2021屆高考英語 小題必練14 閱讀理解之推理判斷題

1、2021屆高考英語 小題必練14 閱讀理解之推理判斷題2021屆高考英語 小題必練14 閱讀理解之推理判斷題年級：姓名：14小題必練14：閱讀理解之推理判斷題(1)推理判斷是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎上，通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節(jié)的暗示，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。(2)主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關系的能力以及考生的識別能力。(3)推理判斷題所涉及的內容可能是文中某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎上，對文章字面信息進行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義。1.推斷隱含意義邏輯分析得結論【典例】（2020全國1卷b篇節(jié)選）there a

2、re three books i reread annually.the first, which i take to reading every spring is emest hemningways a moveable feast. published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s paris. the language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. another is anni

3、e dillards holy the firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (隨筆) about everything and nothing. the third book is julio cortazars save twilight: selected poems, because poetry. and because cortazar.what can we infer about the author from the text?a. he loves poetry.b. hes an editor.c. hes very ambitious.d. he t

4、eaches reading.【答案】a【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“the third book is julio cortazars save twilight: selected poems, because poetry.”第三本書是胡里奧科塔扎的拯救暮光之城: 詩歌精選，因為詩歌。可知，作者是由于喜歡詩歌而喜歡這本書。故選a項。【點撥】第一步確定題干中的關鍵信息第二步在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，立足原文，再結合語境和生活常識進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。2. 寫作意圖類文體特點看意圖【典例】（2020全國2卷c篇節(jié)選）unusual fashion shows in new orlean

5、s and brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “it sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free furunless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says cree mccree, project director of righteous fur.what is the purpose of the fashion shows in

6、 new orleans and brooklyn?a. to promote guilt-free fur.b. to expand the fashion market.c. to introduce a new brand.d. to celebrate a winter holiday.【答案】a【解析】推理判斷題。由于海貍鼠對生態(tài)造成了巨大的破壞，這場海貍鼠皮衣時裝秀銷售的是無罪惡感皮衣。故選a?！军c撥】寫作意圖通常有以下三種：(1)to entertain readers/to tell an experience常見于記敘文、個人經歷或故事類的文章。(2)to persuade

7、readers/to sell a product or a service/to attract readers or visitors常見于廣告。(3)to inform readers/to report/to tell/to describe . 多見于科普類、新聞報道類、文化類或社會生活類的文章，以及勸告類或建議性的文章。3.觀點態(tài)度類依據(jù)措辭定態(tài)度【典例】（2020全國1卷c篇節(jié)選）race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributin

8、g to fewer injuries. it does, however, have its own problem.which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?a. skeptical.b. objective.c. tolerant.d. conservative.【答案】b【解析】推理判斷題。研究表明，競走和跑步一樣有很多健身益處，而且它還很少導致受傷。不過，它也有自己的問題。由此判斷出作者對于競走的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選b項?！军c撥】1.注意作者或文中人物的措辭：文章作者或文中人物對某事物所持的觀點或態(tài)度往

9、往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中。(1)正確掌握字里行間所隱含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的觀點來代替作者或文中人物的觀點。(2)留意那些描寫所處氛圍的語言及表達情感、態(tài)度或觀點的詞語或句子。(3)結合平時所積累的有關英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風俗習慣等的背景知識來進行合理的推斷。2.牢記常見有關作者情感態(tài)度的詞語：(1)表示支持或肯定：positive積極樂觀的；supportive支持的；optimistic樂觀的；humorous幽默的；enthusiastic熱情的；pleasant愉快的。(2)表示中立：indifferent不感興趣的，漠不關心的；uninterested不感興趣的

10、；objective客觀的；neutral中立的；not mentioned未提及的。(3)表示反對或否定：disgusted憎惡的，厭惡的；critical批評的；negative否定的，消極的；suspicious/skeptical懷疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不贊成的。aspotify can tell if youre sad. heres why that should scare you. want to figure out if someone is a patient with a mental disability：ask them wh

11、at their favorite song is. a new york university study last year found that people who loved eminems loseyourself and justin biebers whatdoyoumean? were more likely to have trouble with mental disabilities than people who were into direstraits.over the past few years, spotify has been improving the

12、ability to analyze information to help businessmen target consumers with advertisements made specially for their needs. they conclude this from the sort of music youre listening to, combined with where and when youre listening to it, along with thirdparty data that might be available.now, to be clea

13、r, theres nothing significantly illegal about what spotify is doing with your information. i certainly dont think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads selling a culture struggle while youre listening to music that suggests you might be in a terrible situation. however

14、, i find it disappointing that our personal, private moments with music are increasingly being turned into information points and offered to advertisers.you can see where this could go, cant you? as ad targeting gets ever more accurate, businessmen will have the ability to target our feelings in pot

15、entially improper ways. according to one study, you are more likely to spend more on a product if youre feeling sad. you can imagine some companies might take advantage of that. and on that note, im feeling a little down about all this. head off to treat myself to something expensive.語篇解讀：音樂服務平臺spot

