英語(yǔ)一般過(guò)去時(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納總結(jié)(共9頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上一般過(guò)去時(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為；主語(yǔ)在過(guò)去時(shí)間段所具備的能力和性格。一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子最明顯的現(xiàn)象就是常由表達(dá)過(guò)去時(shí)間的副詞、副詞短語(yǔ)或從句來(lái)界定?！斑^(guò)去”的概念并不僅指如“yesterday, last week, ”等，實(shí)際上“與現(xiàn)在對(duì)立的過(guò)去”，亦即“非現(xiàn)在的以前”，哪怕是“過(guò)了說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)間的幾分鐘之前”，只要所要表達(dá)的時(shí)間與說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)的“現(xiàn)在”形成對(duì)立，就必須使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：He was here only a few minutes ago.僅僅幾分鐘前他還在這里。I came home just

2、 now. 我剛回到家。“this + 時(shí)間，today”等時(shí)間副詞常用于修飾一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但是只要句子的本意是“與說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)的現(xiàn)在”對(duì)立，即使句子中有“this + 時(shí)間，today”等時(shí)間副詞，也必須使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：I got up very early this morning.今天早晨我起床很早。He was late for school again today.今天他又遲到了。強(qiáng)化理解：1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)刻或時(shí)期所發(fā)生的事情，也可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。一般過(guò)去時(shí)只說(shuō)明過(guò)去的事情，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。I had a word with Julia thi

3、s morning.今天早晨，我跟朱麗亞說(shuō)了幾句話(huà)。 He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.他沒(méi)有戒煙的那陣子，抽煙抽得可兇了。2.表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間里經(jīng)常或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常與always，never等連用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太過(guò)去老是帶著一把傘。(只是說(shuō)明她過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘)I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。(不涉及到現(xiàn)在，不說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在是否喝酒)3.表示過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種情況下句子中往往沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，通過(guò)

4、上下文來(lái)表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then died.那男孩把眼睛張開(kāi)了一會(huì)兒，看看船長(zhǎng)，然后就去世了。4.有些句子雖然沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)是指過(guò)去，也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這一點(diǎn)我們中國(guó)學(xué)生往往出錯(cuò)，要特別注意！I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。(因?yàn)樵谡f(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)，我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話(huà)指的是說(shuō)話(huà)之前，所以只能 用過(guò)去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上，這句話(huà)暗指：But now I know you were here.)I

5、thought you were ill.我以為你病了呢。(這句話(huà)應(yīng)是在說(shuō)話(huà)之前我以為你病了，但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒(méi)病)5.在談到已死去的人的情況時(shí)多用過(guò)去時(shí)。Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷鋒是個(gè)好戰(zhàn)士。6.一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。大體可分為如下幾類(lèi)：yesterday、the day before yesterday (前天)、the other day (前幾天)、in the old days (在過(guò)去的日子里)just now (剛才)、this morning/afternoon/eveningago (a while ago方才、剛才two d

6、ays ago前兩天、a few days ago前幾天、long long ago很久很久以前)last night / week / Sunday / weekend / month / winter / year / century(上個(gè)世紀(jì))once upon a time (很久以前)、before(在之前，如：before liberation在解放前)at + 一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) (at the age of 10在10歲是時(shí)候)、then (= at that time) (當(dāng)時(shí))When引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(When I was 8 years old，當(dāng)我八歲的時(shí)候)表達(dá)方法：一般過(guò)

7、去時(shí)的表達(dá)方法可以細(xì)分為以下三種情況：(一)連系動(dòng)詞(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為系動(dòng)詞)be的一般過(guò)去時(shí)系動(dòng)詞be的一般過(guò)去時(shí)屬于不規(guī)則變化，第一、第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)用was，其他情況用were?；居梅ㄒ?jiàn)表一。表一人稱(chēng)和數(shù)肯定句(肯定陳述句)否定句(否定陳述句)一般疑問(wèn)句肯定、否定回答單數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)I was late yesterday.I wasnt late yesterday.Were you late yesterday?Yes, I was.No, I wasnt.第二人稱(chēng)You were late yesterday.You werent late yesterday.Were you late yest

8、erday?Yes, I was.No, I wasnt.第三人稱(chēng)He was late yesterday.He wasnt late yesterday.Was he late yesterday r?Yes, he was.No, he wasnt.屬于單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)Her car was a Toyota.Her car wasnt a Toyota.Was her car a Toyota?Yes, it was.No, it wasnt.Tom was ill yesterday.Tom wasnt ill yesterday.Was Tom ill yesterday?Yes, h

9、e was.No, he wasnt.There was an apple on the table last night.There wasnt apple on the table last night.Was there apple on the table last night?Yes, there was. No, there wasnt.復(fù)數(shù)所有復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)和所有復(fù)數(shù)形式We were students.We werent students.Were you students?Yes, we were.No, we werent.You were my employees.你們是我的雇

10、員。You werent my employees.Were you my employees?Yes, we were.No, we werent.They were doctors.They werent doctors.Were they doctors?Yes, they were.No, they werent.My parents were teachers.My parents werent teachers.Were your parents teachers?Yes, they were.No, they werent.These were my books.These we

11、rent my books.Were these your books?Yes, they were.No, they werent.(二)普通動(dòng)詞(也稱(chēng)為“實(shí)義動(dòng)詞”、“行為動(dòng)詞”)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.陳述句。普通動(dòng)詞(也稱(chēng)“實(shí)義動(dòng)詞”、行為動(dòng)詞)組成的一般過(guò)去時(shí)陳述句形式為：主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+ 賓語(yǔ) + 其它。動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化可分兩類(lèi)：規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。規(guī)則變化有如下幾種情況：情 況構(gòu)成方法讀 音例 詞一般情況加 ed元音后面讀t清輔音后讀t濁輔音后讀d在t、d音后面idworkworkedlistenlistened以e結(jié)尾的詞加 dlikelikedarrivearrived以重讀閉

12、音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞先雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母再加 edstopstoppedplanplanned以元音字母 + y結(jié)尾的詞加 edenjoyenjoyedplayplayed以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的詞把y改成 i再加edstudystudiedcarrycarriedworryworried2.否定句。普通動(dòng)詞(也稱(chēng)“實(shí)義動(dòng)詞”、行為動(dòng)詞)一般過(guò)去時(shí)陳述句變成否定句時(shí)，要借用助動(dòng)詞did。形式為：主語(yǔ) + did not + 動(dòng)詞原形。(其中：did not = didnt)3.疑問(wèn)句。普通動(dòng)詞(也稱(chēng)“實(shí)義動(dòng)詞”、行為動(dòng)詞)一般過(guò)去時(shí)陳述句變成疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，也需要借用助動(dòng)詞did。形式為：Did + 主語(yǔ)

13、+ 動(dòng)詞原形 + ?。普通動(dòng)詞(也稱(chēng)“實(shí)義動(dòng)詞”、行為動(dòng)詞)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法見(jiàn)表二。表二人稱(chēng)和數(shù)肯定句(肯定陳述句)否定句(否定陳述句)一般疑問(wèn)句肯定、否定回答單數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)I watched TV last night.I didnt watch TV last night.Did you watch TV last night?Yes, I did.No, I didnt.第二人稱(chēng)You watched TV last night.You didnt watch TV last night.Did you watch TV last night?Yes, I did.No, I didn

14、t.第三人稱(chēng)He watched TV last night.He didnt watch TV last night.Did he watch TV last night?Yes, he did.No, he didnt.屬于單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)His brother watched TV last night.His brother didnt watch TV last night.Did his brother watch TV last night?Yes, he did.No, he didnt.Mike watched TV last night.Mike didnt watch TV

15、last night.Did Mike watch TV last night?Yes, he did.No, he didnt.復(fù)數(shù)所有復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)和所有復(fù)數(shù)形式We watched TV last night.We didnt watch TV last night.Did you watch TV last night?Yes, we did.No, we didnt.You watched TV last night.You didnt watch TV last night.Did you watch TV last night?Yes, we did.No, we didnt.They

16、 watched TV last night.They didnt watch TV last night.Did they watch TV last night?Yes, they did.No, they didnt.My parents watched TV last night.My parents didnt watch TV last night.Did your parents watch TV last night?Yes, they did.No, they didnt.(三)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)要使用它們的過(guò)去式，后面的動(dòng)詞還使用原形。例如：I ha

17、d to do my homework yesterday. （昨天我不得不做作業(yè)。）can could(能，會(huì))may might(可以)mustmust(必須)have tohad to(不得不)shallshould(將要) 僅用于第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù) willwould(將要) 用于所有人稱(chēng) 對(duì)比辨析：1.表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常與always，never等連用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太過(guò)去老是帶著一把傘。(只是說(shuō)明她過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘)比較:Mrs. Peter always carries an u

18、mbrella.彼得太太老是帶著傘。(說(shuō)明這是她的習(xí)慣，表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘)Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太總是帶著一把傘。(表示說(shuō)話(huà)者對(duì)這一動(dòng)作或行為厭煩)I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。(不涉及到現(xiàn)在，不說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在是否喝酒)2.如果強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣時(shí)要用used to do過(guò)去常常做，而現(xiàn)在不那樣做了He used to drink alcohol('ælkhl, 酗酒; 酒精飲料).他過(guò)去喝酒。(意味著他現(xiàn)在不喝酒了。喝酒這個(gè)動(dòng)作終止了)I used to take a walk in the morning.我過(guò)去是在早晨散步。(意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了)I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我過(guò)去常常一天干十四個(gè)小時(shí)。(意味著現(xiàn)在不再一天工作十四個(gè)小時(shí)了)比較:I took a walk