高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法一定語從句

1、模塊一語法-定語從句定義定語從句起形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時，?？梢允÷?，但介詞提前時后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe

2、 boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定語I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. that人，物主語賓語A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主語賓語The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The

3、 picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主語賓語He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時間時間狀語I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地點地點狀語This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因狀語I ca

4、nt imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for whichas與which的區(qū)別：定語從句區(qū)別例句限制性定語從句中名詞前有such和the same修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定語從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無“正如”的意思。Th

5、ey won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：類別語法意義及特征例句限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定語從句對先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密

6、切，較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開，相當(dāng)于一個插入語，不能用that引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞做賓語時也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.一、考點聚焦1、功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語。2、位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后。Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞。（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞；或all

7、、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。（2）先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必須注意兩點： 先行詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. 關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的都稱關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。關(guān)系副詞：wh

8、en, where, why。that偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞。5、確定關(guān)系詞的步驟（1）先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。（2）看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?、在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which（1）先行詞被形容詞最高級 序數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時。（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時。（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時。 He was looking pleasantly at te children an

9、d parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行詞在主句中作表語關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞which時。 Which are the books that you bought for me ?7、宜用which而不用that的情況 （1）在非限制性定語從句中 （2）在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時 （3）當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時 （4）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時8、關(guān)系詞who與that指人時，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞（1）當(dāng)主句是there be句型

10、時，關(guān)系詞用who。（2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時，關(guān)系詞用who。（3）當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時，關(guān)系詞用that。 Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。 9、whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。如：Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room

11、, the window of which faces the river. 10、關(guān)系代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。 （1）先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many（much）中，從句都用as 引導(dǎo)。 Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：區(qū)別such that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。They are such lovely children that we love them much.the same that 引導(dǎo)定語

12、從句。 I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別：意義上：as 含有“這點正如一樣”。位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、關(guān)系副詞when與where、why、thatwhen

13、指時間 = in / at / on / during whichwhere指地點 = in / at / from / whichwhy指原因 = for which當(dāng)先行詞為way、day、reason、time時，可用that作關(guān)系副詞。（非正式場合）I dont like the way that / in which / he talks.當(dāng)time作先行詞時，關(guān)系詞可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 12、必須注意的問題 （1）關(guān)系詞作主語時，從句中謂語的數(shù)。 （2）注意區(qū)別定語從句與強調(diào)

14、句。 定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。 強調(diào)it無意義，that / who不是引導(dǎo)詞。 強調(diào)it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強調(diào)句，講不通則不是。 It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語從句) It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（強調(diào)句） （3）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。 定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語。有時可省略。 同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。 Word came

15、 that their army was defeated.(同位語) We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語) （4）關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。 關(guān)系詞作賓語，前無介詞時。 關(guān)系詞作表語。 （5）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。 （6）關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。 （7）幾個特殊的定語從句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one為先行詞）He

16、is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students為先行詞） Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday？ Is this the place (that / which) we visited yesterday? He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.It may rain, in which case the match will be put o

17、ff.二、精典名題導(dǎo)解 1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. when D. where 解析：本題考查分隔定語從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇。作好本題的關(guān)鍵是要能辨認(rèn)出該定語從句的先行詞the hours和關(guān)系詞被介詞短語to me所分隔。定語從句的先行詞是表時間的名詞hours, 并且關(guān)系詞在從句中用作狀語，故應(yīng)選擇表示時間的關(guān)系副詞when。 2. _ is known to everybody, the noon

18、 travels around the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 解析：本題考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句。as作“正如”解時，引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句來修飾整個句子。當(dāng)as在從句中作主語時，常用于下列短語：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。 3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up

19、 as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when解析：本題考查限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語從句的先行詞是表示地點的名詞短語the small town, 且關(guān)系詞不作定語從句中的主語和賓語而作地點狀語，因此定語從句必須用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，然后選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。定語從句基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練題一改錯1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? 3. The ma

20、n whom I spoke is from Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget. 5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them. 6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me. 7. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate. 8. I dont like the way which you talked

21、 to your friend. 9. This is the last time when Ive given you lessons. 10. Soon they came to a farm house, and in front of which sat a small boy. 二用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空1. I will always remember the hours _ we lived together. I will always remember the hours _ we spent together2. Can you still think of the

22、village _he once worked? Can you still think of the village _ he once visited? 3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth._ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth.4. I have borrowed many books, many of _ are about music. I have borrowed many books, and many of

23、_ are about music.5. There are 50 students in their class, most of _ are from Changsha. There are 50 students in their class, and most of _ are from Changsha.三用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class

24、.3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?5. Mandela was the black lawyer_ whom I went for advice. 6. He was generous with his time, _ which I was grateful. 7. The parts of town _ which they had to live were decided by w

25、hite people. 8. It was a prison _which no one escaped. 9. He is a man of great experience, _ whom much can be learned. 10. Chapin, _whom money was now no problem, start a new film company with his friends. 四單項選擇1. The pretty lady _you told me the other day turned out to be a thief.A. who B. whom C.

26、about whom D. with whom2. Is this the factory _your father used to work many years ago?A. the place B. which C. in which D. the one in which 3. Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a big apple tree？ A. in front of it B. in front of whose C. in front of where D. in front of which4. The pe

27、rson _my father spoke just now is my English teacher.A. who B. to whom C. to who D. whom 5. The reason _she didnt come to Toms birthday is that her mother wont let her.A .that B. which C. for which D. for what6. China is a beautiful country, _we are greatly proud.A. which B. in which C. of which D.

28、where7. I will never forget the day _I join the army.A. on which B in which C. which D at which 8. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _wanted to buy it.A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom9.There are two buildings，_stands nearly a hundred feet high.A.

29、 the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which10. “Id like to give my thanks to those_ help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,” said the woman on TV. A who B that C with whose D with their定語從句強化訓(xùn)練題1. Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journe

30、y more difficult. A. which B. it C. what D. that 2. Finally they arrived at a place_ sold cigarettes and other small articles.A. where B. which C. in which D. what 3. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. A. from whichB. after thatC. after whichD. from this 4. Some pr

31、e-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where5. Mom, what did the doctor say? He advised me to live_ the air is fresher.A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. Where6. It is reported that two schools，_ are being built in my ho

32、metown，will open next year. Athey both Bwhich both Cboth of them Dboth of which7A survey was carried out on the death rate of newborn babies in that area, were surprising.Aas results Bwhich results Cthe results of it Dthe results of which8There were two small rooms in the house, _served as kitchen.A

33、. the smaller of whichB. the small of which C. the smaller of them D. the smaller one9. Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hands. A. that B. in which C. by which D. how 10. “Id like to give my thanks to those help my son will be able to survive his terrible di

34、sease,” said the woman on TV.AwhoBthatCwith whoseDwith their11. She had two new cars, _ was made in Japan. A. one B. which C. and one of which D. and one of them12. On my way home I met a man, _ I think was her brother. A. whom B. that C. who D. /13. Next winter, _ you will spend in Harbin, Im sure,

35、 will be another exciting holiday. A. which B. when C. in which D. that14. _ to take the English Evening Course, please fill in this form. A. Those who want B. Anyone wants C. Those that want D. People want15. I dont like _ you solve such problems. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which16. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, _ 80% are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that17. I can t