英語被動語態(tài)講解及練習和參考答案

1、語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese. 謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主語English是動詞speak的承受者。注意：只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。1、 被動語態(tài)的構成形式1. 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be過去分詞構成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)

2、的被動語態(tài)形式為： 1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.練習 1 John, you cant go out to play until your homework _. A. finishes B. has finished C. is finished D. was finished思路分析：本題考查的是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。作業(yè)是由某個人來完成的，因此用被動語態(tài)結(jié)構is finished，故選擇C。 2 We will fly a kite as soon as

3、your homework _. A. finishes B. will be finished C. has finished D. is finished思路分析：本題考查的是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。在題干中，your homework作時間狀語從句的主語，因此用被動語態(tài)結(jié)構，在時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，故選擇D。3.Your classroom is very clean. Yes, it _ every day. A. is cleaned B. cleans C. is cleaning D. was cleaned思路分析：本題考查的是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)every d

4、ay可知用一般現(xiàn)在時，排除C、D選項；由句意“教室每天被打掃”可知為被動語態(tài)，故選擇A。4. Your classroom is really bright and clean. It after school every day. A. is cleaned B. cleaned C. was cleaned D. cleans思路分析：本題考查的是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。由“every day”可知教室被打掃是每天都發(fā)生的事，用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動形式：am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞，故選擇A.2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時例All the preparations

5、 for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.練習 Do you know Lucys grandma? Of course. She is a kind woman, but she has for about a month since she in the accident.A. been dead; was killed B. died; was killed C. been dead; killed D. died; killed思路分析：本題考查的是現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)下半句句意“距她在事故中

6、喪生已有一個月左右的時間了”可知是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，排除C，D；又因為die是非延續(xù)性動詞，不能和一段時間連用，而dead是延續(xù)性動詞，可以和一段時間連用，故選擇A。3） am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進行時例A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般過去時例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.練習1. The new bridge _ last month. Now its easy to go to the c

7、ity center. A. built B. was built C. has been built D. were built思路分析：本題考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語“l(fā)ast month（上個月）”可以判斷用一般過去時，主語“the new bridge”與動詞“build”之間為被動關系，用被動語態(tài)，其結(jié)構為：was/were +done，故選擇B。2. My e-mail _ to you last night. A. sent B. is sent C. was sent D. sends思路分析：本題考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。last night為過去的時間，

8、排除B，故選擇C。3. Who is that little boy in the photo, Oscar? Oh, its me! It _ when I was five years old. A. was taken B. took C. was taking 思路分析：本題考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。由題干“when I was five years old”可知是一般過去時，故選擇A。4. Thousands of people after the powerful earthquake happened in Japan on March 11th.A. saved B. wa

9、s saved C. were saved D. has saved思路分析：本題考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。日本地震發(fā)生在過去，主語又是復數(shù)，排除B選項，故選擇C。5. Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon?Yes. Every student about itA. tells B. told C. was told D. has told思路分析：本題考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“每個同學都被告知這件事”可知是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故選擇C。6. Chin

10、a has offered much help to Japan since it _ by the earthquake and tsunami（海嘯）. A. hits B. is hit C. was hit D. will be hit思路分析：本題考查的是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“自從日本被地震和海嘯襲擊以來中國向它提供了很多幫助”可知是一般過去時的被動形式“was/were+動詞的過去分詞”，故選擇C。 5） had been done 過去完成時例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been complet

11、ed in Beijing.6） was/were being done 過去進行時例A meeting was being held when I was there.7） shall/will be done 一般將來時例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.練習1. Would you like to go to the movie with me? Sorry, I _ to go out tonight. A. wont be allowed B. am allowed C. dont allow D. will al

12、low思路分析：本題考查的是一般將來時的被動語態(tài)?！癰e allowed to do sth”是“被允許做某事”的意思，根據(jù)句意“你愿意和我一起去看電影嗎？對不起，今晚我不被允許外出?！笨芍帽粍诱Z態(tài)的否定形式，根據(jù)“tonight（今晚）”判斷用一般將來時，一般將來時的被動語態(tài)的否定結(jié)構是：will not be +done，故選擇A。2. The 2010 Asian Sports Meet _ this November in Guangzhou. Yes. I hope Chinese players will do well. A. will be held B. has been

13、held C. was to be held D. would be held思路分析：本題考查的是一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。“2010年亞運會將在11月舉行”是未來要發(fā)生的事，用一般將來時的被動形式will be +動詞的過去分詞，故選擇A。8） should/would be done 過去將來時例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 將來完成時（少用）例The project will have been completed before