16、ify能通過用戶所聽歌曲的類型來判斷用戶的心情，進而將用戶的信息提供給商人，幫助他們鎖定消費者，促其消費，這種行為導致作者對其非常失望。1. whats the purpose of the first paragraph?ato introduce a new song.bto draw readers attention.cto help more patients.dto promote a new medium.【答案】b【解析】推理判斷題。作者以令人感興趣的話題引入，吸引讀者注意力，進而在第二段中提出主題，由此可知，第一段的目的是引起讀者的興趣，故選b項。2. why does sp

17、otify improve its ability to analyze information?ato provide services for the government.bto work with shadowy consulting firms.cto get listeners personal information.dto help businessmen attract consumers.【答案】d【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“. spotify has been improving the ability to analyze information to hel

18、p businessmen target consumers with advertisements made specially for their needs.”可知，spotify一直在提高其分析信息的能力，其目的是幫助商人吸引消費者，故選d項。3whats the authors attitude toward spotify?auncertain.bsupportive.cpositive.ddissatisfied.【答案】d【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“however, i find it disappointing that .”和最后一段中的“and on that

19、 note, im feeling a little down about all this.”可知，作者對spotify很失望，故選d項。4. who is the text probably designed for?amusic lovers.bofficials.cresearchers.dmanagers.【答案】a【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“the sort of music youre listening to”和第三段中的“while youre listening to music”可知，本文主要針對音樂愛好者而寫，故選a項。btechnology offers co

20、nveniences such as opening the garage door from your car or changing the television station without touching the tv.now one american company is offering its employees a new convenience: a microchip implanted (植入) in their hands. employees who have these chips can do all kinds of things just by wavin

21、g their hands. three square market is offering to implant microchips in all of their employees for free. each chip costs $300 and three square market will pay for the chip. employees can volunteer to have the chips implanted in their hands. about 50 out of 80 employees have chosen to do so. the pres

22、ident of the company, his wife and their children are also getting chips implanted in their hands.the chip is about the size of a grain of rice. implanting the chip only takes about a second and is said to hurt only very briefly. the chips go under the skin between the thumb and forefinger. with a c

23、hip in the hand, a person can enter the office building, buy food, sign into computers and more, simply by waving that hand near a scanner. the chips will be also used to identify employees. employees who want convenience, but do not want to have a microchip implanted under their skin, can wear a wr

24、istband (腕帶) or a ring with a chip instead. they can perform the same tasks with a wave of their hands as if they had an implanted chip.three square market is the first company in the united states to offer to implant chips in its employees. epicenter, a company in sweden, has been implanting chips

25、in its employees for a while.three square market says the chip cannot track the employees. the company says scanners can read the chips only when they are within a few inches of them. “the chips protect against identity theft, similar, to credit cards.” the u.s. food and drug administration approved

26、 the chips back in 2004, so they should be safe for humans, according to the company.in the future, people with the chips may be able to do more with them, even outside the office. todd westby is chief executive officer of three square market. he says, “eventually, this technology will become standa

27、rdized allowing you to use this as your passport, public transit, all purchasing opportunities, etc.”語篇解讀：這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一種可以植入員工手中的微型芯片，介紹了該芯片的優(yōu)勢，以及人們對此的看法。5what is the third paragraph mainly about?athe substitutes of the chips.bthe advantages of the chips.cthe places to implant the chips.dthe potent

28、ial risks of implanting the chips.【答案】b【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段 “with a chip in the hand, a person can enter the office building, buy food, sign into computers and more, simply by waving that hand near a scanner. the chips will be also used to identify employees.”可知手握芯片，人們可以進入辦公樓，購買食物，登錄電腦等等，只需在掃描儀附近揮動這只手。這些

29、芯片還將被用來識別員工。由此可知，第三段主要是在說明這種芯片能夠給人們帶來便利的優(yōu)勢。故選b。6what does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 5 refer to?athe handsbthe employeescthe credit cardsdthe scanners【答案】d【解析】詞義猜測題。掃描儀只能在芯片離掃描儀不到幾英寸的地方讀取芯片。由此可知，此處“them”指代上文中的the scanners “掃描儀”。故選d。7we can infer that _.athe chips are popular among the e

30、mployeesbthe chips have magic powerscthe price of the chips is reasonabledmost people suspect the application of the chips【答案】a【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“about 50 out of 80 employees have chosen to do so.”超半數(shù)的員工選擇植入微型芯片，由此可知該芯片受歡迎。故選a。8which of the following best describes todd westbys attitude towards the ch

31、ips?adefensive.bdisappointing.coptimistic.dcasual.【答案】c【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中he says, “eventually, this technology will become standardized allowing you to use this as your passport, public transit, all purchasing opportunities, etc.”這項技術將會標準化，你可以將其用作護照、公共交通工具、支付方式等?！庇纱丝赏浦瑃odd westby對芯片的態(tài)度是樂觀的。故選c。ckevi

