主從復(fù)合句的譯法

1、主從復(fù)合句的譯法定語(yǔ)從句一、翻譯特點(diǎn)1、句法上是次要成分，但是語(yǔ)言作用上屬于重要成分。2、漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有定語(yǔ)從句，英語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句變化多樣，技巧性大，需要轉(zhuǎn)譯。3、定語(yǔ)從句的分類：限制性定語(yǔ)從句，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)化定語(yǔ)從句。二、限制性定語(yǔ)從句的譯法1、包孕法例： （1）The unit we use to measure voltage is the volt. （2）A coil of wire that moves in a magnetic field will have an e.m.f. induced in it.二、限制性定語(yǔ)從句的譯法 2、合譯法：主從句合譯成一個(gè)句子，運(yùn)用分切

2、法，按意群斷句。例： Fig.1 incorporates many of the factors which must be considered in developing a satisfactory system. 譯：圖1所示的許多因素，在研制性能良浩的系統(tǒng)時(shí)必須予以考慮。二、限制性定語(yǔ)從句的譯法3、重組法例： （1）There is another reason why A.C. is preferred to D.C. for long distance transmission. （2）In this book we will take the pragmatic attitu

3、de that adaptive control is a special type of nonlinear feedback control.二、限制性定語(yǔ)從句的譯法4、分切法：在引導(dǎo)詞前斷句，將從句譯成韓語(yǔ)中的后續(xù)性分句。例： Many electron guns include an electro-magnetic coil at the base of the gun which can be energized to cause a pre-determined deflection. 許多電子槍的底座裝有一個(gè)電磁線圈，該線圈通電后能偏轉(zhuǎn)一個(gè)預(yù)定的角度。三、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的譯法

4、1、包孕法例： （1）Hydrogen, which is the lightest element, has only one electron. （2）The states of process can be separated into two categories, which change at different rates.三、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的譯法2、在引導(dǎo)詞前切斷，將從句譯成漢語(yǔ)中聯(lián)合復(fù)句中的分句。例： （1）A force can be shown by a straight line, the length of which stands for the magnitud

5、e of the force. （2）A transformer is a piece of electrical distribution equipment, by means of which it is possible to change the voltage.四、狀語(yǔ)化定語(yǔ)從句的譯法所謂狀語(yǔ)化定語(yǔ)從句，即從形式上看是定語(yǔ)從句，但功能是狀語(yǔ)從句的功能。表現(xiàn)在原因、結(jié)果、條件或讓步等方式上，可譯成漢語(yǔ)中偏正復(fù)句中的相應(yīng)偏句。四、狀語(yǔ)化定語(yǔ)從句的譯法1、表原因的偏句，譯成因果復(fù)句中的原因分句例：Einstein, who worked out the famous theory of

6、Relativity, won the Nobel Prize in 1921.2、表結(jié)果的偏句，譯成因果復(fù)句中的結(jié)果分句例：Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily.3、表讓步的偏句，譯成讓步分句例：Iron, which is not strong as steel, finds wide application.四、狀語(yǔ)化定語(yǔ)從句的譯法4、表目的的偏句，譯成目的分句例：The bulb is sometimes filled with an inert gas which

7、 permits operation at a higher temperature.5、表特定條件的偏句，譯成條件分句例：For any machine whose input force and output force are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated.3、譯成表時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)例：Electrical energy that is supplied to a lamp can be turned into light energy.五、長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)從句的譯法1、先提后述法：在譯句中首先用“這樣（的）”、“這樣一些”和“下列（

8、的）”等這樣一些詞語(yǔ)，概括所有修飾成分，然后分別敘述各個(gè)修飾內(nèi)容。2、先述后提法：先敘述中心詞或詞組的修辭內(nèi)容，最后用“這樣的”、“這一切”、“這種”或“這些”等詞語(yǔ)予以呼應(yīng)。3、解環(huán)法：一個(gè)中心詞或詞組，由若干個(gè)定語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句環(huán)環(huán)相扣進(jìn)行修飾，可先將中心詞譯出，然后順著“修飾詞”依次翻譯其余成分。五、長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)從句的譯法3、解環(huán)法：例： An Amendment is a design change of a miner nature introduced after production manufacture which does not affect any of the items li

9、sted hereunder interchangeability, safety and performance.翻譯：“修正”是一種次要的設(shè)計(jì)更改，這種更改在生產(chǎn)制造后實(shí)施的，并不影響下面的所列的任何項(xiàng)目：產(chǎn)品的互換性、安全性和性能。對(duì)比：“修正”是一種生產(chǎn)制造后實(shí)施的、不影響以下任何項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)品的互換性、安全性和性能的次要設(shè)計(jì)更改。課堂作業(yè)1、The rate at which work is done is called power.2、There are some metals which is lighter than water.3、The electricity, which we use for electric lamp and fans, is produced by generators.4、Semi-conductor is a new kind of material, whi