It的用法與高考考點精講

1、it的用法與高考談起it，真可謂詞小作用大。it的用法一直是高考命題的熱點,也是教學中的重點與難點。下面結合高考試題來對其?？键c和特殊用法實行歸納。一、it用作代詞的用法1.it用作人稱代詞，可指人，也可指物。用來代替前面已經出現的詞、詞組或句子，以避免重復。1>.i was disappointed with the film . i had expected _ to be much better. ( 93 )a. that b. this c. one d. it 2>. there is still a copy of the book in the library. w

2、all you go and borrow ?no, id rather buy in the bookstore. a. one b. one; onec. one; itd. it; it2it 用來指代時間、地點、距離、天氣、氣候、季節(jié)、溫度、環(huán)境等或虛指的情境。 例如：it was nearly midnight when she came back.3代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西(包括嬰兒)。如：what a beautiful baby- is it a boy?4指代心目中或上文中的人或事物。3>-isn' t that ann's husband

3、over there?-no, it _ be him. i'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.( 2004.全國.29 )a. can't b. must not c. won't d. may not 4>-do you like _ here?-oh, yes. the air, the weather, the way of life. everything is so nice.( 2004.全國.32)a. this b. these c. that d. it it能夠指代"未指明,但談話雙方心里都明白的

4、那件事或那種情況", 在本題情景中it指"這兒的情況(the situation here)"。 又如： i can't stand it (= this situation) any longer!how's it (= your life, work, etc.) going? he is fifty, but he doesnt look it.(fifty years old )it還能夠指"已知的或暗含的事實或情況，例如：5>the parkers bought a new house but _will need a l

5、ot of work before they can move in. ( 2002.全國.25 )a. they b. it c. one d. which 在此指"買房之后的情況"。又如：she was frightened, but tried not to show it. 她非?？謶?但竭力沒有表現出來。二、it可在句子中作主語或賓語，用來代替一個名詞，一個短語，一個分句或一個句子，以避免它們在句子中的重復。為了避免句中作真正主語的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語和名詞性從句(一般都比較長)置于句首時造成頭重腳輕，習慣上用it作形式主語置于句首，指代后面的真正主語，使句

6、子顯得流暢,保持句子的平衡。而且，作形式主語的代詞只能用it ，不能用that，this等詞.it作形式主語的用法1.it + be形容詞(for sb./ sth) 動詞不定式此句型中的形容詞用來描述動詞不定式所指代的事情的特點。相當于to do sth. is +adj+.for sb./ sth，用于此句型的形容詞有：easy， hard， difficult，possible，important， impossible， necessary，good，bad，natural, safe, common, normal, dangerous, unusual, rare, pleasan

7、t等。6> is _ necessary to tell his father everything? (87) a. it b. that c. what d. he7> is _ necessary to complete the design before national day? (89) a. this  b. that  c. it  d. he 8> is _ possible to fly to th

8、e moon in a spaceship? (88) a. now b. man c. that d. it2.it+ be形容詞of sb動詞不定式此句型中的形容詞主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于該句型的形容詞有：kind, nice, wise, clever, brave, silly, foolish, stupid, polite, impolite, rude, friendly, careless, cruel, honest ,lazy, modest, naughty, selfish, wrong, right , 等。這個句型能夠改寫為：sb. is +adj.+to

9、do sth. 3.it + be 名詞 (for sb./ sth) 動詞不定式用于此句型的名詞有： a pity, a shame, a pleasure, a great joy, a waste of time, ones turn, ones duty, ones job, fun, good manners, bad manners等。 例如：it is our duty to serve the people.4.it+ be 形容詞/名詞doing sth此句型中的形容詞和名詞常見的有：no / little use, no / much good, no / much har

10、m, no / a wonder, useless, senseless, dangerous, enjoyable, worthwhile 等。如：it is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。9> _ felt funny watching myself on tv. a. oneb. this c. itd. that5.it +謂語+名詞從句(主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)it作形式主語, that從句作真正主語,常見的句型有： it + be + 形容詞(obvious, true, , surprising, wonderful, fu

11、nny, , likely, certain, probable, etc.) + that it + be + 形容詞(important necessary, right, possible strange, natural.) that sb. (should) do sth. it + be + 名詞詞組(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, no surprise, a fact, a pleasure, a surprise, an honor, a pity, common sense etc.)+ that10> _is a fact th

12、at english is being accepted as an international language( 1995.37 ) a. there b. this c. that d. it11>the foreign minister said ,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace .”( 2004.北京.24 )a. this is b. there is c. that is d. it is12>he hasnt slept at all for three days. _he is tire

13、d out.( 2005.湖北.30 )athere is no point bthere is no needcit is no wonder dit is no way13>_is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger and more prosperous economy. （2006高考浙江卷4）a.as b. that c. this d. it it+ be +過去分詞( said ,reported, believed, declared, expected, supposed

14、, hoped, accepted, stated, acknowledged, recognized, mentioned, proved. shown, announced, arranged, observed, proposed, regarded, considered, thought, learned, well known, pointed out,.) + that 14>it has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses i

15、n later life.(上海36)a. if b. because c. when d. that15>it is often that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. （09全國ii.6）a. said b. to say c. saying d. being said it+ be+過去分詞(suggested, ordered, demanded, requested . ) that sb. (should) do sth. it不及物動詞(seems, happens, appears, occurs)that或

16、it looks ( seems )+ as if .另外，常見的句型還有：it is not settled / has not been decided / is still unknown/ it makes no difference + whether it doesnt matter whether .如：it depends on the weather whether we will go.16> does _ matter if he cant finish the job on&

17、#160;time? (91)a. this b. that c. he d. it it作形式賓語的用法由作形式賓語，真正的賓語后置的固定句式有下面幾個類型：1主語+謂語+it+形容詞/名詞+動詞不定式/從句17> i don't think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (90) a. this b. that c. its d. it18> you should make it a rule to leave things _

18、you can find them again (1999.18) a. when b. where c. then d. there19. the chairman thought necessary to invite professor smith to speak at the meeting . ( 2005.全國ii卷.35 )athat bit cthis dhim20> he didnt make _clear when and where the meeting would be held.（2007高考天津卷1）a. this b. that c. it d. the

19、se21>as the busiest woman in norton. she made _her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. （06高考湖南26）a. this b. that c. one d. it2主語+謂語+it+從句在i like / love / enjoy / hate it when這個結構中,it 是形式賓語,真正的賓語是when從句所描述的某種情形。值得注意的是,這種情況與我們所熟悉的it作形式賓語的復合結構是不同的,因為在它之后沒有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語。又如：

20、i hate it when you cant discuss things openly.    i like it that everyone passed the exam. 22> i hate _when people talk with their mouths full.(1998.8)a. it b. that c. these d. them 23> i like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. ( 2004.全國.27 )a. this b. th

21、at c. it d. one24> id appreciate _if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. （2006山東24）a. that b. it c. this d. you 3主語+謂語+介詞+it+從句如：ill see to it that（注意做到）everything is ready in time.can i depend on it（相信）that this wont take place again? 4主語+謂語+it+介詞短語+從句i took it for granted that t

22、hey were not coming.三it 可用于強調結構,構成句型：it's +被強調部分+that/ who+句子的其他部分。如果被強調部分是人,既可用that又可用who,其余的全部用that。這個句型也可用于一般疑問句、否定句或特殊疑問句。其特點是：去掉it is(was)及that (who)后,在不添詞、不減詞的前提下能重新構成一個意義完整的句子。例如：25>was it during the second world war_ he died?(88) a. that b.

23、 while c. in which  d. then 26>it was not _ she took off her glasses _ i realized she was a famous film star.  (92) a. when , that  b. until , that

24、  c. until , that    d. when , then 27>it was about 600 years ago_ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (1997.25 ) a. that b. until c. before d. when28> it was not until 1920_regular radio broadcasts began. ( 1995.33 ) a. whil

25、e b. which c. that d. since29>it was only when i reread this poems recently _ i began to appreciate their beauty. a. until  b. that c. then  d. so  (97) 30>it is the abi

26、lity to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are. a. one   b. that c. what d. it  (2000) 31>why! i have nothing to confess. _you want me to say?(2004.上海.43)a. what is

27、it that b. what it is that c. how is it that d. how it is that32>i just wonder _that makes him so excited. （2006高考山東卷32） a.why it does b.what he does c.how it is d.what it is 33>he got his first book published. it turned out to be a bestseller. when was _?_ was in 2000 when he was still in col

28、lege. a. that; this b. this; it c. it; this d. that; it34>it was not until midnight they reached the camp site. （08重慶卷22）a. that b. when c. while d. as容易與強調結構混淆的固定句型：it is the first time ( that ) sb. have / has done sth.it was the first time ( that ) sb. had done sth.該句型中that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the first

29、(second)time,譯為：這是某人第一（二）次做某事。例如：it is the first time ( that ) i have been here.it was the first time ( that )i had visited the place. it is ( high / about ) time ( that ) sb. did / should do sth. 該句型中that引導虛擬定語從句，修飾先行詞time，意思是：某人早該做某事了。it is high time (that ) he went to school . it is / has been +