32、n randall, a teacher, who teaches biology at grandville high school, runs the environmental club at the high school, which has around 2,000 students. the club is known as the ghs green team, and it aims to raise awareness among students and teachers about sustainability(持續(xù)性).it also works on project

33、s to reduce the environmental footprint of the building itself.one of the clubs recent projects focused on reducing waste in the school cafeteria. randall said their cafeteria supervisor told them that the school went through 54,000 plastic forks every year. the club applied for a financial help, bu

34、ilt recycling centers for the cafeteria, and purchased metal silverware.and now every student uses a durable metal fork or a spoon instead of disposables. (一次性用品),“and thats just one way were trying to capture the low-hanging fruit, if you will, ”randall said.the efforts of randall and his students

35、have earned grandville high school the michigan green school certification from the state. in addition to their work reducing waste in the cafeteria, the ghs green team has also built a garden with flowers and vegetables on campus, and leads cleanups on site and out in the community. over the years,

36、 randall and his students have also been working on raising money to install solar panels(太陽能板) on the roof of the high school.randall said he was motivated to take the lead on environmental issues for his school because he wanted his students to have someone to turn to in the building who understan

37、ds whats at stake(利害攸關）when it comes to climate change.“and i also felt like i needed to do more in my life for my own two children at home,” randall added, “they need to know that their dad is working as hard as he can to reduce the effects of climate change, and to spread the word, and to make sur

38、e that other students out there are learning about this just the way they are at home.”語篇解讀：這是一篇記敘文。講述了kevin randall老師在學校組織了一個環(huán)保俱樂部，帶領學生進行環(huán)境保護相關的活動及成就，提高學生環(huán)境保護意識的故事。9what is the purpose of the ghs green team club?ato inspire students love for biology.bto finish the projects assigned by school.cto pr

39、epare students for their future jobs.dto promote environmental protection.【答案】d【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“it aims to raise awareness among students and teachers about sustainability(持續(xù)性).it also works on projects to reduce the environmental footprint of the building itself.”（它旨在增強學生們和老師們關于可持續(xù)發(fā)展的意識。它也致力于減少建筑本身的

40、環(huán)境面積的項目。）可知，the ghs green team club的目的在于促進環(huán)境保護。故選d。10whats the result of the project on school cafeteria?ait has changed the outlook of the cafeteria.bstudents can have more fruits in the cafeteria.cplastic forks are no longer used in the cafeteria.dthe school has become famous nationwide.【答案】c【解析】細

41、節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“and now every student uses a durable metal fork or a spoon instead of disposables.(一次性用品),”（現(xiàn)在每個學生都使用耐用的金屬餐叉或勺子，而不是一次性餐具。）可知，學校餐廳項目的結果是餐廳不再使用塑料餐具。故選c。11whats the fourth paragraph mainly about?athe classification of the projects.bthe characteristics of the club.cthe activities organized by

42、 the club.dthe future of the club.【答案】c【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段內容，“reducing waste in the cafeteria”（減少餐廳廢物的垃圾）；“built a garden with flowers and vegetables on campus”(在校園里建立了有鮮花和蔬菜的花園）;“install solar panels(太陽能板) on the roof of the high school”（在高中屋頂安裝太陽能電池板）;可知第四段的主要介紹了這個俱樂部組織的活動有哪些。故選c。12what was randalls a

43、im by doing the work on environmental issues?ato educate the young.bto get material rewards.cto amuse his children.dto make himself famous.【答案】a【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“because he wanted his students to have someone to turn to in the building who understands whats at stake(利害攸關）when it comes to climate cha

44、nge.”（因為他想要讓他教學樓里的學生能夠變成理解氣候變化的利害相關的人。）可知，randall的目的在于教育年輕人。故選a。dwhile we may think it feels good to complain, complaining has some bad effects associated with it.why isnt complaining beneficial? research shows that it connects our brain with negativity. the brain is designed to work efficiently. th

45、is means that when we repeat a thought, negative or positive, the nerve cells form a bridge between each other to pass information in a higher speed. therefore, the next time we have a similar type of thought, it is more easily passed. this explains why certain thought patterns become habits.yet the

46、 harmful effects dont stop there. a study show that complaining causes the hippocampus(海馬), which plays a vital role in problemsolving, to become smaller.in addition to causing brain damage, complaining also releases a stress hormone：cortisol(皮質醇), a kind of chemical the body produces when we meet w

47、ith some danger. constantly having a high level of cortisol results in high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and lower immunity(免疫力)the ill effects of our complaining arent just limited to ourselves:they also involve those around us. we tend to mirror the moods of our friends. for this reason, we s

48、hould be cautious about having stubborn complainers in our circle of companions.the best way to deal with constant negativity is to develop a sense of gratitude. just like complaining acts as a poison, gratitude acts as a medicine. research shows it lowers cortisol levels by 23 percent, as well as reduces blood pressure and blood sugar. it also decreases tiredness and depression. gratitude