非謂語動詞高三減縮版

1、非謂語動詞基礎(chǔ)篇動名詞動名詞的形式和句法功能動名詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。式語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式：not + 動名詞(1)一般式：Seeing is believing. (主語，表語)Its no use quarrelling with him.(主語) His habit, listening to the news on the radio, remains unchanged(同位語)(2)被動式：He came to the party without bein

2、g invited. (賓語)Being praised by his father made Tom very happy.(主語)(3)完成式：We remembered having seen the film. (賓語)(4)完成被動式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. (賓語)(5)否定式：not + 動名詞I regret not following his advice.(賓語)(6)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞(或名詞所有格)+ 動名詞He suggested our trying i

3、t once again. (賓語)His not knowing English troubled him a lot. (主語)考點解析篇1.主語：形式主語，主語的被動2.賓語：哪些動詞的賓語必須用動名詞，介詞后面要加動名詞，尤其是哪些以to結(jié)尾的短語后面加動名詞哪些特殊動詞既可以加動名詞又可以加不定式，以及意思的區(qū)別3.所有格，被動和否定形式重要考點分析常跟動詞ing作賓語的動詞歌訣:考慮建議盼原諒，consider, suggest / advise ,look forward to ,excuse / pardon 承認(rèn)推遲沒得想，admit, delay / put off , f

4、ancy 避免錯過繼續(xù)練，avoid , miss ,keep /keep on , practice 否認(rèn)完成停能賞，deny , finish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate 不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡，cant help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape不準(zhǔn)冒險憑想象。forbid , risk , imagine 有些動詞如remember, forget, try , regret, stop, go on ,mean, 等后既可接動詞不定式又可接動名詞，但意義不同。remember/forget/regret+ to do 表該動作未曾發(fā)生re

5、member/forget/regret+ doing表該動作已發(fā)生remember to do 記得要做某事remember doing 記得做過某事forget to do 忘記要做某事forget doing忘記做過某事regret to do 遺憾要做某事regret doing后悔做過某事stop to do 停止一件事去做另一件事stop doing停止做同一件事go on to do 繼續(xù)做另一件事go on doing繼續(xù)做同一件事mean to do 打算做某事mean doing意味著try to do 努力做某事try doing 試一試練習(xí)：1. If you can

6、keep _ (read) English newspapers, your English will be improved. 2. He has promised _ (come) to my birthday party.3. I hate _ (tell) lies!4. I will never forget _ (go) to Beijing with him last summer. I forgot _ (tell) her the news; so she knew nothing about it.Key: reading; to come; telling; going;

7、 to tell 例題篇1. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (2003上海卷)A. The president will attend B. The president to attendC. The president attended D. The presidents attending 解析 此題為動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語,句中the presidents為名詞所有格充當(dāng)動名詞attending的邏輯主語。2. You cant imagine what difficulty we ha

8、d _ home in the snowstorm. (2007遼寧卷)A. walkedB. walkC. to walkD. walking解析 have difficulty in doing sth 結(jié)構(gòu)的一種變化形式。用動名詞作介詞的賓語。3. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _ with him. (2006上海卷)A. to argueB. arguingC. arguedD. having argued解析 本題考察非謂語動詞中動名詞的應(yīng)用。學(xué)生應(yīng)該記住一些固定語法，如本句中，Its

9、no use + V-ing(做什么事情毫無用處)，故選B。4.When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _.(2005北京卷)A. to arrive; leavingB. to arrive; to leaveC. arriving; leavingD. arriving; to leave解析 remember 接 to do 與doing 做賓語的區(qū)別：remember doing 回憶起過去做過的事；remember to do記住要做的事。類似的知識點在2006江西卷中再

10、次考到，但是難度加大：After he became conscious，he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod(2006江西卷)A. to attack; hitB. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hit Dhaving been attacked; hit解析 remember后面跟不定式作賓語表示記住要去做，而跟動名詞作賓語表示記得已經(jīng)做過了，跟動名詞的一般式或完成式，意義一致。動名詞與其邏輯主語存在著邏輯上的被動關(guān)系,故選D，答案中的hit等于having been hit。 5.