14、 July.2. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.練習1. Dear Eric, your room is too dirty. It should _ right now. Sorry. Ill do it now. A. is cleaned B. be cleaned C. was cleaned D. cleans答案：B思路分析：本題考查的是含有should的被動語態(tài)的用法。帶有can，may，must等情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)

15、的構成是“情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞”，故選擇B。2. Waste paper shouldnt _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep our classroom clean. A. be thrown B. throw C. is thrown D. be throwing答案：A思路分析：本題考查的是含有should的被動語態(tài)的用法。帶有can，may，must等情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構成是“情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞”，故選擇A。3. Food safety is important. Rules _ to stop people from food

16、 pollution.A. must make B. must be made C. cant make D. cant be made答案：B思路分析：本題考查的是含有must的被動語態(tài)的用法。帶有can，may，should等情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構成是“情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞”，故選擇B。4. Must we clean the classroom now?No, you neednt. It _ after school.A. may clean B. must clean C. need be cleaned D. can be cleaned答案：D思路分析：本題考查的是含有

17、can的被動語態(tài)的用法。帶有must，may，should等情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構成是“情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞”，根據(jù)句意“可以放學后打掃”，可知選擇D。2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構時，可以把主動結(jié)構中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構中的主語，其余

18、不動。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結(jié)構中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構時，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有

19、些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)) 。例I dont like being laughed at in the public.二、 如何使用被動語態(tài)學習被動語態(tài)時，不僅要知道被動語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態(tài)。1. 講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者 (這時可省 by 短語

20、)。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 為了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一個主語就夠了）三、 It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, rep

21、ort, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe過去分詞that從句”或“主語be過去分詞to do sth.”。有：It is said that 據(jù)說,It is reported that據(jù)報道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that眾所周知，It is thought that大家認為，It is suggested that據(jù)建議。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is sa

22、id to have passed the national exam. ）四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式 表達被動意義,主語通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door wont lock （指門本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不會有人來鎖

23、門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2. 表示“發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？3. 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構中常以主動形式表示被動意義。 例Your reason sounds re

24、asonable.e.g.：這首歌聽起來很美妙。學生誤用：This song is sounded very beautiful.正確答案：This song sounds very beautiful.五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義 。1 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。2 形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而w

25、orthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）be worth doing sth. 值得做某事, sth. needs doing 某事需要被做（這兩個句型中，形式為主動, 表達的意義為被動）e.g. 舊衣服不值得保存。學生誤用：Old clothes are not worth kept. 正確答案：Old clothes are not worth keeping.e.g. 這輛自行車需要被修理。學生誤用：This bike nee

26、ds mended. 正確答案：This bike needs mending.3. 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構成主謂關系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do與things是動賓關系，與I是主謂關系。)試比較：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)一些常用的不及物動詞，因為不及物動詞不

27、能接賓語，故其沒有被動語態(tài)。appear 出現(xiàn) disappear 消失e.g. 她的臉上慢慢地現(xiàn)出了微笑。學生誤用：A smile was appeared on her face slowly.正確答案：A smile appeared on her face slowly.e.g. 飛機消失在云層后。學生誤用：The plane was disappeared behind the clouds.正確答案：The plane disappeared behind the clouds.happen 發(fā)生e.g. 這個事故發(fā)生在一天清晨。學生誤用：The accident was happ

28、ened on a early morning.正確答案：The accident happened on a early morning.die 死，死于e.g. 他死于一場交通事故中。學生誤用：He was died in a traffic accident.正確答案：He died in a traffic accident.begin/start 開始，end 結(jié)束e.g. 會議將在下午5點開始，8點結(jié)束。學生誤用：The meeting will be begun/started at 5 p.m. and ended at 8 p.m.正確答案：The meeting will

29、begin/start at 5p.m. and end at 8 p.m.arrive 到達e.g. 這封信兩天前就到了。學生誤用：The letter was arrived two days ago.正確答案：The letter arrived two days ago.last 持續(xù)e.g. 那場戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了5年。學生誤用：That war was lasted for five years.正確答案：That war lasted for five years.fall 掉下，落下e.g. 他的書掉進了河里。學生誤用：His book was fallen into the rive

30、r.正確答案：His book fell into the river.cost 花費e.g. 這件大衣花了多少錢？學生誤用：How much was this coat cost? 正確答案：How much did this coat cost?4. 在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult t

31、o work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5 在too to結(jié)構中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應用主動形式表示被動意義。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰 lost time不明確。）7. 在be to do結(jié)構中的一些不定式通常應

32、用主動表主動, 被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當于該名詞相應動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。1. “under +名詞”結(jié)構，表示“某事在進行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion

33、（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。例The building is under construction( is being constructed).2“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構，“出乎勝過、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭長莫及），beyond ones control（無法控制），beyond our hope 我們的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belief.3.“above+名詞”結(jié)構, 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過、高于”。例His hon

34、est character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4“for+名詞”結(jié)構，表示 “適于、 為著”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。 例That house is for sale.5“in+名詞”結(jié)構 ，表示“在過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。例The book is not yet in print6“on+名詞”結(jié)構, 表示“在從事 中”。常見的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）

35、, on trial（受審）。例Today some treasures are on show in the museum 7“out of+名詞”結(jié)構 ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常見的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出視線之外），out of ones reach(夠不著), out of fashion(不流行)等。例 The plane was out of control.8“within+名詞”結(jié)構，“在內(nèi)、不超過”。例He took two days off within the teachers permission.過去分詞作表語

36、與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：1. 系表結(jié)構中的過去分詞是表示主語的特征或狀態(tài)；而被動結(jié)構則是表示主語是動作的承受者。試比較：Our building is surrounded with the trees.（系表）The film is usually showed on Sunday.（被動）2. 系表結(jié)構不能接由by引導的短語；而被動結(jié)構中可以用由by引導的短語引出動作的執(zhí)行者。試比較：The book is well written.（系表）The book was written by Lu Xun.（被動）（二）使用被動語態(tài)應注意的幾點：1. 帶雙賓語的主動結(jié)構的句子，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)結(jié)構時，只

37、能將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個賓語仍要保留。如果保留的是間接賓語，則要在間接賓語之前加上介詞to或for，如：We are taught English by her.或English is taught to us by her.她教我們英語。2. 主動語態(tài)中不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要加上不定式符號to，如：The boss made him work over twelve hours a day.老板讓他每天工作12小時以上。He was made to work over twelve hours a day.3. 短語動詞用于被動語態(tài)時應作為一個整體，不能丟掉其

38、中的介詞或副詞。如：The meeting has been put off.會議推遲了。4. 有些及物動詞和及物動詞短語（多表示“靜態(tài)”）不能用于被動語態(tài)，常見的有have，cost，lack，last，own，hold，fit，agree with等。5. 有些不及物動詞以主動形式表示被動意義，常見的有cut，wash，write，sell等。如：The shirt washes well. 襯衫很好洗。1. The streets _ many times every day. A. clean B. cleans C. cleaned D. are cleaned2. What hap

39、pened to Martin yesterday? He _ by a car when he was crossing the road. A. hits B. was hit C. hit D. is hit3. The 30th Olympic Games _ in London in 2012.A. held B. is hold C. will hold D. will be held4. The students _ how to do the experiment in class yesterday. A. taught B. were taught C. are taugh

40、t D. teach5. The music is very loud and it can _ from a long way away. A. be heard B. is heard C. hear D. heard6. A new supermarket _ in my hometown next month. A. build B. will be built C. built D. builds7. Mr. Smith has a loud voice. His voice can _ clearly even in that big classroom. A. hear B. b

41、e heard C. be hearing D. have heard8. Now computers _ everywhere. I agree with you. I think they are the most useful inventions in the world. A. are using B. use C. are used D. will use9. The pizza _ by my mum just now. Would you like to have some? Yes, please. A. will be served B. served C. will se

42、rve D. was served10.The whole China _ to tears by Cairen Danzhou（才仁旦舟）, the youngest volunteer and hero in Yushu，Qinghai Province. A. move B. moves C. is moving D. is moved11. Thousands of Japanese people _ during the earthquake and tsunami last month. A. killed B. are killed C. were killed D. were

43、killing12. Its well-known that the telephone _ by Bell in 1876.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented13. The new supermarket _ two years ago. A. built B. builds C. is built D. was built14. It is true that knowledge _ instead of being taught. A. learns B. learned C. is learned D. was l

44、earned15. How beautiful the library!Yes. It _ last year. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built16. These photos _ on the Great Wall last week.A. were taken B. took C. take D. are taken 17. Can you read this letter for me? Sorry. It _ in French. I cant read it.A. writes B. wrote C. is written D.

45、 is writing18. Our school _ 20 years ago.A. built B. builds C. is built D. was built19. A talk on the history of the Great Wall _ in the school hall next week.A. gives B. gave C. will be given D. is given20. Look at the sign on the wall. Oh, smoking here. A. doesnt allow B. didnt allow C. isnt allowed D. wasnt allowed1. D 本題考查的是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。主語“the streets”與動詞“clean”之間為被動關系?！癳very day”為一般現(xiàn)在