翻譯(1)教案 - 浙江師范大學網(wǎng)絡課程

1、浙江師范大學外國語學院課程大綱及教案專業(yè)名稱： 英語專業(yè) 課程名稱： 翻 譯（1） 主導教材：毛榮貴新世紀大學英漢翻譯教程 所屬課程組： 翻 譯 組 課程負責人： 適用年級： 英語專業(yè)本科2003級 200 5 200 6 學年第 一 學期翻譯（1）（2）課程大綱一、課程概況課程名稱：翻譯課程類別：專業(yè)基礎課 課程編號：030903081，030903082學 分：4 學 時：68 開課學期：五、六二、課程教學目標和要求1、教學目標通過本課程的教學，幫助學生有效提高翻譯實踐能力和理論認識，達到高等學校英語專業(yè)英語教學大綱對其翻譯能力的基本要求，即：能運用翻譯理論與技巧，將英美報刊上的文章以及文

2、學原著譯成漢語，或?qū)⑽覈鴪罂?、雜志上的文章和一般文學作品譯成英語，譯文忠實、流暢，譯速每小時250-300個英文單詞漢字，使之可以勝任未來的中學英語教學以及其他涉及翻譯能力的工作。2、課程要求本課程為系列專業(yè)基礎課，由英譯漢和漢譯英組成，要求學生按順序修讀。為達到課程教學的目的，采用講練結(jié)合的方式，布置相當數(shù)量的課后作業(yè)要求學生按時按量完成，并積極參與課堂討論。三、教學內(nèi)容與教學安排1、教學內(nèi)容要點本課程教學以實踐為主，理論為輔，重點是翻譯技巧的介紹與練筆，翻譯內(nèi)容涉及各類文體、各個領域。課程安排按照講練結(jié)合的原則展開，幫助學生有步驟有針對性地訓練翻譯的基本技能。通過大量的練習和講評，強化學生

3、對不同文本語體特點和翻譯原則的認識，為其將來從事翻譯工作或運用英語作為工作語言打下堅實的雙語轉(zhuǎn)換實踐基礎。2、教學安排本課程教學依據(jù)教學大綱，安排在本科三年級上、下兩學期進行，共計68學時，其中36學時為英譯漢，32學時為漢譯英，每周2學時。教學計劃允許授課教師在具體操作中有一定的靈活度，但至少應包含以下3部分的主題內(nèi)容：1) 翻譯概述（含翻譯的標準、原則、過程、中外翻譯簡史及翻譯名家的主要觀點等）；2) 翻譯技巧講練（介紹主要的英漢互譯技巧，結(jié)合學生的練筆進行講評）；3) 多視角的翻譯實踐與研究（不同領域的翻譯實踐及其操作原則與技巧，如外來詞翻譯、報刊標題及新聞翻譯、旅游翻譯、科技翻譯、廣告

4、翻譯、文化與翻譯等；在實踐的基礎上開始涉獵翻譯的前沿理論，提高學生對翻譯的理性認識，目的在于訓練其解決問題的探索能力，為其將來從事翻譯實踐或理論研究開辟一個窗口）。四、教材及主要參考資料教材：毛榮貴：新世紀大學英漢翻譯教程，上海交通大學出版社2002年版毛榮貴：新世紀大學漢英翻譯教程，上海交通大學出版社2002年版主要參考資料：Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.Nida, E. A. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 1993.Nida

5、, E. A. Language and Culture: Contexts in Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.陳宏薇：新實用漢譯英教程，湖北教育出版社2000年版馮慶華：實用翻譯教程(英漢互譯) ，上海外語教育出版社2002年版楊平：名作精譯中國翻譯英譯漢選萃，青島出版社1998年版張培基：英漢翻譯教程，上海外語教育出版社1980年版中國日報網(wǎng)站：漢英最新特色詞匯，上海社會科學院出版社2002年版中國翻譯雜志。五、作業(yè)與考核方式作業(yè)：相關翻譯練習考核方式：課程考核以平時作業(yè)和期末閉卷考試相結(jié)合的方式，考核成績由平時作業(yè)成績（30%）和期末考試卷面成績

6、（70%）組成。Teaching Plan for Translation (1)Title of Lesson: A Brief Introduction to Translation Week 1 Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）Teaching Objectives：1 Help the students achieve a basic understanding of translation: its nature, classification, evaluation criteria, the role of transl

7、ator, etc.2 Briefly introduce to the students the development of translation in China.Key Teaching Points：1 The nature and evaluation criteria of translation.2 The difficulties involved in translating process.Difficult Teaching Points:1 The nature of translation. 2 The evaluation criteria of transla

8、tion.3 The influence of language / cultural barriers on translation.Teaching Contents:I. Discussion:l What is translation?l What is a successful translation?l What difficulties might occur in translating process?A. What is translation?1. Key words:source language(SL) / receptor language / target lan

9、guage(TL); reproduce; message / information; equivalence / correspondence 2. Nature of translation (Eugene A. Nida): Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.3.

