(dòng)詞? +Verb+Adverb for

39、mslowly/ slightly/ gradually/ steadily/significantly/ dramatically/ ）dropEg: increase （ sharply/rapidly ）Adjective+Noun form名詞形式（+形容詞 ? significant/ sharp/ steady/ remarkable/ dramatic/ Eg: a very slight/ small/gradual/ marked/rapid/ sudden rise/ increase/boost/decrease/ drop/ surge 圖表作文寫作練習(xí)第七節(jié)、 Dir

40、ections: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a 練習(xí)四：following the Diet. Study on Changes in Peoples composition of no less than 120 words table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:Food Year1986198719881989199

41、045%49%45%47%46.5%Grain13%10%12%11%Milk11%21%17%23%20%Meet22.5%21%22%24%20%20%vegetablesFruit and100%100%Total100%100%100% 1. state the changes in peoples diet in the past five years; 2. give possible reasons for the changes; 3. draw your own conclusions. 4. You should quote as few figures as possib

42、le. As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in peoples diet between 1986 and 1990. From the table, we can find that grain, formerly the main food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in peoples diet. And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. On the other han

43、d, the consumption of high-nutritious food such as milk and meat has increased rapidly. What has caused these changes? There are mainly three reasons (主題句). (6) First, people are much wealthier than before. (7) With higher income, they can afford nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have realized th

44、e importance of a balanced diet to their health. (9) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. (10) Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities. (11) Although milk and meat are important to ones health, eating too much rich food may result in obesity and many other diseases. (12)Therefore, people should not only consume a lot of milk and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetab