2020_2021學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION單元測(cè)評(píng)卷同步作業(yè)含解析新人教版必修第三冊(cè)202103121121

1、UNIT 4單元測(cè)試卷(滿分：100分建議用時(shí)：90分鐘)第一部分單項(xiàng)選擇(15分)()1.Dolphins are thought to be _ animals because of their quick ability to learn.AhumourousBintelligentCnervousDhappy()2.He hurried to the railway station, only _the train had left.Ato findBfoundCfindingDhaving found()3.My parents lent me the money. _， I cou

2、ldnt have afforded the trip.AThereforeBBesidesCHoweverDOtherwise()4.The problems _ at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve.AdiscussedBdiscussingCto discussDto be discussed()5._ manure (肥料) and water, crops wont grow well.ALacksBTo lackCLackingDLacked()6.The _ look on his face showed he had

3、enough confidence in himself.AexcitedBconfusedCdeterminedDembarrassed()7.He studies very hard _ being admitted to a key university three years later.Ain the form ofBin the hope ofCin the absence ofDin the name of()8.One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card _ to the first page.Ato att

4、achBattachingCattachesDattached()9.The six astronauts on _ will spend ten days in space.AboardBbroadCabroadDaboard()10._ be late for the meeting, we must set off as early as possible.AIn order toBIn order not toCSo as toDSo not as to()11.He overslept, which _ his being late for school this morning.A

5、resulted inBresulted fromCas a resultDas a result of()12.Hes always the first one _， and that is the reason why he has made such great progress.AarrivedBto arriveCarrivingDarrives()13.This mornings _ of the space shuttle Columbia has been delayed.AprocedureBorbitCdataDlaunch()14.Conditions are getti

6、ng worse and supplies(給養(yǎng)) are _.Afiguring outBtaking outCrunning outDfinding out()15.Her bravery has given him the will to carry _ with his life and his work.AonBupCinDat【答案】15 BADDC610 CBDAB1115 ABDCA第二部分閱讀(30分)第一節(jié)閱讀理解(20分)AKatherine Johnson, a brilliant mathematician at NASA, began working on the

7、space program in the 1950s. Many of NASAs first missions were made possible by her amazing calculations(計(jì)算)As a child, she loved to count. Her father placed great importance on education and insisted all four of his children go to college, working overtime to pay for it. Johnson said this atmosphere

8、 was important to her success. “I was always around people who were learning something. I liked to learn.” she said.Johnson graduated from high school at 14 and college at 18.In 1953, Johnson started to work for NASA, doing the math that powered engineers work. Then, because of her outstanding talen

9、t, she was moved to work on rockets with an allmale flight research team. As for Johnson, her calculations contributed to many of NASAs most important projects. In 1961, with the help of Johnsons work, Alan Shepherd became the first American to go into space. Johnson also lent her unbelievable talen

10、t to the success of the Apollo 13, which had trouble getting back to the Earth. She worked hard to calculate a safe path back to the Earth for the astronauts.Johnson retired in 1986, but her huge contribution to the space program has only been reaching the public attention for the past few years. Pa

11、rt of that is because, as she is the first to admit, science is based on collaboration. “I never took any credit because we always worked as a team, it was never just one person，” she said in a 2010 interview.Earlier this year, NASA named a new data center after her. She was also given a Silver Snoo

12、py award, which recognizes “outstanding performance, contributing to flight safety and mission success.”()16.The author explains Johnsons help to NASA by _.Acomparing differencesBproviding examplesCshowing numbersDgiving reasons()17.What does the underlined word “collaboration” in Paragraph 4 mean?A

13、Experience.BResearch.CTeamwork.DTalent.()18.What can we infer from the passage about Johnson?AShe travelled to space with the Apollo.BShe lived a rich life when she was young.CShe has been widelyknown since her retirement.DShe used to be the only lady in the research team.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了杰出的數(shù)學(xué)家凱瑟琳

14、約翰遜為NASA所做的貢獻(xiàn)。16B寫(xiě)作方法題。根據(jù)第三段中的“As for Johnson, her calculations contributed to many of NASAs most important projectswhich had trouble getting back to the Earth. She worked hard to calculate a safe path back to the Earth for the astronauts.”可知，作者列舉了兩個(gè)例子：1961年，在約翰遜的幫助下，艾倫謝潑德成為第一個(gè)進(jìn)入太空的美國(guó)人；約翰遜還為阿波羅13號(hào)的成

15、功貢獻(xiàn)了她令人難以置信的天賦。通過(guò)這兩個(gè)例子，作者說(shuō)明了約翰遜為NASA做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。17C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“ I never took any credit because we always worked as a team, it was never just one person， she said in a 2010 interview.”可知，約翰遜在2010年的一次采訪中說(shuō)：“我從來(lái)沒(méi)有獲得過(guò)任何榮譽(yù)，因?yàn)槲覀円恢笔且粋€(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)，從來(lái)不只是一個(gè)人。”可以看出，她很看重團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。由此推測(cè)她認(rèn)為科學(xué)是建立在團(tuán)隊(duì)合作上的，故畫(huà)線詞collaboration意為“合作”。故

16、選C項(xiàng)。18D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Then, because of her outstanding talent, she was moved to work on rockets with an allmale flight research team.”可知，由于她杰出的才能，她被調(diào)到一個(gè)全男性飛行研究團(tuán)隊(duì)的火箭研究工作。由此可以得出她過(guò)去是那個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)唯一的女性。故選D項(xiàng)。BFrom now, if all goes well, a hightech spacecraft will land in the South Pole of the moon. There, it will

17、 drill 66 feet down into the surface and collect samples of the mantle(地幔樣本)to bring back to the earth.But before it leaves, it will have a twopart time capsule(時(shí)光膠囊): a public part, full of the Earths history, and a private part, full of digital memory boxes created by individuals. These memory box

18、es can hold digital filesrecords of family trees, videos or actual DNA in the form of human hair. Not everyone can have a digital memory box, though. The boxes are only delivered for the people who donate the money to the project.The project, called Lunar Mission One, has already raised more than ha

19、lf of its 600,000 goal since its launch just a few days ago. The founders thought that it would succeed because of the attraction of both exploring the moon surface and leaving a time capsule behind.The mission was a technical action, but it was also an emotional one, bringing the excitement of know

20、ing that something humans built on the Earth reached somewhere else in space.Still, it does seem risky for a person to donate 60 to keep a digital memory box for a project that wont come true until 2024.What if the project never takes off? What if the technology isnt good enough? What if those digit

21、al memory boxes break on the moons surface? And how will anybody ever even know if that happens? Ian Crawford, a professor at Birkbeck College in London and scientific advisor to the mission, says it is not necessary to worry about these. The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon isnt really abou

22、t physically leaving something on the moonits more an opportunity to encourage peoples interest in space.()19.Who can have a digital memory box on the moon?AA person who donated 60 to the project.BA person who has records of family trees.CA person who is in charge of the project.DA person who is int

23、erested in exploring the moon.()20.Why does it seem risky to donate 60 to keep a digital memory box?ABecause the spacecraft wont be sent on time.BBecause the technology isnt good enough.CBecause the project wont come true until 2034.DBecause there are various possibilities in such a long time.()21.W

24、hat can be concluded from the last sentence of the passage?AEverything about the project will be OK.BThe time capsule on the moon is not meaningful.CThe plan to leave a time capsule on the moon is scientific.DThe message of the project is to call peoples more attention to space.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了名為“

25、月球一號(hào)使命”的太空項(xiàng)目一艘高科技航天器將攜帶一個(gè)由兩部分組成的時(shí)間膠囊登陸月球南極。19A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中 “The boxes are only delivered for the people who donate the money to the project.”及第四段中 “Still, it does seem risky for a person to donate 60 to keep a digital memory box for a project that wont come true until 2024.”可知，一個(gè)人捐贈(zèng)60便可以在月球上留下一個(gè)數(shù)字儲(chǔ)存

26、盒。故選A項(xiàng)。20D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的那些質(zhì)疑的問(wèn)題可知，捐贈(zèng)60去保留數(shù)字存儲(chǔ)盒有一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，是因?yàn)樵谶@么長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間里會(huì)有各種各樣的可能性。故選D項(xiàng)。21D推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文最后一句 “The plan to leave a time capsule on the moon isnt really about physically leaving something on the moonits more an opportunity to encourage peoples interest in space(把時(shí)間膠囊留在月球上的計(jì)劃并不是真的要在月球上留下什么東西，它更多的是一

27、個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)鼓勵(lì)人們對(duì)太空的興趣)”可知，該項(xiàng)目的目的是呼吁人們更多地關(guān)注太空。故選D項(xiàng)。CA Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Space Station Thursday had to make an emergency landing when a rocket engine failed to fire. It was the latest in a recent series of failures for the Russian space program, which is also used by the US. t

28、o carry its astronauts to the station.United States astronaut Nick Hague and Russian astronaut Alexei Ovchinin landed safely about 20 kilometers from Dzhezkazgan in Kazakhstan. The city is about 450 kilometers from the Russias Baikonur space center, which Russia operates through an agreement with th

29、e Republic of Kazakhstan.Both the US. space agency NASA and Russias Roscosmos reported that the two were quickly recovered from the landing area by rescue crews. A spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin said, “Thank God，the crew is alive” after they had landed safely.About two minutes after

30、launching, the threestage Soyuz booster rocket(助推火箭)suffered an unspecified(不明確的)failure of its second stage. Russias TASS news agency said the capsule carrying the two men separated from the troubled rocket safely. This caused the capsule to drop very sharply into the Earths atmosphere. Parachutes(

31、降落傘)helped slow the returning capsule. Search and rescue teams were sent to recover the crew.Russias RIA news agency reported that Russia has immediately put off all manned space launches after the failure. Roscosmos head Dmitry Rogozin said he had ordered a state commission to carry out an investig

32、ation into what went wrong. He said Russia will share all relevant information with the US.The TASS news agency said that the ISS crew has enough supplies and that the failed launch will not affect operations.The US. and other nations have depended on Russia to carry astronauts to the ISS since the

33、retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011.In coming years, American aerospace companies SpaceX, with its Dragon 2, and Boeing, with its Starliner, are expected to return to space.()22.What caused the failure of the launch?AThe problem of the engine.BThe terrible weather.CThe drop of the capsul

34、e.DThe wrong operation.()23.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?ASpaceX is sure to go back to space soon.BAmerica carried astronauts to the ISS by itself before 2011.CNow only Russia can carry astronauts to space.Dthe ISS crew lives a very good life in the space station.()24.What can we l

35、earn about the launch?AThe capsule landed safely in Dzhezkazgan, Russia.BRussia had never failed in the space launch before this failure.CThe failed launch will have a serious effect on the operations.DAt first the capsule dropped very rapidly into the Earths atmosphere.()25.What can be the best tit

36、le of the text?AThe rescue of two astronautsBThe launch of Russian spacecraftCCooperation between Russia and AmericaDEmergency landing in failed space launch【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一則新聞，介紹了運(yùn)送宇航員到國(guó)際空間站的一枚俄羅斯火箭由于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)故障緊急降落，所幸無(wú)人死亡。22A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“A Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Space Station Thurs

37、day had to make an emergency landing when a rocket engine failed to fire.”可知，發(fā)射失敗的原因是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)點(diǎn)火失敗。故選A項(xiàng)。23B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中 “The US. and other nations have depended on Russia to carry astronauts to the ISS since the retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011.”可知，自從2011年美國(guó)航天飛機(jī)退役，美國(guó)以及其他國(guó)家必須依靠俄羅斯火箭運(yùn)送宇航員到國(guó)際

38、空間站，故可以得知，2011年以前，美國(guó)利用自己的航天飛機(jī)運(yùn)送宇航員。故選B項(xiàng)。24D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中 “This caused the capsule to drop very sharply into the Earths atmosphere. Parachutes(降落傘) helped slow the returning capsule.”可知，這次失敗的發(fā)射導(dǎo)致太空艙迅速掉入地球大氣層，降落傘減緩了太空艙的降落速度。故選D項(xiàng)。25D標(biāo)題推測(cè)題。本文第一段第一句 “A Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Spa

39、ce Station Thursday had to make an emergency landing when a rocket engine failed to fire.”為主旨句，介紹了運(yùn)送宇航員到國(guó)際空間站的一枚俄羅斯火箭由于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)故障而緊急降落，故D項(xiàng)作為標(biāo)題最符合文意。第二節(jié)七選五(10分)Gardening 380 kilometers above earthAstronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training i

40、n how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isnt a new idea.As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. _26_ Because of this, its not practical to send everything needed for

41、a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. _27_ Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraftthe only air the ast

42、ronauts can breathe._28_Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate(循環(huán))the air. Without gravity, roots dont “know” to grow down, leaves dont “know” to grow up, and water doesnt easily tr

43、avel up the roots to the leaves. _29_ Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels(膠)are used to help plant growth.Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are

44、looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. _30_ Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the worlds population now at seven b

45、illion people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.AEvery plant grown in space must have several uses.BHowever, there are challenges with growing plants in space.CSuch methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.DThe cost of taking anything into space is a

46、bout $22,000 per kilogram.ESpecialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.FAstronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.GCurrently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹

47、了在離地球380公里的高空，宇航員與植物分享他們的工作和生活空間。26D根據(jù)空后句 “Because of this, its not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.”可知，正因?yàn)槿绱?，把長(zhǎng)途旅行所需要的只用一次就扔掉的東西都送出去是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。D項(xiàng)(將任何物體送入太空的成本約為每公斤22,000美元)是后句的原因。下文中的this指代該項(xiàng)中的“The cost”。27F根據(jù)本段段首句 “Plants can serve many uses

48、on a space journey.”可知，植物在空間旅行中有許多作用。空前句 “They can provide more fresh things(他們可以提供更多新鮮的東西)”和空后句 “Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen(此外，植物可以幫助改善空氣質(zhì)量，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢援a(chǎn)生氧氣)”均說(shuō)明植物的具體作用。F項(xiàng)(宇航員將歡迎在他們的干糧中加入水果和蔬菜)切題。28B根據(jù)空后句 “Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen t

49、hat the plants produce stays around the plants.”可知，由于太空中缺乏重力，植物產(chǎn)生的氧氣停留在植物周圍。B項(xiàng)(然而，在太空種植植物也面臨著挑戰(zhàn))切題。29E根據(jù)空前句可知，沒(méi)有重力，根就“不知道”該往下長(zhǎng)，葉子就“不知道”該往上長(zhǎng)，水也不容易從根往上注入到葉子上。根據(jù)空后句可知，土壤太重，不能送到太空，特殊的液體凝膠被用來(lái)幫助植物生長(zhǎng)。故E項(xiàng)“Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly(目前正在開(kāi)發(fā)專門的容器來(lái)幫助植物正確生長(zhǎng))”承接上下

50、文。30C根據(jù)空前句可知，他們?cè)噲D使植物生長(zhǎng)得更快，在空間中以更少的水和光生長(zhǎng)，他們正在尋找方法使植物更能抵抗疾病。故C項(xiàng)(這些方法可能會(huì)改善地球)承接上文。該項(xiàng)中的methods與上文中的ways相吻合。第三部分完形填空(15分)My son Daniels passion(激情) for surfing began at the age of 13.Before and after school each day he went surfing with his _31_. Daniels love of the sport was _32_ one afternoon.The lifeg

51、uard _33_ over the phone to my husband Mike that my son had been injured by the point of the board.Mike _34_ him to the emergency room and Daniel received 26 stitches from the corner of his eye to the bridge of his nose.I was flying home from a speaking engagement while Daniels eye was being stitche

52、d.Mike drove_35_ to the airport after they left the doctors office. He _36_ me at the gate and told me Daniel was waiting in the car.I ran to the car so _37_that the heel of my shoe broke off. I swung open the door, and Daniel was leaning forward with both arms _38_ toward me crying, “Oh, Ma, Im so

53、glad youre home.”I sobbed in his arms，telling him how _39_ I felt about not being there when the lifeguard called.“Its okay, Mom，” he _40_ me. “Ill be fine. The doctor says I can go back in the water in eight days.”“What？” I asked.I told him he wasnt _41_ to go near water again until he was 35.For t

54、he next seven days he kept _42_me to let him go back on the board.One day after I repeated “No” to him, he beat me at my own game.“Mom, you _43_ us never to give up what we love.”I _44_.Back then Daniel was just a boy who was enthusiastic about surfing. Now hes a man with responsibility. He has a(n)

55、 _45_among the top 25 professional surfers in the world.I was tested in my own backyard on an important principle that I taught audiences in distant cities: “Passionate people embrace(擁抱)what they love and never give up.”()31.A.competitorsBcolleaguesCparentsDcompanions()32.A.researchedBimprovedCtest

56、edDmanaged()33.A.reportedBdemandedCrequiredDconducted()34.A.draggedBwalkedCrushedDfetched()35.A.directlyBsteadilyCcautiouslyDsecretly()36.A.acceptedBgreetedCblamedDdismissed()37.A.naturallyBhappilyCfastDheavily()38.A.settled downBreached outCfastened upDsought out()39.A.normalBrelaxedCcalmDawful()40.A.comfortedBdiscouragedChurtDprotected()41.A.forcedBchargedClimitedDallowed()42.A.scoldingBconsultingCpressingDinstructing()43.A.taughtBwarnedCremi