10、 Classification of translation:a. Oral interpretation / written translationb. Human translation / machine translationc. Literary / scientific / political / commercial translationd. Domestication (naturalization) / foreignization (estrangement, alienation)e. Literal translation / free translationB. W

11、hat is a successful translation?1. 嚴復：信、達、雅 (faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)2. 傅雷：以效果而論，翻譯應當象臨畫一樣，所求的不在形似而在神似3. 錢鐘書：誘、訛、化4. Eugene A. Nida: natural / close; dynamic/functional equivalenceC. What difficulties might occur in translating process?1. Language / Cultural BarriersTranslatability is

12、 lower when (1) the work to be translated is quite distant both in time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the content is not shared in the two cultures. Betrayal: Loss / Distortion2. Example analysis:a. 東邊日出西邊雨，道是無晴卻有晴。b. 縱一葦之所如，凌萬頃之茫然c. The whole sky spangled gay twinkling stars, and

13、 the Milky Way is as distinct as though it had been washed and rubbed with snow for holiday.整個天空點綴著繁星，快活地眨著眼。天河那么清楚地顯現(xiàn)出來，就好像有人在過節(jié)以前用雪把它擦洗過似的。d. He made you a highway to my bed; But I, a maid, die maiden-widowed. Romeo and Juliet譯文1：他要借你做牽引相思的橋梁 可是我卻要做一個獨守空閨的怨女而死去。譯文2：他本要借你做捷徑，登上我的床； 可憐我這處女，活守寡，到死是處女

14、。3. In the long run there is a tendency: translation itself can convert intranslatability into translatability.e.g. crocodiles tears; science / democracyII. The Role of Translator:The craft of translator is deeply ambivalent; it is exercised in a radical tension between impulses to facsimile and imp

15、ulses to appropriate recreation. George Steiner譯者的技藝是一個深刻的矛盾體。這種技藝是在兩種沖動的極度張力之間形成的：一方面是依樣畫葫蘆的沖動，另一方面又有適當再創(chuàng)作的沖動。A. Metaphors for translator:1. A courier of the human spirits （普希金）2. A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting3. A straitjacketed dancer4. A musician / an actor5. Traduttori-trad

16、itori (Translators are traitors.)B. Responsibility of translator:1. Competent linguistic ability & bicultural knowledge2. Being as transparent as possible3. Being a good negotiatorIII. The Development of Translation in China:翻譯史上的三個高峰期：1. 漢至唐宋佛經(jīng)的轉(zhuǎn)譯：支謙；鳩摩羅什；道安；玄奘 2. 明清以后西歐科技文化的引進：徐光啟；嚴復；林紓；（譯才并世數(shù)

17、嚴林康有為）3. 五四之后的現(xiàn)代階段：郭沫若；魯迅；瞿秋白；傅雷；錢鐘書IV. Homework: 新世紀大學英漢翻譯教程 （P. 46）Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese (1) Week 2 Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）Teaching Objectives：1 Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese.2 Briefly analyze the

18、 influence of these differences on translating.Key Teaching Points：The difference of language embodies the difference in thinking styles.Difficult Teaching Points:The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating processTeaching Contents:I. Thinking Style and DictionA. Insubstantial（虛）vs

19、. Substantial（實）1. Embodimente.g. In this new year, we face momentous uncertainties: war (or wars), a weak economy.譯：這新的一年里，我們面臨著戰(zhàn)爭（乃至連續(xù)的戰(zhàn)爭）、經(jīng)濟低迷等一系列重大的不確定因素。2. Visualizatione.g. utterly quiet鴉雀無聲e.g. In 1966 the North Korean team made it to the quarter finals.譯：1966年，北朝鮮隊成功地踢進了四分之一決賽。B. Static（靜）vs

20、. Dynamic（動）Examples:1) Compare the following two sentences and decide which one is better: a) The pop star appeared on the stage, which caused the audience to stand up and applaud. b) The pop stars presence on the stage brought the audience to their feet in applause.2) Translate the following sente

21、nce:They are the employers of managers as much as they are the employs of workpeople. 譯：他們不僅雇傭工人也雇傭經(jīng)理。II. Thinking Style and SyntaxA. Hypotaxis（從屬結(jié)構(gòu)）vs. Parataxis（并列結(jié)構(gòu)）e.g. It is a pity, however, that Dr. Thomas seems not to have learned the real lesson that history offers us namely, that the “great

22、 breakthroughs” in any technology are always preceded by a radical change in how we view ourselves, and how we behave. （流水句）譯：在任何技術取得“重大突破”之前，我們的行為和對自己的看法都會發(fā)生劇變這便是歷史給我們的教訓。遺憾的是，托馬斯大夫似乎并未真正理解這一點。 （竹節(jié)句）B. Impersonal vs. Personal1. Inanimate noun (無靈名詞) as subjecte.g. Doubts began to creep into peoples

23、 minds about the likely success of the project.譯：人們漸漸對這項計劃成功的可能性產(chǎn)生了懷疑。2. Preparatory word: ite.g. It hurts! (“it”: unspecified word 虛義詞) 好疼！e.g. It just struck me that I still owe you for the concert tickets.譯：我忽然想起還欠你音樂會的門票錢。3. Passive voice (hidden agent/doer)e.g. It is generally believed that Hon

24、g Kong will continue to keep its prosperity and stability after its return to China.譯：人們普遍認為香港回歸后會繼續(xù)保持繁榮和穩(wěn)定。C. Subject-Prominent（主語句）vs. Topic-Prominent（主題句）Examples:1) We could only build one house with these materials. 譯：這些材料只夠我們蓋一棟房子。2) I regard it as an honor that I am invited to your wedding.譯：

25、被邀請參加您的婚禮，我感到很榮幸。3) Bright colors and bold strokes characterize his early painting.譯：他早期繪畫的特征是色彩明亮、筆觸大膽。III. Homework1. Now that you are in for it, you must carry on.2. Cigarettes were the death of me.3. If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening does not wi

26、sh to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street.4. If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always.5. Her sighs made it clear that she was unhappy.6. They had no running water where they lived. Nor did they have any conveniences of life s

27、uch as gas and electricity.7. Theatre will be reinvented and become much freer and more imaginative.8. Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.9. By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by t

28、he organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.10. It should be noted that he and she were extremely close allies.Reference versions:1. 你既然沾上了手，就得干下去。（形象化）2. 香煙斷送了我的性命。（靜動）3. 上星期日傍晚，有人曾見某君在市教堂取走雨傘一把。取傘者如不愿卷入糾紛，還是將傘送至布勞德街10號為妙。（流水句竹節(jié)句）4. 施恩勿記，受恩勿忘。（省略連接詞）5. 她唉聲嘆氣，這說明她不快樂。（物稱人稱）6. 他們住的

29、地方?jīng)]有自來水，也沒有煤氣和電這類生活上的便利設施。（主語主題）7. 戲劇將脫胎換骨，變得更自由、更富想象力。（被動主動：受事者動詞）8. 如今人們知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含有任何有害的物質(zhì)，也會引起嚴重的疾病。（被動句泛稱句）9. 大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時，這個組織拯救了800人，但那是以200多比利時人和法國人的生命為代價的。（施事者直接作主語）10. 應當指出，他和她是極為密切的盟友。（被動句無主句）Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese (2) Week 3 Time Needed：Two periods（4

30、0 minutes per period）Teaching Objectives：1 Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese.2 Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.Key Teaching Points：1 Lexical differences;2 Syntactic differences.Difficult Teaching Points:The embodiment of di

31、fferent syntactic features in translating processTeaching Contents:I. Comment on the homeworkII. Lexical DifferencesA. Word meaning1. Exact equivalente.g. the Pacific Ocean; palace (*compare with dragon)2. No equivalente.g. mascon, cosplay a tendency of translatability (e.g. bar, disco)3. Partial eq

32、uivalenta. Polysemy（一詞多義）e.g. aunt, bird, drink, homelye.g. to cut wheat / cake / finger-nailse.g. to have dinner to have a beard to have very little Spanish to have doubts about their loyalty to have a letter from my cousin to have a difficult timeb. Homonymy（同形/ 同音異義）e.g. can; lead; bill; reed / r

33、eadc. Fixed expressionse.g. ready money / pocket money / easy money / hard moneye.g. Its six of one and half a dozen of the other.B. Word order1. Attributive modifiersExamples:1) something important 重要的事 2) the ancient Chinese poet中國古代詩人3) a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar一個身材瘦小的叫化子，面黃

34、肌瘦，衣衫襤褸，胡子拉渣的，還瘸著腿4) a candidate with little chance of success 一個當選希望極微的候選人2. Adverbial modifiersExamples:1) to develop rapidly迅速發(fā)展；extremely fast快極了/ 極快2) With a bag of books we walked across the garden in the gray light of the dawn. 我們提著一袋書，在晨曦中穿過了花園。3) He was quick to use self-deprecating humor t

35、o throw anyone off the scent. 為了迷惑別人，他機靈地說些自我挖苦的笑話。4) He was born in Rome on May 27, 1980. 他是1980年5月27日在羅馬出生的。/ 他于1980年5月27日出生于羅馬。III. Syntactic DifferencesA. Transformation of sentence structure1. Simple Sentence Complex Sentencee.g. His superior grades at high school enabled him to enroll at the t

36、uition-free College of the City of New York.由于在中學成績優(yōu)異，他進入了免費的紐約市立大學。2. Complex Sentence Simple Sentencee.g. That he will come to the discussion is certain. 他肯定會來參加討論的。e.g. He doesnt know what life means to him. 他不知道人生的意義。3. Complex Sentence Complex Sentencee.g. Our men had gone quite a distance off

37、before the enemy reinforcement troops came up. 我們的隊伍已經(jīng)走得很遠了，敵人的增援部隊才趕上來。e.g. This place is really beautiful, and many people bring their wives and families out here to live. 這地方實在漂亮，（所以）許多人都帶著家小搬來居住。4. Inverted Order Natural Ordere.g. Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in real

38、ity. 當時我確實還不太懂得戰(zhàn)爭的意義以及戰(zhàn)爭實際上是怎么回事。5. Passive Voice Active Voicee.g. He is respected by everybody. 人人都尊敬他。e.g. I was told not to trust what I read in the newspaper. 有人告訴我不要相信報紙上讀到的消息。B. Sentence order1. Time ordere.g. He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his vacation bas

39、king in the Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged in in the South.譯：他本來在南部從事一項建筑工程；任務完成之后，他就上格魯吉亞去度假，享受高加索的陽光，昨天才坐飛機回來。2. Logic ordera. Cause-result ordere.g. He had to stay at home yesterday owing to the bad weather.b. Condition result ordere.g. She will pla

40、y the piano only if she is paid. 只有付給她報酬，她才愿意演奏鋼琴。IV. HomeworkA. Presentation task: PK臺 Please find the full word of PK and its original meaning. Any related information would also be appreciated. Make a PPT document to present what you have learned about PK stage, which should not be longer then 5

41、minutes. At the end of the PPT, put in the source of your knowledge and the names of all your group members also.B. Translate the following paragraph:It seemed a point scored for her side when Joanne, panicked that her father-in-law would bungle the turnoff for the Pulaski Skyway, shattered the tip

42、of her cigarette against the back of the seat and a live ash fell on the babys belly. It went unnoticed for a second until Corinne screamed; then they all saw it, a little flea of fire glowing beside the perfect navel. Joanne jumped, and squealed with guilt, and flapped her hands and stamped her fee

43、t and hugged the baby against her, but the evidence could not be destroyed; a brown dot of char on the globe of immaculate skin. Corinne continued her screams, splicing them with shrill hard gasps of intake, while everyone rummaged through purses and pockets for Vaseline, butter, toothpaste anything

44、 for an urgent. Mother had a tiny bottle of toilet water given her in a department store; Joanne dabbed some of this on, and in time Corinne, shaken by more and more widely spaced spasms of sobbing, mercifully dragged her injury with her into the burrow of sleep.Reference version: 瓊恩正以為自己領先了一分呢，忽然間她