11、 If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. (2006湖南卷)A. getsB. gotC. to getD. getting 解析 mean doing sth意為“意味著做某事”，表示如果你認(rèn)為對一個婦女好就意味著得到她給你東西的允許。mean to do sth意為“打算做某事”。6. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while s

12、he works. (2006北京卷)A. working; stoppingB. to work; stoppingC. working; to stopD. to work; to stop 解析 stand在這里表示“忍受”，后面要求用動名詞作賓語，而refuse要用不定式作賓語。7.It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration. (2006陜西卷)A. acceptB. acceptingC. to acceptD. accepted 解析 imagine要求用動名詞作賓語。該考點在200

13、6江蘇卷中再次考到：- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. (2006江蘇卷) - My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. having been 解析 imagine要求用動名詞作賓語。imagine與動名詞沒有時間的先后。選C8. - Robert is indeed a wise man. - Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! (2

14、007安徽卷)A. to takeB. takingC. not to takeD. not taking解析 regret doing/having done對做過的事情很后悔，regret not doing/not having done表示對以前未做什么事情而后悔。用動名詞作賓語。選D9. - Can I smoke here? - Sorry. We dont allow _ here. (2007江蘇卷)A. people smokingB. people smokeC. to smokeD. smoking解析 題意為“我可以在這里吸煙嗎？抱歉，這里不允許吸煙”，根據(jù)allow的

15、基本用法allow sb to do和allow doing的結(jié)構(gòu)，選D。用動名詞作賓語。10. Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? (2006重慶卷)A. markB. be markedC. being markedD. marking 解析 got down to中的to是介詞因而要用動名詞作賓語，而動名詞marking與其邏輯主語you是主動關(guān)系。高考題練習(xí)題1. Its hard to imagine _ anywhere else but here.A. liveB. to liveC. livingD. to living解析 英

16、語中，有些動詞(短語)一般跟-ing形式作賓語，而不用不定式作賓語。這類動詞(短語)包括：advise, allow, avoid, consider(考慮), enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest , feel like, insist on 等。2. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ the exam. A. passB. to passC. passedD. passing解析 have a har

17、d time (in) doing意為“費了很大勁做”，-ing形式作介詞的賓語。此句中省略了介詞in，增加了試題的難度。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：spend . (in) doing花費做have difficulty / trouble (in) doing做有困難stop / prevent . (from) doing阻止做waste time (in) doing浪費時間做excuse . (for) doing原諒做be busy (in) doing 忙于做3. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A.

18、visitB. paying a visitC. walk in D. walking in解析 許多含有to 的短語動詞中的to為介詞，其后若跟動詞，應(yīng)用其-ing形式作賓語。這類短語有：look forward to, be (get) used to(習(xí)慣于), devote . to ., lead to, pay attention to, prefer . to . , stick to 等。4. - The light in the office is still on.- Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to

19、turn it offD. having turned it off解析 有些動詞既可跟-ing形式也可跟不定式作賓語，但含義不同。如：(1)forget , remember 后跟-ing形式表示已發(fā)生的動作，跟不定式表示未發(fā)生的動作。(2)try to do 盡力做； try doing 試著做(3)go on to do 接著做(另一件事)； go on doing 繼續(xù)做(原來在做的事)(4)mean to do 打算做； mean doing 意味著(5)cant help to do 不能幫助做； cant help doing 禁不住做(6)stop to do 停下來去做； s

20、top doing停止做5. - What do you think of the book?- Oh, excellent. It s worth _ a second time. A. to readB. to be readC. readingD. being read解析 be worth后常跟-ing形式的主動式作賓語，表示被動意義。6. This sentence needs _. A. improvementB. improveC. improvingD. improved解析 need后常跟-ing形式的主動式或不定式的被動式，表示被動意義。該句相當(dāng)于This sentence

21、 needs to be improved.7. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.(2005北京卷)A. To have hadB. Having hadC. HaveD. Having解析 動名詞“Having the answers ready”作主語。動詞不定式也可以做主語，但顯然這兒不可用完成形式，所以選A是錯誤的。8. The parents suggested _ in the hotel room but their kids we