30、時間段+ since sb. did sth.it was+ 時間段+ since sb. had done sth. 若since從句中的謂語動詞是終止性動詞，表示“自某人做某事以來已經多久了”；若從句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞，則表示“自某人不做某事以來已經多久了”。例如：it is10 years since we left our hometown. 自我們離開家鄉(xiāng)已經10年了。it is10years since we lived in that village. 自我們不住在那個村莊已經10年了。35>that was really a splendid evening. it

31、s years _ i enjoyed myself so much. ( 2005.全國i卷.29 )a. when b. that c. before d. since 36>it is almost five years_we saw each other last time. （2005北京春季.23）a.before b.since c.after d.whenit is+ 時間段名詞+ before .此句型若為肯定句，意指“過了多久才”，若為否定句，則是指“沒過多久就”例如：it will be hours before he arrives here.幾小時以后他才會到這

32、兒。it was not long before they drove the enemy from their homeland. 沒多久他們就把敵人從他們的國土上趕跑了。37>scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. ( 2004.福建.31 ) a. since b. after c. before d. when38>it was some time _ we realized the truth. ( 2005.山

33、東.24 ) a. when b. until c. since d. before39>how long do you think it will be _china sends a manned spaceship to the moon?perhaps two or three years. （2006福建卷25）a. when b. until c. that d. before40>it _long before we _ the result of the experiment（2002年上海春）awill not be；will know bis；will know

34、cwill not be；know dis；know it is +時間名詞+ whenit was 8 oclock when he came back.（定語從句）it is +時間狀語+that it was 3 years ago that he joined the army.（強調結構）it is +地點名詞+ whereit is the place where i was born.（定語從句）it is +地點狀語+ thatit was in the place that i came to know him.（強調結構）四替代詞it, that與one的區(qū)別it表特指，替

35、代前文中出現過的同一名詞；替代前文中出現過的同類名詞時，用that和one。that表特指，相當于“the+名詞”，可代替單數可數名詞或不可數名詞（只指物不指人），one用于泛指，相當于“a/an+名詞”，只代替單數可數名詞（可表示人也可表示物）。i hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have_.( 1995.22 ) a. it b. those c. them d. one-why don't we take a little break?-didn't we just have _? ( 2000.23)ait

36、 bthat cone dthismeeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _i will always treasure. (2002.全國.35) a. that b. one c. it d. whatmeeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ i will always treasure. （2002. 35）a. that b. one c. it d. whatwe needed a new c

37、upboard for the kitchen. so peter made _ from some wood we had. ( 2004.廣西.24 )a. it b. one c. himself d. anothercars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. (2005江西卷)aone  bones  cit  dthose weve been looking at the houses but havent found _

38、we like yet. （2005浙江卷） aone  bones   cit        dthem  i prefer a flat in inverness to _in perth, because i want to live near my mom' s. （2005天津卷）        a. one       

39、0;   b. that         c. it             d. this 1 admired the painting, and ed said he would like me to have _ as a gift from him. (08 高考延考區(qū).6)a. one b. it c. thisd. somei like this house wit

40、h a beautiful garden in front. but i dont have enough money to buy . （09四川）a. one b. it c. this d. that五it對關系代詞as的干擾 _is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. ( 2002.全國.34 )a. it b. as c. that d. what _ is reported in the newspapers , talks between the two countries

41、are making progress. ( 2004.北京.34 )a.it b. as c. that d what以上兩題考察了as引導的定語從句,若選that,句子應分別為：it is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.it is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress. 六it對關系代詞which的干擾 carol said the work w

42、ould be done by october, _ personally i doubt very much. (nmet 1999) a. it b. that c. when d. which此題中which引導非限制性定語從句,代指主句的整個內容。若用it,則該句為：carol said the work would be done by october, but personally i doubt it very much. 又如：tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didn'

43、;t help. (93) a. he b. which c. she d. itthe doctor advised vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. ( 2005全國iii卷13 )ait bshecwhichdhe七it對there be句型的干擾_ no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled. (91) a. it has b. there has c. it is d. there

44、 is_ is no possibility _ bob can win the first prize in the match. ( 2001.上海.春.35 )a. there that b. it that c. there whether d. it whether常見的there be句型有：there is no doubt that / of 毫無疑問 there is no need to do /for 沒有必要 there is no denying無可否認 there is no hurry about 無需慌張there is no difficulty in方面沒困難 there is no difference between沒區(qū)別there is no possibility that/ of 沒可能 there is no room for 沒有余地 there is no sense in 是無意義的 there was a time when 以前有一段時間 there is no chance that/ of 沒有的機會八其它含有it的常見句式和短語：it takes sb. . to do sth.if it had not been for若要不是it remains to be seen / proved that有待于