45、的公公在拐彎駛向普拉斯基公路時差一點要出車禍；她一驚之下，手里的煙頭碰上車座靠背，發(fā)燙的煙灰（燃著的煙灰）落在了嬰兒的肚子上。起初的一瞬間誰也沒有注意，等到科琳大聲哭了起來，大家這才看見有跳蚤那么大的一顆火星兒在那十全十美的肚臍邊上閃著亮。瓊恩彈（蹦）了起來，滿懷罪惡感地尖叫著，又是拍手又是跺腳，把孩子緊緊摟在懷里。然而罪證是無法銷毀的了，在白璧無瑕的滾圓的肚皮上，燙出了一粒棕色的圓點。科琳哭得死去活來，不時凄厲地倒抽一口氣。這時大家翻錢包，摸衣兜，找凡士林，黃油，牙膏總之，能當藥膏用的就行。母親拿出一小瓶花露水，是一家百貨公司的贈品；瓊恩把它輕輕地抹在孩子的傷處上。漸漸地，科琳抽噎的間歇拉長

46、了，又過了一陣，她總算饒了他們，帶著傷進入了夢鄉(xiāng)。Title of Lesson: Transfer of Word Meaning Week 4 Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）Teaching Objectives：Acquaint the students with a general idea about how to transfer the wording meaning properly.Key Teaching Points：1 Choice of word meaning.2 Commendatory sense a

47、nd derogatory sense3 Amplification of word meaningDifficult Teaching Points:1 Commendatory sense and derogatory sense2 Amplification of word meaningTeaching Contents:I. RepresentationII. Comment on the homeworkIII. Choice of Wording Meanings（詞義的選擇）A. Context:The meaning and/or the word class of a po

48、lyseme can only be decided in certain context. For example:1. cover:a. They laid him on a stretcher and covered him with a blanket.b. The bandages were covered in blood.c. We covered 400km in three hours.d. Do these parking restrictions cover residents as well as visitors?e. The new office will cove

49、r the whole of Scotland.f. Shes covering the American election for BBC television.g. Im going to the doctors tomorrow so do you think you could cover my shift for me?h. Will £50 cover your expense?i. Does your travel insurance cover you against the loss or theft of cash?j. I think more singers

50、have covered “Yesterday” than any other song.k. Weve got all the exits covered, so theyve got no chance of escape.Reference Version:a. 他們把他放上擔架，給他蓋上毯子。b. 繃帶上浸透了血。c. 三個小時我們趕了400公里路。d. 這些停車限制對本地住戶和外來人員同樣適用嗎？e. 新的辦事處業(yè)務遍及全蘇格蘭。 f. 她在為英國廣播公司的電視臺報道美國大選。g. 明天我要去看醫(yī)生，你能替我代班嗎？h. 50英鎊夠你花了嗎？i. 你的旅行保險金能補償你的現(xiàn)金丟失或失

51、竊嗎？j. 我想和其他他歌相比，“Yesterday”被更多的歌手翻唱過。k. 我們封鎖了所有的出口，使他們插翅難逃。 2. back:a. She put the saddle on the horses back.b. She backed the car out of the narrow road.c. Will you back me against the others?d. The organization is backed by the U.N.e. Our cat has broken one of her back legs.f. When you have done w

52、ith these magazines, remember to put them back.Reference Version:a. 她把馬鞍放在馬背上。b. 她把車子倒出窄路。c. 你會支持我反對其他人嗎？d. 該組織由聯(lián)合國資助。e. 我們的貓斷了一條后腿。f. 你讀完雜志后記得放回原處。B. Collocation:Sometimes different Chinese Words should be employed to transfer the same English word in order to form proper collocation. e.g. exercise

53、: exercise options（行使選擇權）；exercise monopoly（實施壟斷）； exercise judgment（作出判斷）；exercise democracy（實行民主）； exercise responsibility（履行責任）；exercise influence（施加影響）C. Word Form:In many cases, different word forms (such as tense, plural form, etc.) lead to great difference in word meaning. For example: 1) The

54、 roofs of this pagoda are constructed of colored glazed tiles of yellows and greens.這座寶塔的塔頂是用深淺不同的黃色和綠色的琉璃瓦蓋成的。 2) She rejected his advances during the trip to Cannes. 在去戛納的旅程中她拒絕了他的求愛。IV. Commendatory Sense or Derogatory Sense（詞義的褒貶）A. The word itself has commendatory sense or derogatory sense.For

55、instance:1. He was a man of high renown. 他是位有名望的人。2. His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death. 他作為流氓/放蕩的惡名是他死后才傳開來的。3. The tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy. 他們進行的事業(yè)是值得贊揚的。4. Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President. 亨利總是吹噓說他曾同總統(tǒng)談過話。B. The word itself is neutral but show commendatory or derogatory sense in certain context.For example:1. Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it. 凡是忘掉過去的人注定要重蹈覆轍。2. He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a c