22、re anxious to camp out during the trip.(上海2006春)A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept 解析 suggest doing sth. 建議做某事。suggest后面接動詞-ing形式作賓語，也可接名詞、代詞或從句，但不接動詞不定式。9. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week _ TV. (上海2004)A. to watch B. to watchingC. watching D. wa

23、tch解析 spend time / money (in) doing sth.花費時間或金錢干某事。doing sth. 作介詞in的賓語。主動、被動 / 關(guān)系進行、完成 / 狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞-ing主動進行過去分詞-ed被動完成現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能?，F(xiàn)在分詞的形式現(xiàn)在分詞及物動詞discuss不及物動詞 leave主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)一般式discussingbeing discussedleaving完成式having discussedhaving been discussedhaving left否定式：not + 現(xiàn)在分詞(1)現(xiàn)在分詞

24、的主動語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞主動語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，完成式表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，常作狀語。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。He has done his homework and he played basketball.Having done his homework, he played basketball. 做完作業(yè)，他開始打籃球。Not having done his homework, he played basketball. 還沒做完作業(yè)，他開始打籃球。

25、(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的被動的動作，完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的被動的動作。The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告訴了好幾遍，這個淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤?，F(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，當(dāng)分詞單獨做定語時，放在所修飾的名詞前；如果是分詞短語做定語放在名詞后。In the following years he work

26、ed even harder. 在后來的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。The man speaking is my father. 正說話的那個人是我的父親?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個定語從句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher. (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。My

27、 hobby is growing flowers.我的愛好是種花be + doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進行時，也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，它們的區(qū)別在于be + doing表示進行的動作是進行時，而表示特征時是系動詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語： 如下動詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch，keep等。以及with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Can you hear her singing the song in

28、 the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。The thief was caught stealing and was sent to the police. 小偷被逮住偷東西，并且被送到警察那。Dont leave the water running.別讓水放任自流了。I couldnt do my homework with all that noise going on. 噪聲不絕，我無法做作業(yè)。難點解析 - 常用doing的情況do. doing做賓語補足語的區(qū)別1.catch,

29、 find, keep, leave一般選用doing2.有特殊狀語，或題目表示“瞬間”或“持續(xù)”例題解析1. They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly.(2009 全國)A. being run B. run C. to run D. running2. Dont leave the water . While you brush your teeth.(2004 天津)A. run B. running C. being run D. to run3. I could smell something in the kitchen. Ca

30、n I call you back in a minute? (2007全國)A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt.4. I cant stand hearing a piano so badly.A. playing B. played C. being played D. to be played.5. He had us all through the meal.A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh.6. Tom was caught a wallet yesterday.A.

31、 stealing B. to have stolen C. to steal D. having stolen7. The missing boy was last seen near the river.A. to play B. to be playing C. play D. playing 8. If we have illegal immigrants in, many local workers will lose their jobs.A. came B. coming C. to come D. having come9. - There is something wrong

32、 with the table.- Yes, I can feel it .A. move B. moves C. moving D. to moveKey: 1-5 DBACC 6-9 ADBC(4)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語：現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語： (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工廠工作時，他是一名先進工人。現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語： Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語，表示伴隨：I stood wat

33、ching them and then went to greet them.我站著看了他們一會，然后去迎接他們。現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語： (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就會浪費寶貴的時間。Not having received a reply, we called again.沒有收到回復(fù)，我們再次致電?，F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語：European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the worl

34、d. = European football is played in 80 countries and this makes it the most popular sport in the world. 現(xiàn)在分詞作目的狀語：He got up early, hoping to catch the early bus.= He got up early to catch the early bus.現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語： Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨立主格： All the t

35、ickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開了。 Time permitting, well do another two exercises. time permits, well do another exercises. 如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習(xí)。 有時也可用with (without) +名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點著燈睡著了。現(xiàn)在分詞作獨立成分： Judging from(by) h

36、is appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看，他一定是個演員。Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來，女孩子更細心。注意：-ing形式作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。 -ing形式前可有while, when, unless, though, if等連詞。典型例題1. The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparing C. prepared D.

37、was preparing解析 句子中的分詞與邏輯主語之間為主動關(guān)系，故選B2. a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received解析 分詞短語表示的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時態(tài)。Not 要放在非謂語動詞之前3. “Cant you read?” Mary said to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily p

38、ointed D. and angrily pointing解析 現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，分詞與邏輯主語之間為主動關(guān)系，故選現(xiàn)在分詞。 故答案為A4. If you want a letter , you must keep in mind several rules while .A. written; written B. well written; writing C. well writing; writing D. well written; write解析第一個空為過去分詞作定語，分詞與他修飾的名次之間有被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。第二個空是while加現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯

39、主語之間為主動關(guān)系。故答案為B。實戰(zhàn)演練1.(08天津卷) _ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A. To throw B. ThrownC. ThrowingD. Being thrown2.(08浙江卷) _ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realized B. Not to realizeC. Not realizing D. Not to

40、 have realized3. He sat there _, with his head on his hand.A. and think B. thinkingC. thought D. being thought4. The wolf spoke in a _ voice and Mr. Dongguo felt _.A. frightened, frightening B. frightening, frightenedC. frighten, frightening D. frightening, frightening5. They set out _ for the _. A.

41、 searching; losing B. searching; lostC. to search; lost D. searched; losing 6. Its a pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby.A. asleep B. sleepC. sleeping D. slept7. The boy sat there _ what to do.A. doesnt knowing B. didnt knowingC. not know D. not knowing8. The secretary worked late into the night,

42、 _ a long speech for the international conference.A. to prepare B. preparedC. preparing D. was preparing9. European football is played in 80 countries _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make10. The _Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _tha

43、t he had enjoyed his stay hereA. visiting; add B. visited; addingC. visiting; adding D. visited; added Key: 1-5 CCBBB 6-10 CDCAC 11. _ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. (上海2001春)A. SufferedB. Suffering C. Having sufferedD. Being suffer

44、ed12. Finding her car stolen, _. (上海2001)A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help13. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. (上海2000)A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope14. While building a tunn

45、el through the mountain, _. (上海2000春)A. an underground lake was discovered B. there was an underground lake discoveredC. a lake was discovered undergroundD. the workers discovered an underground lake15. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. (上

46、海2004春)A. seizing; disappearedB. seized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing16. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (北京2004)A. To waitB. Have waited C. Having waitedD. To have waited17. European football is played in 80 c

47、ountries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET 1998)A. makingB. makesC. madeD. to make18. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (廣東2004)A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed19. Though _ money, his parents managed to send

48、him to university. (上海2002)A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in20. Having been attacked by terrorists, _. (上海2004)A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warnings were given to touristsKeys: 11-15 CDBDD 16-20 CACCB過去分詞過去分詞只有一種形式：規(guī)則動詞由

49、動詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。過去分詞的句法功能1. 過去分詞作定語：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會。注意當(dāng)過去分詞是單詞時，一般用于名詞前，如果是過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。2. 過去分詞作表語：The window is broken. 窗戶破了。T

50、hey were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。注意：be + 過去分詞，如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如果表示被動的動作是被動語態(tài)。區(qū)別：The window is broken.(系表)The window was broken by the boy. (被動)有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動，只表示完成。如：boiled water(開水)fallen leaves(落葉)newly arrived goods(新到的貨) the risen sun(升起的太陽)the changed world(變了的世界)這類過去分詞有

51、：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。3. 過去分詞作賓語補足語：I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。此類動詞還有see、get、find、have等有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補足語：With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他們出去玩去了。學(xué)習(xí)難點做賓語補足語時，如何確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。He gets the machine _ (run) al

52、l day.He got the machine _ (repair) yesterday.Keys: running repaired方法點撥：方法一：意義區(qū)分法。第一句的意思是“他讓機器一直運轉(zhuǎn)”，機器和運轉(zhuǎn)是主動的關(guān)系。第二句話的意思是“他昨天修機器了”，機器是修的賓語，所以用過去分詞。方法二：看動詞的詞性和是否缺少賓語。Run表“運轉(zhuǎn)”是vi，用現(xiàn)在分詞。Repair是vt，而且后面沒有賓語，賓語是machine，用過去分詞。練習(xí)：The old man found his grandson _ near the river. (cry)The old man found his grandson _ near the